Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ)

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VOL- VII ISSUE- VI JUNE 2020
e-JOURNAL 6.293 2349-638x

Mathematics for Digital Image Processing

Dr. Siddharth Sudhakarrao Howal,

Assistant professor,
Dr.S.S.M.Pratishthan’s
College Of Education, Ahmedpur Dist. Latur

Abstract:-
Generally Mathematical tools can be defined as a functional technique that are used for computation. A systematic
or concept based methods or principles used for computations. Images represents to carry out different processes using
this mathematical tools. With the help of these mathematical tools, we can have various image processing, some of them
are…... noise removal, filtering, masking, enhancing ,mixing two images, color transformation etc.

Introduction :-

w e goes to market and buy camera or mobile

There are different categories of operating in
digital image processing. The first one is address
phone as per their configuration and configuration of and matrix operations to see here our image
these devices based on resolution and pixels. what is generally consider as an array or matrix. So, there are
the resolution of particular camera and what pixel four types of operations Array Operations and array
values that camera hold. or matrix operations. But suppose, We are taking two
Term Resolution consists how many number images in the form of arrays.
of elements does a picture contains. Images in the Let us consider two images as follows
form of a matrix, that matrix basically N X M. and
Matrix must contain some elements. Resolution is
actually the number of elements contained in Array product is given by
particular image, then those elements are pixel. So, =
there are the two definitions resolution and pixel.
There is one more term called as gray level, what is
the gray level actually it is the value of that particular Now Matrix product is given by
pixel, whatever the value is given to that pixel =
whether it is 0,1,2 or whatsoever. The value is in
numerical domain that is said to be the gray level of
that particular pixel. Now, with the help of all these
terms, the flowchart or the block diagram of digital
In other Arithmetic operations for suppose there are
image processing can be understand.
two images, let us consider one images
we know mathematical tools i.e addition,
f(x,y) second image g(x,y) if we combine these two
subtraction, logical arithmetic, these are all
(two dimensional image) we will get a new image
operations are normal operations, these normal
that is S (x,y),
operation are used in signal formations and in image
S(x,y) = f(x,y)+ g(x,y)
processing system too. What are the operations
S(x,y) = f(x,y)- g(x,y)
operating in our disclaimers?
S(x,y) = f(x,y)* g(x,y)
S(x,y) = f(x,y)/ g(x,y)
• Array Vs Matrix operations ,
Now, we subtract the image one from image
• Linear Vs nonlinear operations,
two to form new image. Image outputs come away
• Arithmetic operations, from image of objects then we will get a new image.
• Set and logical operations and This is normal representation. An addition
• Spatial Operation subtraction likewise, there is product, If we product

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PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN
VOL- VII ISSUE- VI JUNE 2020
e-JOURNAL 6.293 2349-638x

two images then also we got a new image and the

last one is dividing. If we divide one image with
another image, we will get another new image now,
we have to find out what are the applications of these
images.
Application :
The addition operation is generally useful
frequently for image enhancement, Enhancement is
nothing but highlighting of our image. So, enhancing
develop with highlighting parts. But suppose We
concerned here there is a galaxy, galaxy is
1. Infrared image of the Washington D.C. area
combination of incidents of different planets and
2. Image obtained by setting to zero the least
stars whatever it is. There are six images.
significant bit of every pixel in A
3. Difference of two images, scaled to the range
[0.255] for clarity.
The same image is by setting the each pixel
value to zero. So, here image obtained by setting to
zero the least significant bit of every pixel. But
suppose in first image, there is a one pixel or one dot
and if that dot is converts into the binary, it is having
some most significant bit. Suppose, least significant
all the pixel values having least significant bits. those
pixel values are set to zero the image will be like this
second one was visual image, the same age image is
modified by setting the least significant bit of each
pixel value in first image. So, we must create second
The first image A is image capture by image. first two images captured by normal camera,
normal satellite cameras that is image of galaxy pale. but second images transferred modified with
Using averaging process We can be reduce the noise changing that bit value of significant declare it as
And by adding a number of noisy images and taking zero, then, we have available two images image one
the average figure B. If we have more clearly and image two. If we take the difference of Image A and
compare with the first one, this is very clear some Image B. Image A and B here difference of the two
water highlights. We are highlighting that image. So images, then scale it to that range [0.255] for clarity,
that with our ratings, what is average internally there are light particles, dark particles. So, there are
inherently there is addition operation. So, adding all lead particles or particles, but here transferred from
the elements, all the images and by taking the total [0.255] scale values, then images very highlighted.
number of images that is part of it, likewise we are So, by subtracting also we can enhance the image to
inverting highlighting process. So, the addition visibility after by the human caregivers.
operation is generally used to highlight or enhance In Multiplication process, we want to
the image. highlight a particular part and remaining thing should
The Subtraction operation is also an be blank. if anyone suffering from tooth decay or
enhancement application, but here the operation is damaged? What happened when we go to the dentist,
different, we are taking a difference not adding. We they're asking for X ray. So but suppose if there is
have to consider two images, two images, two any damage in tooth, or any infections, so those are
different images. So, here considering A and B, C's highlighted by X ray, but we don't want to use
resulting. remaining tooth. We want only a particular damaged
tooth. ROI mask for isolating teeth with feelings. The
reason there are two tooth’s that are damaged. So

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e-JOURNAL 6.293 2349-638x

here using two masks, the resultant image will Conclusion:-

becomes. Except these everything is black, it is like The addition operation is generally useful
an operating image that means a mask one mask two. frequently for image enhancement, Enhancement is
We using two masks, since there are two damages. nothing but highlighting off our image. Enhancing
By using these two masks, we can highlight the develop with highlighting parts. Addition operation
particular damage to the infected tooth. the agenda led to enhancing it. These application areas in
application of the common use of image contrast modification, changing the contrast of the
multiplication is masking also called as region of image, change the brightness of the image, the
interest, As we don't want the remaining part only a enhancements in this area the proper based operation
region of interest or masking. is use. We all come across various image processing
operations. So, like probability based operations, we
Linear and Non Linear Operation in Images : have come across next set operation, logical
To carry out this in image we need to check operations, we have come across Array Operations,
whether it obeys the, additive property and matrix operations.
homogeneity property.
References:-
Set operations:- To understand let us consider ,
A={a1,a2,a3…..} 1. Chris Solomon, Toby Breckon,(2010),
B={b1,b2,b3…..} Fundamental Of Digital Image Processing,
To carry out image process we can use set operations Fourth Edition, Pearson publication
2. John R. Jensen, Introductory Digital Image
such as Union, Intersection, Complement, Difference
Processing, Fourth Edition,
3. J. Burge ,Wilhelm Burger, (2009),Principles of
Logical operations:- Following logical operations
Digital Image Processing,Springer,UTiCS
used in image processing 4. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Digital
1 OR Image Processing, Third edition
2 AND
3 NOT
4 AND NOT
5 XOR

Spatial Operations:-
Spatial operations are performed directly on
the pixel that it is directly on the image pixel for that
for individual processing of a particular pixel we will
be prefer spatial operation. So, the spatial operation
is classified into three broad categories.
i) Single pixel operation,
ii) Neighborhood operation
iii) Geometric spatial transformation.

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