UNIT WISE MCQ QUESTION BANK

CLASS: T.Y. B. Tech SUBJECT: EFT

UNIT – 4 Transmission Lines

Transmission Line Equations

1. Which of the following parameters does not exist in the transmission line equation?
a) R
b) Zo
c) ZL
d) Propagation constant

Answer: a
Explanation: The transmission line equation consists of secondary parameters only, which are
derived from the primary parameters. The propagation constant, load impedance and the
characteristic impedance are related in the transmission line equation.

2. For an infinite transmission line, the characteristic impedance is given by 50 ohm. Find the
input impedance.
a) 25
b) 100
c) 2500
d) 50

Answer: d
Explanation: From the transmission line equation, the infinite line will have an input impedance
same as that of the characteristic impedance. Thus Zin = Zo for l->∞. This shows that the line will
be matched. The input impedance for the given case is 50 ohm.

3. The best transmission length for effective transmission of power is

a) L = λ/4
b) L = λ/8
c) L = λ/2
d) L = ∞

Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum transmission of power will occur, when the transmission line is matched.
This implies that the input and characteristic impedances are the same. This condition is possible
for l = λ/8 and l = ∞. Since l = ∞ is not feasible, the best option is l = λ/8.

4. When the length of the transmission line is same as that of the wavelength, then which
condition holds good?
a) Zin = Zo
b) Z = Zo
c) ZL = Zo
d) Zin = ZL

Answer: d
Explanation: When the transmission line has a length same as that of the wavelength of the wave
propagating through it, the input impedance will be same as the load impedance. This is the case
where the wave is not amplified. The transmission line acts as a buffer.

5. The input impedance of a half wave transmission line with a load impedance of 12.5 ohm is
a) 25
b) 50
c) 6.25
d) 12.5

Answer: d
Explanation: For a half wave transmission line L = λ/2, the input and the load impedances will be
the same. Thus for the given data, the input impedance will be 12.5 ohm.

6. The condition for a quarter wave transformer is

a) Zo2 = Zin ZL
b) Zo = Zin ZL
c) ZL2 = Zin Zo
d) Zo = Zin

Answer: a
Explanation: The quarter wave transformer represents L = λ/4. In this case, the characteristic
impedance is the geometric mean of the input and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL is the
required condition.

7. Find the characteristic impedance of a quarter wave with input and load impedances given by
50 and 25 respectively.
a) 50
b) 25
c) 75
d) 35.35

Answer: d
Explanation: For a quarter line wave, the characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of input
and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zin = 50 and ZL = 25, we get Zo2 =
50 x 25. The characteristic impedance will be 35.35 ohm.

8. Find the load impedance in a quarter line transformer with characteristic impedance of 75 ohm
and input impedance of 200 ohm.
a) 28.125
b) 12.285
c) 52.185
d) 85.128

Answer: a
Explanation: For a quarter line wave, the characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of input
and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zo = 75 and Zin = 200, we get ZL =
Zo2/Zin = 752/200 = 28.125 ohm.

9. The reflection coefficient of a perfectly matched transmission line is

a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) ∞

Answer: c
Explanation: In a perfectly matched line, maximum power transfer will occur. Losses will be
minimal. This implies unity transmission coefficient and zero reflection coefficient.

10. The purpose of the transmission line equation is to

a) Find primary parameters
b) Find secondary parameters
c) Find the reflection cofficient
d) Impedance matching

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line equation is useful in finding the length of the line which gives
maximum power transfer. Thus it is useful for impedance matching.

11. The quarter wave transformer can be considered as a

a) Impedance inverter
b) Impedance doubler
c) Impedance tripler
d) Impedance quadrupler

Answer: a
Explanation: A quarter wave transformer may be considered as an impedance inverter as it can
transform a low impedance into a high impedance and vice-versa.

12. Which transmission line is called as one to one transformer?

a) L = λ
b) L = λ/2
c) L = λ/4
d) L = λ/8

Answer: b
Explanation: The half wave transformer line repeats its terminating impedance. In other words,
when l = λ/2, Zin = ZL. Thus it is considered to be one to one transformer.

Input and Characteristic Impedances

1. The characteristic impedance of a quarter wave transformer with load and input impedances
given by 30 and 75 respectively is
a) 47.43
b) 37.34
c) 73.23
d) 67.45

Answer: a
Explanation: In quarter wave transformer, the characteristic impedance will be the geometric
mean of the input impedance and the load impedance. Thus Zo2 = ZIN ZL. On substituting for ZIN =
75 and ZL = 30, we get the characteristic impedance as 47.43 units.

2. The input impedance of a quarter wave line 50 ohm and load impedance of 20 ohm is
a) 50
b) 20
c) 1000
d) 125

Answer: d
Explanation: The characteristic impedance will be the geometric mean of the input impedance
and the load impedance. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zo = 50 and ZL = 20, we get the
input impedance as 502/20 = 125 ohm.

