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Test Wave 2024

The document contains a series of questions related to wave mechanics and oscillations, including topics such as amplitude and velocity resonance, power factor, wave equations, and harmonic frequencies. It also covers concepts like forced vibrations, superposition of harmonic motions, and the relationship between wave and group velocities. Additionally, it discusses stationary waves, maximum displacements, and the effects of tension on harmonic frequencies.

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Harsh Bhowal
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4 views3 pages

Test Wave 2024

The document contains a series of questions related to wave mechanics and oscillations, including topics such as amplitude and velocity resonance, power factor, wave equations, and harmonic frequencies. It also covers concepts like forced vibrations, superposition of harmonic motions, and the relationship between wave and group velocities. Additionally, it discusses stationary waves, maximum displacements, and the effects of tension on harmonic frequencies.

Uploaded by

Harsh Bhowal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP A

1. Answer the following questions 3X4=12

a)Write down differences between amplitude and velocity resonance.


b) Define power factor What is its value at velocity resonance?
𝜕2𝑦 1 𝜕2 𝑦
c)Consider the wave equation 𝜕𝑥 2 = 𝑣2 𝜕𝑡 2 . Show that 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡) is a solution of the wave
equation where 𝜔 = 𝑘𝑣.
d)suppose a string string is plucked at 𝑙/4 and simultaneously touched at 𝑙/2. What are the lowest
frequency and the next harmonic excited?
GROUP A

Answer any four 12X4=48

2) a)Obtain the eqation of motion for the particle under damped condition.
b) Show that with initial velocity zero and displacement 𝑥0 ,the solution becomes , the critically damped
solution becomes,
𝑥 = 𝑥0 (1 + 𝜔0 𝑡)𝑒 −𝜔0𝑡

c) Show that for such a motion if the initial displacement is zero and the initial velocity is non-zero, then
the time at which the oscillator stops is independent of the initial velocity. Hence show that the
maximum displacement.
𝑣0
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑒𝜔0
d) A mass of 20gm is acted on by a restoring force of 5 dynes/cm and a resisting force of 2 dyne-sec/cm.
(𝑖)Find whether the motion is a periodic or oscillatory.
(𝑖𝑖) What value of the resisting force will make the motion critically damped ( with the restoring force
remaining the same. 2+3+3+(2+2)

3a) Set up the differential equation for a particle under forced vibration. Obtain the solution for small
damping.
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝜔2
b) Show that in forced vibration = 𝜔2
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 0
c) Plot power with frequency for two different damping constants and calculate the maximum power.
Which one of the curves in 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 − 𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑡 corresponds more closely to the response curve of our ear-
drum.
d)If under damped oscillation displacement of 10 cm reduces to 1 cm after 100 cycles. Calculate
undamped amplitude.

4+4+2+2

4) a) A number of SHMs, all in the same straight line and having equal amplitude and frequency but an
equal phase difference 𝜃 between the consecutive SHMs are superimposed. Calculate the amplitude and
phase of the resultant motion using complex form of representation.
b) Two mutually perpendicular oscillations are represented by
𝑋(𝑡) = 𝐴1 sin 𝜔𝑡
𝑌(𝑡) = 𝐴2 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙)
3𝜋
sketch the Lissajous figures for the motion when (𝑖)𝜙 = 𝜋 (𝑖𝑖)𝜙 = 2

c) Show that a SHM can be considered as the superposition of two equal and opposite identical circular
motions.
d) Show that the momentum of a particle under SHM is plotted against its displacement is an ellipse.
e) Calculate the phase difference between the component waves(fig 1);
3+2+3+ 2+2

5) a) Write down the mathematical expressions for a progressive and a stationary wave.Explain why your
expressions imply a progressive and a stationary wave respectively.
a)Define wave and group velocity. Find a relation among them.
b)Calculate of group velocity. Find the expression of group velocity from superposition of plane waves.
c) The dispersion relation for transverse waves propagating in a medium is given by 𝜔2 = 𝜔𝑝2 + 𝑘 2 𝑐 2
where the symbols have their usual meanings. Show that 𝑣𝑔 𝑣𝑝 = 𝑐 2 . 2+4+3+3

6) a)Two plane progressive waves are given as,


𝑦1 = 𝑎1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥); 𝑦2 = 𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + 𝑘𝑥), 𝑎1 > 𝑎2
Prove that resultant wave consists a stationary wave together with a progressive wave moving along 𝑥-
axis.
b)For stationary waves on a stretched string, solution of the equation, giving displacement at a point 𝑥 at
a time 𝑡, is given by
∞

𝑦𝑥,𝑡 = ∑ 𝑌𝑠
𝑠=1
∞
𝐴 𝑠𝜋𝑎 𝑠𝜋𝑥 𝑠𝜋𝑐𝑡
=∑ 2
sin sin cos
𝑆 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙
𝑠=1
Where 𝑥 = 𝑎, the point of excitation and 𝑐 is velocity of propagation of wave in string. Other
notations have usual significance.
a) Find the maximum displacement of the 3rd harmonic and draw it.
b) Write down the initial condition of displacement and velocity of such string.
c) What happens if the string after excitation be touched at the same point 𝑥 = 𝑎?
d) Sound of struck string is sweeter in note than plucked string- explain.
e) If tension on the string is increased by 8𝑁, the third harmonic becomes the fundamental.
Calculate the initial tension. 2+ 2+2+2+2+2

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