Experiment No 4
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sanzidis99Experiment No 4
Uploaded by
sanzidis99Experiment No : 05
Experiment Name: Experimental Study of Differentiator &
Integrator Circuit.
Objective:
To analyze the characteristics and behavior of differentiator and integrator
circuits using μA741 operational amplifiers (op-amps).
To analyze the behavior of differentiator and integrator circuits in response
to varied input waveforms.
To compare the experimental results to theoretical expectations.
Required Apparatus:
1. Project Board .
2. DC Voltage Source (15V)
3. Resistor (4 pieces~1.5 k , 470 , 10k , 100k ohm)
4. Capacitor(3 pieces~1 , 1 , 0.1 µF)
5. Oscilloscope.
6. Multimeter.
7. Signal Generator.
8. Connecting Wires.
Circuit Diagram:
Fig -1 : Differentiator Circuit using μA741 IC.
Fig-02 : Integrator Circuit using μA741 IC.
Result :
Differentiator:
Fig-03: Output for sine wave.
Fig-04: Output for Ramp Wave.
Fig-05 : Output for Square Wave.
Data Table for Differentiator :
Table -01 : Comparison of Input and Output Waveforms With Voltages.
Input Waveform Input Voltage (P-P) (V) Output Output Voltage (p-p)
Waveform
Sine Wave 1.08 Cosine Wave 208mV
Ramp Wave 1.06 Square Wave 148mV
Square Wave 1.10 Spikes 1.14V
Integrator:
Fig-06: Output of Sine Wave
Fig-07: Output of Ramp Wave.
Fig-08 : Output of Square Wave.
Data Table for Integrator :
Table -02 : Comparison of Input and Output Waveforms With Voltages.
Input Waveform Input Voltage (P-P) (V) Output Output Voltage (p-p)(mV)
Waveform
Sine Wave 1.06 Cosine Wave 288
Ramp Wave 1.06 Square Wave 232
Square Wave 1.10 Spikes 424
Discussion & Conclusion:
This experiment demonstrated how integrator and differentiator circuits operate with various
input signals. The integrator smoothes the input over time, converting a sine wave to a cosine
wave, a square wave into a triangular wave, a triangular wave into a parabolic wave, and a
ramp into a triangle wave. The differentiator determines how quickly the signal changes,
yielding a cosine wave from a sine wave, sharp spikes from a square wave, a square wave
from a triangle wave, and a continuous pulse from a ramp. The MATLAB findings matched
theory, but real-world circuits may have minor mistakes owing to noise and constraints.
Integrators are employed in signal processing and control systems, whilst differentiators are
useful in motion sensing and edge detection.
