Spring Frameworks

What is Java Framework?

 Advantages of Java Framework

• All above features are available when we use

the API
 Disadvantages

• Need the use the API the way it is, Cannot modify the API
• Code is public: Same code is exposed to the public
• Internals of the API is not exposed to the developer
(specially web service)
Java Framework
 Spring

• Need Something Fast,

flexible and efficient
 Why Spring Framework?
• Spring Framework makes the easy development
of J2EE Applications

• It provides more flexibility as Spring MVC is based

on interfaces, So someone can make required
changes in the implementation without effecting
the client code.
• Spring framework is based on interfaces so we
can write our own code
• Reduce the development time as APIs will be used
to develop the application
Introduction to Spring Framework
Introduction to Spring Framework
• Spring Framework ecosystem
Introduction to Spring Framework
• Why Spring?
Spring Architecture
 POJO Programming Model
• POJO: Plain Old Java Objects
– It is a Java object that doesn't extend or
implement some specialized classes and
interfaces respectively.
– all normal Java objects are POJO
– In POJO model, it is recommended that, interfaces
should be explicitly implemented whenever you
want to pick and choose the methods of the
interface
 POJO Programming Model
• POJO Classes Rules
 POJO Programming Model
• Advantages of POJO Classes
 POJO Programming Model
• Example
public class Employee public String getName()
{
String name; {
public String id; return name;
private double salary;
}
public Employee() public String getId()
{}
{
public Employee(String name, String id, return id;
double salary)
{ }
this.name = name; public Double getSalary()
this.id = id;
this.salary = salary; {
} return salary;
Public void setName(String name)
{ this.name=name; }
}
 POJO Programming Model
• Example
public class Myprogram
{
Employee s1= new Employee(“Ram”, 1, 28);
System.out.println(“Name:”+s1.getName());
System.out.println(“Name:”+s1.getId());
System.out.println(“Name:”+s1.getSalary());
Employees2= new Employee();
s2.setName(“Geeta”);
System.out.println(“Name:”+s2.getName());

}
Introduction to Spring Framework
• Five steps Spring Coding
 Lightweight Containers
• Spring IOC container
• How Class is constructed?
– Attribute
– methods
• Object Construction
– Classname refname=new Classname()
– Refname.arrtibute1= value
– Refname.arrtibute1= value
– ………….
• Spring
– Core : IOC: Inversion of Control
– No need to create objects
– Objects shall be configured in an XML file by the developer
– Spring container module: responsible to construct java objects by parsing XML
file
 Lightweight Containers
• Spring IOC container
• Benefit
• The XML file is not part of source code so it
can grow and shrink
• Values can be manipulated accrodingly
 Spring IOC container
• Example
Public void setName(String name)
{ this.name=name;}
public class Employee
{ public String getName()
String name; {return name;}
int id;
double salary; Public void setId(int id)
{ this.id=id;}
public Employee()
{ public String getId()
} {return id;}
public Employee(String name, String id, Public void setSalary(int salary)
double salary) { this.salary=salary;}
{
this.name = name; public Double getSalary()
this.id = id; {return salary;}
this.salary = salary;
} }
 Spring IOC container
• Example
public class Myprogram
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Object Construction by Developer
Employee e1= new Employee();
e1.setName(“Geeta”);
e1.setId(21);
e1.setSalary(21000.20);
System.out.println(“EmpDetails:”+e1);

//Spring Way| IOC enable Spring Core

Framework
// Link to XML File XML\Employee.xml
 Spring IOC container
• Example
// An API named Resource from Spring Framework
Resource resource= new ClassPathResource(“employee.xml”);
BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
//BeanFactory is Spring Core Container that shall parse the XML and
construct the objects
Employee e2=(Employee) factory.getBean(“emp1”);
Employee e3=factory.getBean(“emp2”.Employee.class);

//Objects are constructed by spring core container and we are using the
reference to the object
System.out.println(“EmpDetails:”+e2);
}
 Spring IOC container
ApplicationContext API is implementation of Bean Package

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Myprogram

{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“Employee.xml");
Employee e1 = (Employee) context.getBean(“emp1");
}
}

