1. Write a program to draw Square, Rectangle, Triangle and Circle.

Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, “..//bgi”);
//Square
line(400,300,550,300);
line(400,300,400,450);
line(550,300,550,450);
line(400,450,550,450);
//Rectangle
line(400,100,600,100);
line(400,100,400,200);
line(400,200,600,200);
line(600,100,600,200);
//Triangle
line(140,290,50,450);
line(140,290,230,450);
line(50,450,230,450);
//Circle
circle(140,150,80);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Input and Output Section :-
2. Write a program to draw a Human Face.
Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
Void main ()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
circle(250, 200, 100);
circle(220, 170, 10);
circle(280, 170, 10);
arc(250, 200, 200, 340, 40);
line(250, 180, 250, 220);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Input and Output Section :-

3. Write a program to draw a House.
Program :-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include<graphics,h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
rectangle(150, 200, 350, 400);
rectangle(200, 300, 250, 400);
line(150, 200, 250, 100);
line(250, 100, 350, 200);
rectangle(275, 250, 325, 300);
getch ();
closegraph ();
}

Input and Output Section :-

4. Write a program to draw a Car.
Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
rectangle(100, 200, 300, 250);
rectangle(150, 150, 250, 200);
circle(150, 260, 15);
circle(250, 260, 15);
getch();
closegraph();
}
 Input and Output Section :-

5. Write a program to draw a line using DDA line drawing algorithm.

Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int gd = DETECT, gm,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi ");
setbkcolor(GREEN);
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
float x, y, dx, dy, length;
printf("Enter x1 & y1");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter x2 &y2");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
dx =(float)(x2 - x1);
dy =(float)(y2 - y1);
if(dx>=dy){
length=dx;
}
else
{
length=dy;
}
dx=dx/length;
dy=dy/length;
x=x1+0.5;
y=y1+0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=length)
{
putpixel(x,y,RED);
x=x+dx;
y=y+dy;
i=i+1;
delay(100);
}
getch();
}
 Input and output Section :-

6. Write a program to draw a line using Bresenham’s line drawing

algorithm.
Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm, x0, y0, x1, y1;
int dx, dy, p, x, y;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
printf("Enter co-ordinates of first point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x0, &y0);
printf("Enter co-ordinates of second point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x1, &y1);
dx=abs(x1-x0);
dy=abs(y1-y0);
x=x0;
y=y0;
p=2*dy-dx;
while(x<x1)
{
if(p<0)
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
p=p+2*dy;
}
Else
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
y=y+1;
p=p+2*dy-2*dx;
}
x=x+1;
delay(50);
}
getch();
}

Input and Output Section :-

7. Write a program to draw a circle using Bresenham’s circle drawing
algorithm.
Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void BresenhamCircle(int xc,int yc, int r)
{
int x,y,dp;
x=0;
y=r;
dp=3-(2*r);
for(x=0;x<=y;x++)
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,YELLOW);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,RED);
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,GREEN);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,BLUE);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,BROWN);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,BLACK);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,CYAN);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,MAGENTA);
delay(50);
if(dp<0){
dp=dp+(4 * x)+6;
}
else{
y=y-1;
dp=dp +4 *(x-y)+10;
}
}
}
void main()
{
int xc,yc,r;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi ");
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the co-ordinates of center : ");
scanf("%d %d",&xc,&yc);
printf("\nEnter the radius: ");
scanf("%d",&r);
BresenhamCircle(xc,yc,r);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Input and Output Section :-

8. Write a program to draw a circle using Midpoint circle drawing

algorithm.
Program :-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void drawCircle(int xc, int yc, int r)
{
int x = 0, y = r;
int p = 1 - r;
while (x <= y) {
putpixel(xc + x, yc + y, RED);
putpixel(xc - x, yc + y, YELLOW);
putpixel(xc + x, yc - y, GREEN);
putpixel(xc - x, yc - y, BLUE);
putpixel(xc + y, yc + x, CYAN);
putpixel(xc - y, yc + x, WHITE);
putpixel(xc + y, yc - x, BROWN);
putpixel(xc - y, yc - x, MAGENTA);
if (p < 0)
p += 2 * x + 3;
else
{
p += 2 * (x - y) + 5;
y--;
}
x++;
}
}
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
drawCircle(250, 250, 100);
getch();
closegraph();
}
 Input and Output Section :-

9. Write a program to draw an Ellipse using Ellispse generation algorithm.

Program :-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
ellipse(250, 250, 0, 360, 100, 50); // center (250,250), x-radius=100, y-radius=50
getch();
closegraph();
}

