Republic of The Philippines

Department of Education
Division of Bukidnon
Cabanglasan II District
CABULOHAN-PARADISE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Cabulohan, Cabanglasan, Bukidnon
LESSON PLAN ON STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 11
Two-Tailed Test vs One-Tailed Test
Teaching Date May 6-10, 2024 Learning Statistics and Probability
Area
Quarter 4th Quarter Grade Grade 11 HUMSS
Level
I. OBJECTIVES
A. CONTENT STANDARDS The learner demonstrates understanding of key
concepts of tests of hypotheses on the population
mean and population proportion.
B. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The learner is able to perform appropriate tests of
hypotheses involving the population mean and
population proportion to make inferences in real-life
problems in different disciplines.
C. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to:

1. Define and illustrate the null hypothesis,

alternative hypothesis, level of significance, rejection
region, and types of errors in hypothesis testing;
2. Identify the rejection and non-rejection regions
and the critical values; and

II. LEARNING MATERIALS

A. REFERENCES  Learner’s Material
 Canlapan, R. B. (2016). Statistics and Probability.
DIWA Learning Town
 Internet
B. ADDITIONAL MATERIALS FOR LEARNING RESOURCES Power point Presentation, Laptop, TV, Scientific Calculator

C. TEACHING STRATEGIES Problem-solving Exercises

Hands-on activities
Real world examples
III. PROCEDURES
Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity
A. Prayer and Greetings In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Please stand up for our prayer. Dayna, kindly lead the prayer. Spirit. Amen … (Prayer)

Good morning, learners. Good morning, ma’am Shine.

Kindly pick up papers and garbage on the floor before you take your Thank you, ma’am.
sit.

B. Attendance (Learners responded “present”)

Kindly say present once your name was called.
C. Presenting the Objectives
Hypothesis testing can allow us to measure data in samples to learn
more about the data in populations that are often too large or
inaccessible. We can measure a sample mean to learn more about
the mean in a population. Here, we can either accept or reject our
assumption using hypothesis testing.
At the end of this discussion you will be able to:
1. Define and illustrate the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis,
level of significance, rejection region, and types of errors in
hypothesis testing;
2. Identify the rejection and non-rejection regions and the critical
values; and
3. Differentiate Type I and Type II errors in claims and decisions.
D. Motivation
Directions:

1. 𝑡 = 1.95 ______________________________
2. 𝑡 = 0.15 ______________________________
3. 𝑡 = −1.45 ______________________________
4. 𝑡 = −2.4 ______________________________
5. 𝑡 = 2.73 ______________________________

Answer the following questions.

1. Are you familiar with the shape of the curve used in Activity 1?
2. What is the name of that curve?
3. In what type of distribution is this kind of curve used?
4. How were you able to locate in which region the given value
falls?
5. What mathematical concepts did you apply in locating the
region?

E. Presenting New Lesson

The Null and Alternative Hypothesis

✓ The null hypothesis is an initial claim based on previous analyses,
which the researcher tries to disprove, reject, or nullify. It shows no

𝐻𝑜. ✓ The alternative hypothesis is contrary to the null

significant difference between two parameters. It is denoted by

effect. It is denoted by 𝐻𝑎.

hypothesis, which shows that observations are the result of a real

✓ The level of significance denoted by alpha or 𝛂 refers to the

Level of Significance

degree of significance in which we accept or reject the null

hypothesis.
✓ 100% accuracy is not possible in accepting or rejecting a
hypothesis.
✓ The significance level α is also the probability of making the
wrong decision when the null hypothesis is true.

Do you know that the most common levels of significance used are
1%, 5%, or 10%? Some statistics books can provide us table of
values for these levels of significance.

✓ When the alternative hypothesis is two-sided like 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0, it

Two-Tailed Test vs One-Tailed Test

is called two-tailed test.

✓ When the given statistics hypothesis assumes a less than or
greater than value, it is called one-tailed test.

Illustration of the Rejection Region

✓ The rejection region (or critical region) is the set of all values of
the test statistic that causes us to reject the null hypothesis.
✓ The non-rejection region (or acceptance region) is the set of all
values of the test statistic that causes us to fail to reject the null
hypothesis.
✓ The critical value is a point (boundary) on the test distribution
that is compared to the test statistic to determine if the null
hypothesis would be rejected.
IV. Developing Mastery
Directions:
State the null and the alternative hypotheses of the following statements.
1. A medical trial is conducted to test whether a new medicine reduces uric acid by 50% or not.
𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
𝐻𝑎: ____________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
2. We want to test whether the general average of students in Math is different from 80%.

𝐻𝑎: ____________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
3. We want to test whether the mean height of Grade 8 students is 58 inches.

𝐻𝑎: _________________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
4. We want to test if LPIHS students take more than four years to graduate from high school, on the average.

𝐻𝑎: ____________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
5. We want to test if it takes less than 60 minutes to answer the quarterly test in Calculus.

𝐻𝑎: ____________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
6. A medical test is conducted to determine whether a new vaccine reduces or not the complications of dengue fever.

𝐻𝑎: _________________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
7. The enrolment in high school this school year increases by 10%..

𝐻𝑎: _________________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
8. The intelligence quotient of male grade 11 students is the same as the female students.

𝐻𝑎: ____________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
9. The school want to test if the students in Grade 7 prefer online distance learning as the method of instruction.

𝐻𝑎: _________________________________________________________

𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
10. The school librarian wants to find out if there was an increase in the number of students accessing the school library.

𝐻𝑎: _________________________________________________________
V. Application

Instructions: Illustrate the rejection region given the critical value and identify if the t-values lie in the non-rejection region or
rejection region.

1. critical t-value of 1.318

computed t-value of 1.1
The computed t-value is at the __________ region
2. Critical t-value of −1.671
computed t-value of −2.45
The computed t-value is at the __________ region.
3. Critical t-value of 1.725
computed t-value of 2.14
The computed t-value is at the __________ region.
4. Critical t-value of ±1.311
computed t-value of −1.134
The computed t-value is at the __________ region.
5. Critical t-value of −1.701
computed t-value of −2.48
The computed t-value is at the __________ region.

VII. Assignment
Cite five (5) situations in your community where you can apply hypothesis testing. Then, just choose one situation and:
1. create a problem statement;
2. formulate the null and alternative hypothesis;
3. select the level of significance and sketch the rejection region;

Prepared by: Checked by:

SHINIE LOUISE M. NOYNAY ANGELITO C. SIERAS

School Teacher I Assistant School Principal II