3. For a matched line, the input impedance will be equal to

a) Load impedance
b) Characteristic impedance
c) Output impedance
d) Zero

Answer: b
Explanation: A matched line refers to the input and characteristic impedance being the same. In
such condition, maximum transmission will occur with minimal losses. The reflection will be very
low.

4. The reflection coefficient lies in the range of

a) 0 < τ < 1
b) -1 < τ < 1
c) 1 < τ < ∞
d) 0 < τ < ∞

Answer: a
Explanation: The reflection coefficient lies in the range of 0 < τ < 1. For full transmission, the
reflection will be zero. For no transmission, the reflection will be unity.

5. When the ratio of load voltage to input voltage is 5, the ratio of the characteristic impedance to
the input impedance is
a) 1/5
b) 5
c) 10
d) 25

Answer: b
Explanation: From the transmission line equation, the ratio of the load voltage to the input voltage
is same as the ratio of the characteristic impedance to the input impedance. Thus the required
ratio is 5.

6. The power of the transmitter with a radiation resistance of 12 ohm and an antenna current of
3.5A is
a) 147
b) 741
c) 174
d) 471

Answer: a
Explanation: The power in a transmitter is given by Prad = Iant2 Rrad. On substituting Irad = 3.5
and Rrad =12, we get Prad = 3.52 x 12 = 147 units.

7. The group delay of the wave with phase constant of 62.5 units and frequency of 4.5 radian/sec
is
a) 13.88
b) 31.88
c) 88.13
d) 88.31

Answer: a
Explanation: The group delay is given by td = β/ω. Given that β = 62.5 and ω = 4.5, we get the
group delay as td = 62.5/4.5 = 13.88 units.

8. The maximum impedance of a transmission line 50 ohm and the standing wave ratio of 2.5 is
a) 20
b) 125
c) 200
d) 75

Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum impedance of a line is given by Zmax = SZo. On substituting for S =
2.5 and Zo = 50, we get Zmax = 2.5 x 50 = 125 ohm.

9. The minimum impedance of a transmission line 75 ohm with a standing wave ratio of 4 is
a) 75
b) 300
c) 18.75
d) 150

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum impedance of a line is given by Zmin = Zo/S. On substituting for Zo =
75 and S = 4, we get Zmin = 75/4 = 18.75 units.

10. The average power in an electromagnetic wave is given by

a) propagation constant
b) poynting vector
c) phase constant
d) attenuation constant

Answer: b
Explanation: The Poynting vector is the cross product of the electric field and magnetic field
intensities. It gives the total power of an electromagnetic wave.

11. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is normally chosen to be

a) 50
b) 75
c) 50 or 75
d) 100

Answer: c
Explanation: The characteristic impedance is always 50 ohm or 75 ohm for a transmission line.
This is because of the GHz range of operation and the load impedences employed.

12. Identify the material which is not present in a transmission line setup.
a) waveguides
b) cavity resonator
c) antenna
d) oscillator

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line setup consists of antennae for transmitting and receiving
power. It consists of waveguides and cavity resonator for guided transmission of electromagnetic
waves. Thus oscillator is the odd one out.

Standing Waves and VSWR

1. Standing waves occurs due to
a) Impedance match
b) Impedance mismatch
c) Reflection
d) Transmission

Answer: b
Explanation: Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line. It
shows the variation of the wave amplitudes due to mismatching.

2. Standing wave ratio is defined as the

a) Ratio of voltage maxima to voltage minima
b) Ratio of current maxima to current minima
c) Product of voltage maxima and voltage minima
d) Product of current maxima and current minima

Answer: a
Explanation: SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave’s amplitude at an antinode
(maximum) to the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the line. It is given by S = V MAX/VMIN.
3. Given that the reflection coefficient is 0.6. Find the SWR.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between reflection coefficient and SWR is given by S = 1 + R/1 – R. On
substituting for R = 0.6, we get S = 1 + 0.6/1 – 0.6 = 1.6/0.4 = 4.

4. The maxima and minima voltage of the standing wave are 6 and 2 respectively. The standing
wave ratio is
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1/2
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: The ratio of voltage maxima to voltage minima is given by the standing wave ratio
SWR. Thus S = VMAX/VMIN. On substituting the given data, we get S = 6/2 = 3.

5. Find the standing wave ratio, when a load impedance of 250 ohm is connected to a 75 ohm
line.
a) 0.3
b) 75
c) 250
d) 3.33

Answer: d
Explanation: The standing wave ratio is the ratio of the load impedance to the characteristic
impedance. Thus S = ZL/Zo. On substituting for ZL = 250 and Zo = 75, we get S = 250/75 = 3.33.

6. Find the reflection coefficient of the wave with SWR of 3.5.

a) 0.55
b) 0.23
c) 0.48
d) 0.68

Answer: a
Explanation: The reflection coefficient in terms of the SWR is given by R = S – 1/S + 1. On
substituting for S = 3.5, we get 3.5 – 1/3.5 + 1 = 0.55.

7. The range of the standing wave ratio is

a) 0 < S < 1
b) -1 < S < 1
c) 1 < S < ∞
d) 0 < S < ∞
Answer: c
Explanation: The standing wave ratio is given by S = 1 – R/1 + R. Thus the minimum value of S is
1. It can extend upto infinity for long lines. Thus the range is 1 < S < ∞.

