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Java_Backend_Interview_Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes for Java backend interview preparation, covering key topics such as Java multithreading, Java 8 features, Spring Boot, RESTful web services, and microservices. Each section includes essential concepts, interview questions, and answers to help candidates understand the material. It emphasizes important Java features, design patterns, and best practices relevant to backend development.

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Rachit Garg
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12 views3 pages

Java_Backend_Interview_Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes for Java backend interview preparation, covering key topics such as Java multithreading, Java 8 features, Spring Boot, RESTful web services, and microservices. Each section includes essential concepts, interview questions, and answers to help candidates understand the material. It emphasizes important Java features, design patterns, and best practices relevant to backend development.

Uploaded by

Rachit Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Backend Interview Prep Notes

1. Java Multithreading

- Thread Lifecycle: NEW -> RUNNABLE -> RUNNING -> BLOCKED -> TERMINATED
- Ways to create threads: Extending Thread class or implementing Runnable interface
- Synchronization: Use `synchronized` keyword to control access to critical sections
- Volatile: Ensures visibility of changes across threads
- wait(), notify(), notifyAll(): Used for thread communication
- Concurrency utilities: ExecutorService, Callable, Future, CountDownLatch, ReentrantLock

Interview Questions:
1. Difference between Thread and Runnable?
- Thread is a class; Runnable is an interface. Runnable is preferred for flexibility.
2. What is the purpose of volatile?
- Prevents caching of variable so all threads see latest value.
3. How does synchronized work?
- It locks a block or method so only one thread can access it at a time.
4. What is deadlock?
- When two or more threads wait for each other to release resources, causing a standstill.

2. Java 8

- Lambda Expressions: `() -> {}` for functional-style code


- Functional Interfaces: Interface with a single abstract method (`@FunctionalInterface`)
- Streams API: Allows functional-style operations like map, filter, reduce
- Optional: Avoids null pointer exceptions
- Default and Static methods in Interfaces

Interview Questions:
1. What is a functional interface?
- An interface with a single abstract method (e.g., Runnable, Comparator).
2. Difference between map and flatMap?
- map transforms each element, flatMap flattens the result.
3. How does Optional prevent NullPointerException?
- Provides a wrapper with methods like isPresent(), orElse().

3. Spring Boot

- @SpringBootApplication: Combines @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan


- @Component, @Service, @Repository: Bean stereotypes
Java Backend Interview Prep Notes

- application.properties: Central config for DB, ports, logging


- Dependency Injection via @Autowired
- @ControllerAdvice and @ExceptionHandler for global exception handling

Interview Questions:
1. How is Spring Boot different from Spring?
- It reduces boilerplate and config with auto-configuration and starters.
2. How to create REST endpoints in Spring Boot?
- Use @RestController, @GetMapping, @PostMapping, etc.
3. What is the purpose of application.properties?
- Configure database, server port, logging, etc.

4. RESTful Web Services

- HTTP methods: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH


- Status codes: 200 OK, 201 Created, 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 404 Not Found, 500 Server Error
- @RestController: Combines @Controller and @ResponseBody
- @RequestParam, @PathVariable for handling input
- Swagger: API documentation tool

Interview Questions:
1. Difference between @RequestParam and @PathVariable?
- RequestParam is for query parameters; PathVariable is for URL segments.
2. How to validate a request body?
- Use @Valid and Bean Validation API (e.g., @NotNull, @Size).
3. How to handle exceptions in REST API?
- Use @ControllerAdvice and @ExceptionHandler.

5. Microservices

- Architecture: Decentralized, independently deployable services


- Communication: REST, gRPC, Messaging (Kafka, RabbitMQ)
- Service Discovery: Eureka
- API Gateway: Spring Cloud Gateway
- Resilience: Circuit Breaker (Resilience4j), Retry
- Centralized Config: Spring Cloud Config
- Monitoring: Actuator, Prometheus

Interview Questions:
1. How are microservices different from monoliths?
Java Backend Interview Prep Notes

- Microservices are loosely coupled and independently deployable.


2. What is service discovery?
- Services register themselves and discover others via registry like Eureka.
3. How do you handle failure between services?
- Retry, Circuit Breaker, fallback methods.
4. How do microservices communicate?
- REST, message queues, gRPC.

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