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Fundamentals of Machine Learning Notes

The lecture notes provide an overview of Machine Learning (ML), including its types: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Key algorithms such as decision trees, k-NN, SVM, and regression techniques are discussed, along with model evaluation metrics and the bias-variance tradeoff. The notes emphasize the importance of understanding overfitting and underfitting, loss functions, and suggest further study in coding and advanced topics like deep learning.

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1 views2 pages

Fundamentals of Machine Learning Notes

The lecture notes provide an overview of Machine Learning (ML), including its types: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Key algorithms such as decision trees, k-NN, SVM, and regression techniques are discussed, along with model evaluation metrics and the bias-variance tradeoff. The notes emphasize the importance of understanding overfitting and underfitting, loss functions, and suggest further study in coding and advanced topics like deep learning.

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avi.fashion10
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Fundamentals of Machine Learning - Lecture Notes

Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on building systems that

learn from data.

1. Introduction to Machine Learning:

ML enables systems to learn and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. Types of

ML:

- Supervised Learning: Learning from labeled data (e.g., classification, regression).

- Unsupervised Learning: Finding patterns in unlabeled data (e.g., clustering).

- Reinforcement Learning: Learning via feedback from actions (e.g., rewards).

2. Key Algorithms:

- Decision Trees: Model decisions with a tree structure based on feature values.

- k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN): Classifies data based on the majority class among its k closest

points.

- Support Vector Machines (SVM): Finds the optimal hyperplane to separate classes.

- Linear Regression: Predicts a continuous output from input features.

- Logistic Regression: Used for binary classification tasks.

3. Model Evaluation:

- Accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score.

- Confusion matrix for classification tasks.

4. Bias-Variance Tradeoff:

- Bias: Error due to overly simplistic assumptions.


- Variance: Error due to too much sensitivity to training data.

- Goal: Find a model that generalizes well (low total error).

5. Overfitting and Underfitting:

- Overfitting: Model captures noise and performs poorly on new data.

- Underfitting: Model is too simple to capture underlying patterns.

6. Loss Functions:

- Mean Squared Error (MSE) for regression.

- Cross-Entropy for classification.

These notes offer a foundational overview for students beginning in ML. Further learning should

include hands-on coding, mathematical foundations, and advanced topics such as deep learning.

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