8. For matched line, the standing wave ratio will be

a) 0
b) ∞
c) -1
d) 1

Answer: d
Explanation: In a matched line, maximum transmission occurs. The reflection will be zero. The
standing wave ratio S = 1 – R/1 + R. For R = 0, the SWR is unity for matched line.

9. The maximum impedance of a 50 ohm transmission line with SWR of 3 is

a) 50/3
b) 3/50
c) 150
d) 450

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum impedance is given by the product of the characteristic impedance
and the SWR. Thus Zmax = S Zo. On substituting for S = 3 and Zo = 50, we get ZMAX = 3 X 50 = 150
units.

10. The minimum impedance of a 75 ohm transmission line with a SWR of 2.5 is
a) 100
b) 50
c) 25
d) 30

Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum impedance in terms of SWR is given by Z MIN = Zo/S. Substituting the
given data for S = 2.5 and Zo = 75, we get Zmin = 75/2.5 = 30.

11. The standing wave ratio of short circuited and open circuited lines will be
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line will reflect high power when it is short or circuited. This will
lead to high reflection coefficient. Thus the standing wave ratio will be infinity for these extreme
cases.

12. The current reflection coefficient of a line with voltage reflection coefficient of 0.65 is given by
a) 0
b) 0.65
c) -0.65
d) 0.35

Answer: c
Explanation: The current reflection coefficient at any point on the line is the negative of the
voltage reflection coefficient at that point, i.e, -R. Given that the voltage reflection coefficient is
0.65, thus the current reflection coefficient is -0.65.

Smith Chart
1. The Smith chart is a polar chart which plots
a) R vs Z
b) R vs Znorm
c) T vs Z
d) T vs Znorm

Answer: b
Explanation: The Smith chart is a frequency domain plot. It is the polar chart of the reflection
coefficient R with respect to the normalised impedance Znorm.

2. The Smith chart is graphical technique used in the scenario of transmission lines. State
true/false.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The Smith chart is used for calculating the reflection coefficient and standing wave
ratio for normalised load impedance of a transmission line.

3. The Smith chart consists of the

a) Constant R and variable X circles
b) Variable R and constant X circles
c) Constant R and constant X circles
d) Variable R and variable X circles

Answer: c
Explanation: The Smith chart consists of the constant resistance circles and the constant
reactance circles. The impedances are plotted using these circles. Also stub matching can be
done using the Smith chart.

4. The circles in the Smith chart pass through which point?

a) (0,1)
b) (0,-1)
c) (-1,0)
d) (1,0)

Answer: d
Explanation: All the constant resistance and reactance circles in the Smith chart pass through the
(1,0) point. This is the midpoint of the Smith Chart. The resistance is unity and reactance is zero
at this point.
5. Moving towards the clockwise direction in the Smith chart implies moving
a) Towards generator
b) Towards load
c) Towards stub
d) Towards waveguide

Answer: a
Explanation: On moving towards the clockwise direction in the Smith chart, we are traversing
towards the generator. This is used to calculate the normalised load impedance.

6. The centre of the point having a normalised resistance of 1.2 ohm and reactance of 1.5 ohm is
a) (0.54,0)
b) (0.45,0)
c) (0.36,0)
d) (0.78,0)

Answer: a
Explanation: The centre of a point in Smith chart is given by C = (r/1+r, 0). On substituting for r =
1.2, we get centre as (1.2/1+1.2,0) = (0.54,0).

7. The normalised load impedance of the transmission line 50 ohm with a load of 30 ohm is
a) 30
b) 150
c) 5/3
d) 3/5

Answer: d
Explanation: The normalised impedance is calculated by dividing the impedance with the
characteristic impedance. Given that the load impedance is 30 ohm, the normalised load
impedance of the 50 ohm transmission line is 30/50 = 3/5 ohm.

8. The radius of the point having a normalised resistance of 1 ohm is

a) 1
b) 0.2
c) 0.5
d) 0.25

Answer: c
Explanation: The radius of the point with a radius r is given by R = 1/r+1. On substituting for r = 1,
we get R = 1/1 + 1 = ½ = 0.5.

9. The best stub selection for the transmission line will be

a) Series open
b) Series short
c) Shunt open
d) Shunt short

Answer: d
Explanation: Normally series stubs are not preferred as modification of the stub parameters
requires changing the whole stub setup. Shunt stubs enable modification with ease. Open
circuited stubs are not preferred as it will radiate power like an antenna, which is undesirable.
Hence shorted stubs are used.

10. The centre and radius of a line with normalised load impedance of 1 + 0.5j is
a) (1,2) and 2
b) (2,1) and 2
c) (1,2) and 1
d) (2,1) and 1

Answer: a
Explanation: The centre and radius of a line are (1, 1/x) and 1/x, where x is the reactance. Here x
= 0.5, from the given data. Thus C = (1,2) and R = 2.

Space for rough work