1. An object P is travelling to the right with a momentum of 40 kg m s−1.

It collides with another object Q

travelling to the left along the same path.

The final momentum of P is 10 kg m s−1 to the right.

What is the change in the momentum of Q?

A 0 kgms−1
B 10 kgms−1
C 30 kgms−1
D 50 kgms−1

Your answer [1]

2. The graph shows the resultant force on a football as it is kicked.

Which of the following graphs relating to this kick would have the same shape as the graph above?

A acceleration of the ball against time

B kinetic energy of the ball against time
C momentum of the ball against time
D velocity of the ball against time

Your answer
[1]

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3. A ball, initially at rest, is struck by a hockey stick. It leaves the hockey stick at speed v.

Which quantity, together with the mass of the ball, can be used to determine v?

A The time of the impact.

B The weight of the hockey stick.
C The impulse of the force.
D The final momentum of the hockey stick.

Your answer [1]

4. A ball P of mass m has a velocity in the positive x-direction. It makes a collision with a stationary ball Q of
mass 2m. After the collision, the ball P has velocity v1, ball Q has velocity v2 and the balls travel in the
directions shown in the diagram below.

After the collision, the total momentum of the balls in the x-direction is px and the total momentum in the y-
direction is py.

Which row is correct for px and py?

px py
A 2mv2 cos 20° + mv1 cos 30° 0
B 2mv2 sin 20° + mv1 sin 30° 0
C 2mv2 cos 20° + mv1 cos 30° 2mv2 sin 30° + mv1 sin 20°
D 2mv2 sin 20° + mv1 sin 30° 2mv2 cos 30° + mv1 cos 20°

Your answer
[1]

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6.

Fig. 20.1 shows an electric motor used to lift and lower a load.

Fig. 20.1
At time t = 0 the load is on the ground with displacement s = 0.
Fig. 20.2 shows the variation of the displacement s of the load with time t.

Fig. 20.2

Fig. 20.3
i. On Fig. 20.3, sketch a graph to show the variation of the velocity v of the load with time t.
You do not need to insert a scale on the v axis.
[3]

ii. Describe how the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy of the load varies from t = 0
to t = 2.0 s.

[2]

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iii. During the downward journey of the load, the string breaks at t = 4.0 s. It then falls vertically
towards the ground. The mass of the load is 120 g.
Air resistance is negligible.

1 Calculate the velocity V of the load just before it hits the ground.

ms−1
V=
[2]

The load hits the ground and comes to rest in a time interval of 25 ms.
2
Calculate the average force F exerted by the ground on the load.

F= N [2]

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7. A student wants to determine the value of the acceleration of freefall g.

The diagram below shows part of the arrangement which the student used.

A steel ball is dropped from an electromagnet. The ball falls vertically. The ball hits a trapdoor and opens the
trapdoor.

The trapdoor falls downwards when the ball hits it.

The ball collides elastically with the trapdoor with a speed of 4.4 m s–1.

The graph of force acting on the ball against time is shown below.

The mass of the ball is 0.050 kg.

i. Calculate the initial momentum p1 of the ball just before it hits the trapdoor.

p1 = ............................................ kg m s–1 [1]

ii. Use the graph to calculate the magnitude of the final momentum p2 of the ball immediately after the
collision.

p2 = ............................................ kg m s–1 [3]

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 iii. The mass of the trapdoor is 100 g.

Calculate the final speed v of the trapdoor immediately after the collision.

v = ................................................ m s–1 [2]

8. A car starts from rest at time t = 0.

The car travels in a straight line with a constant acceleration.

The displacement s against time t graph for this car is shown below.

i. Use the graph to show that the speed of the car at t = 4.0s is 10ms−1.

[3]

ii. The mass of the car is 1200kg.

Calculate the rate of change of momentum of the car from t = 0 to t = 4.0 s. Include an appropriate unit for
your answer.

iii.

rate of change of momentum = ...................... unit ..................... [3]

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Mark scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

1 C 1

Total 1
Examiner's Comments

All of the questions showed a positive

discrimination, and the less able
candidates could access the easier
questions. The questions in Section A
2 A 1 do require careful reading and
scrutiny. Candidates are advised to
reflect carefully before recording their
response in the box. Candidates must
endeavour to use a variety of quick
techniques when answering multiple
choice questions.