ApplicationContext creates object even if it is not requested. However,

BeanFactory creates object only if it is requested.
 Spring IOC container
• Spring Inversion Control
– Objects not created by developer in code
– Object is Constructed by Spring core container
– Two API’s
• BeanFactory
• ApplicationContext
• ApplicationContext is built on top of Bean package
• Bean factory constructs the object when its requested by
calling getBean Method
• ApplicationContext constructs the objects even though if its
is not requested.
 Spring IOC container
Public void setName(String name)
{ this.name=name;}
public class Employee
{ public String getName()
String name; {return name;}
int id;
double salary; Public void setId(int id)
{ this.id=id;}
public Employee()
{ public String getId()
System.out.println(“ Objects Constructed…..” ); {return id;}
}
Public void setSalary(int salary)
public Employee(String name, String id, { this.salary=salary;}
double salary)
{ public Double getSalary()
this.name = name; {return salary;}
this.id = id;
this.salary = salary; }
}
Spring IOC container
 Spring IOC container features

• Metadata: XML e.g employee.xml

• POJO: Employee Class
Lightweight Containers
 Bean
• Bean Object
Dependency Injection with Spring
 Dependency Injection with Spring
• Constructor Injection
– Constructor-based DI is accomplished by the
container invoking a constructor with a number of
arguments, each representing a dependency.
public class Employee
{
String name;
int id;
Address addrs
}
public Address
{
int aptno;
String city;
int pin;
}
 Dependency Injection with Spring
• How we will create employee object?
Employee e=new Employee()
Constructor of employee
Employee()
{ name=‘rahul”;
Id=20;
address=new Address();
}
• High Dependency : any change in
Address class needs to be reflected in
Employee class as well
• Leads to high coupling
• If Employee class uses Address Dependency
object without mentioning Address Injection
class in it | we can overcome all such Framework
problems
 Dependency Injection with Spring
• Never create object inside another class using
new operator
• DI Create all objects with dependencies in the
application and just use it
• Reduce Dependency
• Achieve loose coupling
• Less code
• More readable code
• More maintainable code
Dependency Injection with Spring
 Constructor Injection
Employee( Address address){
addrs=address;
}
Address a=new Address()
Employee e =new Employee(a);

Reduce Dependency
Achieve loose coupling
 Constructor Injection
Public class Address{ Public class employee{
String city; Int id;
String state; String name;
int pin; Address address;
Public Address(){ Public Employees(){
} }
Public Address(String city, String state, int pin){ // Constructor Injection
This.city=city; Public Employee(Address
This.state=tate; address){
This.pin=pin; This.address=address;
} }
// getter and setter methods // getter and setter methods
} }
 Constructor Injection
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

<bean id = “add1" class = "Vesit.Address">

<property name = “Citye" value = “Mumbaii"/>
<property name = “state" value = “Maharashtra"/>
<property name = “pin" value = “615702/>
</bean>
<bean id = "emp1" class = "Vesit.Employee">
<property name = "name" value = "Rishi"/>
<property name = "id" value = "12"/>
<constructor-arg ref="add1"/>
</bean>
</beans>

In Employee class constructor injection will take place

 Constructor Injection
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationConte
xt;

public class Myprogram

{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“Employee.xml");
Employee e1 = (Employee) context.getBean(“emp1");
}
}
 Setter Injection
Public class employee{
Int id;
String name;
Public class Address{
Address address;
String city;
String state; Public Employees(){
int pin; }
Public Address(){ // Constructor Injection
}
Public Address(String city, String state, int pin){
Public Employee(Address address){
This.city=city; This.address=address;
This.state=tate; }
This.pin=pin;
// getter and setter methods
}
// getter and setter methods Public Address getAddress(){
} return address;
}
Public void setAddress( Address address){
This.address=address;
}
}
 Setter Injection
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

<bean id = “add1" class = "Vesit.Address">

<property name = “Citye" value = “Mumbaii"/>
<property name = “state" value = “Maharashtra"/>
<property name = “pin" value = “615702/>
</bean>
<bean id = "emp1" class = "Vesit.Employee">
<property name = "name" value = "Rishi"/>
<property name = "id" value = "12"/>
<property name = “address" ref= “add1"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Constructor vs Setter Injection
 Circular Dependency
• if you use predominantly constructor injection, it
is possible to create an unresolvable circular
dependency scenario.
• For example: Class A requires an instance of class
B through constructor injection, and class B
requires an instance of class A through
constructor injection.
• If you configure beans for classes A and B to be
injected into each other, the Spring IoC container
detects this circular reference at runtime, and
throws a BeanCurrentlyInCreationException.
Overriding Bean
 Auto Wiring Bean Looksup
Autowiring feature of spring framework enables you to inject the
object dependency implicitly. It internally uses setter or constructor
injection.
Autowiring can't be used to inject primitive and string values. It
works with reference only.