Input and Output Section :-

10. Write a program to draw an area using Flood fill algorithm.

Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void flood(int x, int y, int n_color, int o_color)
{
int current=getpixel(x,y);
if(current == o_color)
{
putpixel(x, y, n_color);
flood(x + 1, y, n_color, o_color);
flood(x-1, y , n_color, o_color);
flood(x , y+1, n_color, o_color);
flood(x, y - 1, n_color, o_color);
}
}
void main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
// Rectangle function
setcolor(13);
rectangle(50, 50, 75, 100);
rectangle(75,50,100,100);
rectangle(100,50,125,100);
rectangle(150,100,125,50);
// Function calling
flood(60, 60, 1,0);
flood(80, 80, 4,0);
flood(110, 90, 14,0);
flood(130, 60, 2,0);
getch();
closegraph();
}
 Input and Output Section :-

11. Write a program to draw an area using Boundary fill algorithm.

Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void boundaryFill8(int x, int y, int f_color,int b_color)
{
int current=getpixel(x,y);
if(current!= b_color && current != f_color)
{
putpixel(x, y, f_color);
boundaryFill8(x + 1, y, f_color, b_color);
boundaryFill8(x, y + 1, f_color, b_color);
boundaryFill8(x - 1, y, f_color, b_color);
boundaryFill8(x, y - 1, f_color, b_color);
boundaryFill8(x - 1, y - 1, f_color, b_color);
boundaryFill8(x - 1, y + 1, f_color, b_color);
boundaryFill8(x + 1, y - 1, f_color, b_color);
boundaryFill8(x + 1, y + 1, f_color, b_color);
}
}
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi");
// Rectangle function
rectangle(50, 50, 75, 100);
rectangle(75,50,100,100);
rectangle(100,50,125,100);
rectangle(125,50,150,100);
// Function calling
boundaryFill8(60, 60, 1,15);
boundaryFill8(80, 80, 4,15);
boundaryFill8(110, 90, 14,15);
boundaryFill8(130, 60, 2,15);
//color
getch();
closegraph();
}

Input and Output Section :-

12. Write a program to clip a line using cohen and Sutherland line clippling
algorithm.
Program :-
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
{
int rcode_begin[4]={0,0,0,0},rcode_end[4]={0,0,0,0},region_code[4];
int W_xmax,W_ymax,W_xmin,W_ymin,flag=0;
float slope;
int x,y,x1,y1,i, xc,yc;
int gr=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gr,&gm,"..\\bgi ");
printf("\n****** Cohen Sutherlsnd Line Clipping algorithm ***********");
printf("\n Now, enter XMin, YMin =");
scanf("%d %d",&W_xmin,&W_ymin);
printf("\n First enter XMax, YMax =");
scanf("%d %d",&W_xmax,&W_ymax);
printf("\n Please enter intial point x and y= ");
scanf("%d %d",&x,&y);
printf("\n Now, enter final point x1 and y1= ");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
cleardevice();
rectangle(W_xmin,W_ymin,W_xmax,W_ymax);
line(x,y,x1,y1);
line(0,0,600,0);
line(0,0,0,600);
if(y>W_ymax)
{
rcode_begin[0]=1; // Top
flag=1 ;
}
if(y<W_ymin)
{
rcode_begin[1]=1; // Bottom
flag=1;
}
if(x>W_xmax)
{
rcode_begin[2]=1; // Right
flag=1;
}
if(x<W_xmin)
{
rcode_begin[3]=1; //Left
flag=1;
}
//end point of Line
if(y1>W_ymax)
{
rcode_end[0]=1; // Top
flag=1;
}
if(y1<W_ymin)
{
rcode_end[1]=1; // Bottom
flag=1;
}
if(x1>W_xmax)
{
rcode_end[2]=1; // Right
flag=1;
}
if(x1<W_xmin)
{
rcode_end[3]=1; //Left
flag=1;
}
if(flag==0)
{
printf("No need of clipping as it is already in window");
}
flag=1;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
region_code[i]= rcode_begin[i] && rcode_end[i] ;
if(region_code[i]==1)
flag=0;
}
if(flag==0)
{
printf("\n Line is completely outside the window");
}
else{
slope=(float)(y1-y)/(x1-x);
if(rcode_begin[2]==0 && rcode_begin[3]==1) //left
{
y=y+(float) (W_xmin-x)*slope ;
x=W_xmin;
}
if(rcode_begin[2]==1 && rcode_begin[3]==0) // right
{
y=y+(float) (W_xmax-x)*slope ;
x=W_xmax;
}
if(rcode_begin[0]==1 && rcode_begin[1]==0) // top
{
x=x+(float) (W_ymax-y)/slope ;
y=W_ymax;
}
if(rcode_begin[0]==0 && rcode_begin[1]==1) // bottom
{
x=x+(float) (W_ymin-y)/slope ;
y=W_ymin;
}
// end points
if(rcode_end[2]==0 && rcode_end[3]==1) //left
{
y1=y1+(float) (W_xmin-x1)*slope ;
x1=W_xmin;
}
if(rcode_end[2]==1 && rcode_end[3]==0) // right
{
y1=y1+(float) (W_xmax-x1)*slope ;
x1=W_xmax;
}
if(rcode_end[0]==1 && rcode_end[1]==0) // top
{
x1=x1+(float) (W_ymax-y1)/slope ;
y1=W_ymax;
}
if(rcode_end[0]==0 && rcode_end[1]==1) // bottom
{
x1=x1+(float) (W_ymin-y1)/slope ;
y1=W_ymin;
}
}
delay(10000);
clearviewport();
rectangle(W_xmin,W_ymin,W_xmax,W_ymax);
line(0,0,600,0);
line(0,0,0,600);
setcolor(RED);
line(x,y,x1,y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Input and Output Section :-