Total 1
3 C 1

Total 1
4 A 1

Total 1
5 B 1

Total 1
From t = 0 to t = 2.0 s: a non–zero
horizontal line
B1
From t = 2.0 to t = 3.5 s: line showing
v=0
6 i
B1
From t = 3.5 to t = 4.0 s: non–zero
horizontal line showing v is opposite B1
Judgement by eye
in direction and magnitude larger than
that of line drawn at t = 0 to t = 2.0.

KE is constant.
B1 Allow: ‘at constant rate’ for ‘linear’
ii Not: unqualified ‘constantly’
GPE increases linearly / proportional
B1
to t
Examiner’s Comments

Nearly four fifths of candidates

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 completed 20a well, especially if they
clearly stated the equations for
momentum and kinetic energy. Those
that did not generally forgot that the
question required an expression with
‘p’ and ‘m’ in it. 1/2 pv was a common
wrong answer.

20bi was answered well, with some

candidates either slightly misreading
the graph when the velocity became
negative or not spotting that the line
was steeper for the last section of the
movement than it was in the first.

Most candidates spotted that the KE

was constant because the velocity
was constant. Rather fewer
candidates explained that the GPE
increased at a constant rate.

Allow 1 mark for (2 × 9.81 × 0.40)1/2 =

2.8 (m s−1)
V2 = 0.802 + 2 × 9.81 × 0.40 C1
iii Examiner’s Comments
V = 2.9 (m s−1) A1
Many candidates selected the correct
equation, although did not realise that
the load was not at rest when it was
released. The initial velocity was
found from the graph on page 22 of
the paper and was 0.80 ms−1.

Possible ECF from (iii)1

Note: use of 2.8 m s−1 gives F =
13(.44 N)
F = 0.12 × 2.9/0.025 C1
Note: 1.4 × 10n (N) scores 1 mark
iv
F = 14 (N) A1
Examiner’s Comments

Nearly three quarters of the

candidates used the correct method
for finding the average force acting on
the load by considering the rate of
change of momentum.

Total 9

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7 i (p1 = 4.4 × 0.050 ) = 0.22 (kg m s-1) B1
(impulse =) ½ × 30 × 0.02 or 0.30 (kg
C1 Allow any correct re-arrangement
m s-1)
Possible ECF from (i)
ii C1
-0.30 = p2 – 0.22
Ignore sign
A1 Allow 0.52 for 2 marks
p2 = (–) 0.08 (kg m s-1)
Allow (KEtrapdoor =) ½ × 0.05 × (4.42 –
1.62) or 0.42 (J)
Possible ECF from (ii)

Allow 1 SF answer here

Allow alternate methods involving
(momentum of trapdoor =) 0.30 (kg m CoE (giving 2.9) and e(giving 2.8)
C1
s-1)
iii
Examiner's Comments
-1 A1
v = 3.0 (m s ) In this part the momentum of the
trapdoor is not equal to the final
momentum of the ball but is equal to
the impulse provided to the ball by the
trapdoor (albeit in the opposite
direction to that of the rebounding
ball).

Total 6
Tangent drawn at t = 4.0 s
Attempt at calculating the gradient
v calculated from gradient and C1
between 9.50 - 10.50 (m s-1) C1
A1 Allow other correct methods
8 i OR C1
C1 Note working required for this mark
2
s = 20 (m) and s = ½ at C1
20 = ½ a × 4.02 or a = 2.5 (m s-2) A0
v = 2.5 × 4.0 or v2 = 2 × 2.5 × 20
v = 10 (m s-1)
change in momentum = 1200 x 10 or
12000 (kg m s-1) Allow ECF from (i)
rate of change of momentum = 3000 C1
unit: kg m s-2 or N A1 Allow 2850 - 3150
B1 Allow newton
ii
OR C1
A1 Allow ECF from (i)
F = 1200 X 2.5 B1
rate of change of momentum = 3000 Allow newton
unit: kg m s-2 or N

Total 6

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