➔ Advantage
◆ It requires the less code because we don't need to write the code
to inject the dependency explicitly.

➔ Disadvantage
◆ No control of programmer.
◆ It can't be used for primitive and string values.
Auto Wiring
Auto Wiring

@Autowired
Autowiring Modes XML
Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
package edu.vesit.autowire;

public class Employee {

Address address;

public Address getAddress() {

return address;
}

public void setAddress(Address address) {

this.address = address;
}
public Employee() {
super();
}

public Employee(Address address) {

super();
this.address = address;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [address=" + address + "]";
}
}
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
package edu.vesit.autowire;

public class Address {

private String street;

private String city;
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address [street=" + street + ", city=" + city + "]";
}
}
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Address" name="address">

<property name="street" value="Bell Pepper"></property>
<property name="city" value="Thane"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Employee" name="emp1" autowire=" byName">
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
package edu.vesit.autowire;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestAutowire {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("employee.xml");
Employee emp=context.getBean("emp1", Employee.class);
System.out.println(emp);
}

}
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
Employee [address=Address [street=Bell Pepper, city=Thane]]
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Address" name="address1">

<property name="street" value="Bell Pepper"></property>
<property name="city" value="Thane"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Employee" name="emp1" autowire=" byName">

OUTPUT
Employee [address=null]
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Address" name="address1">

<property name="street" value="Bell Pepper"></property>
<property name="city" value="Thane"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Employee" name="emp1" autowire="byType">
</bean>
</beans>

OUTPUT
Employee [address=Address [street=Bell Pepper, city=Thane]]
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Address" name="address1">

<property name="street" value="Bell Pepper"></property>
<property name="city" value="Thane"></property>
</bean>

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Address" name="address2">

<property name="street" value="Golf court"></property>
<property name="city" value="Mumbai"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Employee" name="emp1" autowire="byType">
</bean>
</beans>

OUTPUT
Error creating bean with name 'emp1‘
No qualifying bean of type 'edu.vesit.autowire.Address' available: expected single matching bean but found
2: address1,address2
Autowiring Modes XML (Example)
Call byName and byType use setter injection
 Autowiring Modes XML (Example)

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Address" name="address">

<property name="street" value="Bell Pepper"></property>
<property name="city" value="Thane"></property>
</bean>

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Address" name="address2">

<property name="street" value="Golf court"></property>
<property name="city" value="Mumbai"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.Employee" name="emp1" autowire="constructor">
</bean>
</beans>

Constructor injection will be called

 Autowiring Modes @Autowired (Example)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>

<!-- <bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.annotation.Address" name="address1">

<property name="street" value="Bell Pepper"></property>
<property name="city" value="Thane"></property>
</bean>
-->

<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.annotation.Address" name="address">

<property name="street" value="Golf Street"></property>
<property name="city" value="Mumbai"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="edu.vesit.autowire.annotation.Employee" name="emp2">
</bean>
</beans>
 Autowiring Modes @Autowired (Example)
package edu.vesit.autowire.annotation;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class Employee {

@Autowired //by property
Address address;

public Address getAddress() {

return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Employee() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Employee(Address address) {
super();
System.out.println("HI I am in Constructor");
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [address=" + address + "]";
}
}
 Example
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1M1IyOH
ORnP_NBChwstRFdhG8zY0J7NcbfRYdukWumoE
/edit
@Autowired Annotation

@Autowired annotation to auto wire bean on the setter method, constructor or a

field. Moreover, it can autowire property in a particular bean. We must first enable
the annotation using below configuration in configuration file. If you are using Java
based configuration, you can enable annotation-driven injection by using
below spring configuration:

@Configuration

@ComponentScan("guru.springframework.autowiringdemo")

public class AppConfig {}

As an alternative, we can use below XML based configuration in Spring:

<context:annotation-config />
 Spring Manage Beans
• Lifecycle of Object
– when & how it is born
– how it behaves throughout its life
– when & how it dies
• bean life cycle
– when & how the bean is instantiated
– action it performs until it lives
– when & how it is destroyed
 Spring Manage Beans
Bean life cycle is managed by the spring container
 Spring Manage Beans

• Spring provides three ways to implement

the life cycle of a bean
– By XML
– Spring Interface
– Annotation
 Links

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMLP-
NEPgnM
• https://www.thejavaprogrammer.com/sprin
g-hello-world-example/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtikLlZs
tkE