13. Write a program menu driven to show all the standards of 2D

reflection.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int x[20], y[20], X[20], Y[20], a, b, n;
void output(int n);
void reflection_x_axis(int n);
void reflection_y_axis(int n);
void reflection_origin(int n);
void reflection_yETngtvx(int n);
void reflection_yETpstvx(int n);
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm, i, j, ch, s, r, tx, ty, sx, sy, shx, shy, c;
float theta;
//clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");
printf("****** 2-D Transformation ******");
printf("\nEnter how many co-ordinate:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("Enter Co-ordinate No %d :",i);
scanf("%d%d", &x[i],&y[i]);
}
do
{
a=getmaxx()/2;
b=getmaxy()/2;
line(a,0,a,2*b);
line(0,b,2*a,b);
setcolor(GREEN);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[j],b-y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[1],b-y[1]);
}
}
printf("\n 1.Reflection w.r.t. x-axis:");
printf("\n 2.Reflection w.r.t. y-axis:");
printf("\n 3.Reflection w.r.t. origin:");
printf("\n 4.Reflection w.r.t. y=x:");
printf("\n 5.Reflection w.r.t y=-x");
printf("\n 6.exit:");
printf("\nEnter Your Choice for Transformation:::: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
clrscr();
reflection_x_axis(n);
output(n);
break;
case 2:
clrscr();
reflection_y_axis(n);
output(n);
break;
case 3:
clrscr();
 reflection_origin(n);
output(n);
break;
case 4:
clrscr();
reflection_yETpstvx(n);
output(n);
break;
case 5:
clrscr();
reflection_yETngtvx(n);
output(n);
break;
default:
printf("wrong chooise::!!!");
}
}
while(ch!=6);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void output(int n)
{
setcolor(RED);
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[j],b-Y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[1],b-Y[1]);
}
}
}
void reflection_x_axis(int n)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=x[i];
Y[i]=-y[i];
}
}
void reflection_y_axis(int n)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=-x[i];
Y[i]=y[i];
}
}
void reflection_origin(int n)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=-x[i];
Y[i]=-y[i];
}
}
void reflection_yETngtvx(int n)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=-y[i];
Y[i]=-x[i];
}
}
void reflection_yETpstvx(int n)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=y[i];
Y[i]=x[i];
}
}
Write a program to perform the following transformation on a polygon (menu driven
program)
(i) Rotation with respect to an arbitrary point.
(ii) Translation with respect to origin.
Program :-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int x[20], y[20], X[20], Y[20], a, b, n;
void output(int n);
void translation(int tx,int ty);
void rotation_arbitary(float theta);
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm, i, j, ch, s, r, tx, ty, sx, sy, shx, shy, c;
float theta;
//clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");
printf("****** 2-D Transformation ******");
printf("\nEnter how many co-ordinate:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("Enter Co-ordinate No %d :",i);
scanf("%d%d", &x[i],&y[i]);
}
do
{
a=getmaxx()/2;
b=getmaxy()/2;
line(a,0,a,2*b);
line(0,b,2*a,b);
setcolor(GREEN);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[j],b-y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[1],b-y[1]);
}
}
printf("\n 1.Translation:");
printf("\n 2.Rotaion w.r.t. arbitary:");
printf("\n 3.exit:");
printf("\nEnter Your Choice for Transformation:::: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter translating factor:");
scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);
translation(tx,ty);
output(n);
break;
case 2:
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the angle of rotation:");
scanf("%f",&theta);
rotation_arbitary(theta);
output(n);
break;
case 3:
break;
default:
printf("wrong chooise::!!!");
}
}
while(ch!=3);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void output(int n)
{
setcolor(RED);
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[j],b-Y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[1],b-Y[1]);
}
}
}
void translation(int tx,int ty)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=x[i]+tx;
Y[i]=y[i]+ty;
}
}
void rotation_arbitary(float theta){
int xr,yr;
printf("Enter the fixed point: \n");
scanf("%d%d",&xr,&yr);
theta=(3.14*theta)/180.0;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=xr+((x[i]-xr)*cos(theta))-((y[i]-yr)*sin(theta));
Y[i]=yr+((x[i]-xr)*sin(theta))+((y[i]-yr)*cos(theta));
}
}
Write a program to implement 2D scaling of a rectangle with respect to origin and
arbitrary point.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int x[20], y[20], X[20], Y[20], a, b, n;
void output(int n);
void scalling_origin(int sx,int sy);
void scalling_arbitary(int sx,int sy);
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm, i, j, ch, s, r, tx, ty, sx, sy, shx, shy, c;
float theta;
//clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");
printf("****** 2-D Transformation ******");
printf("\nEnter how many co-ordinate:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("Enter Co-ordinate No %d :",i);
scanf("%d%d", &x[i],&y[i]);
}
do
{
a=getmaxx()/2;
b=getmaxy()/2;
line(a,0,a,2*b);
line(0,b,2*a,b);
setcolor(GREEN);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[j],b-y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[1],b-y[1]);
}
}
printf("\n 1.Scalling with respect to origin:");
printf("\n 2.Scalling with respect to arbitary:");
printf("\n 3.exit:");
printf("\nEnter Your Choice for Transformation:::: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter scalling Factor:");
scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);
scalling_origin(sx,sy);
output(n);
break;
case 2:
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter scalling Factor:");
scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);
scalling_arbitary(sx,sy);
output(n);
break;
case 3:
break;
default:
printf("wrong chooise::!!!");
}
}
while(ch!=3);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void output(int n)
{
setcolor(RED);
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[j],b-Y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[1],b-Y[1]);
}
}
}
void scalling_origin(int sx,int sy)
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=x[i]*sx;
Y[i]=y[i]*sy;
}
}
void scalling_arbitary(int sx,int sy) {
int i,xf,yf;
printf("Enter fixed point:");
scanf("%d%d",&xf,&yf);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=xf+(x[i]-xf)*sx;
Y[i]=yf+(y[i]-yf)*sy;
}
}
Write a program to implement 2D shearing of a triangle with respect to X -axis and Y-axis.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int x[20], y[20], X[20], Y[20], a, b, n;
void output(int n);
void shearing_x_axis(int shx);
void shearing_y_axis(int shy);
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm, i, j, ch, s, r, tx, ty, sx, sy, shx, shy, c;
float theta;
//clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");
printf("****** 2-D Transformation ******");
printf("\nEnter how many co-ordinate:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
printf("Enter Co-ordinate No %d :",i);
scanf("%d%d", &x[i],&y[i]);
}
do
{
a=getmaxx()/2;
b=getmaxy()/2;
line(a,0,a,2*b);
line(0,b,2*a,b);
setcolor(GREEN);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[j],b-y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+x[i],b-y[i],a+x[1],b-y[1]);
}
}
printf("\n 1.shearing w.r.t. x-axis:");
printf("\n 2.shearing w.r.t. y-axis:");
printf("\n 3.exit:");
printf("\nEnter Your Choice for Transformation:::: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
clrscr();
printf("\n*************************************************");
printf("\nEnter the shearing Factor:");
scanf("%d",&shx);
shearing_x_axis(shx);
 output(n);
break;
case 2:
clrscr();
printf("\n*************************************************");
printf("\nEnter the shearing Factor:");
scanf("%d",&shy);
shearing_y_axis(shy);
output(n);
break;
case 3:
break;
default:
printf("wrong chooise::!!!");
}
}
while(ch!=3);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void output(int n)
{
setcolor(RED);
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
j=i+1;
if(i<n)
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[j],b-Y[j]);
}
else
{
line(a+X[i],b-Y[i],a+X[1],b-Y[1]);
}
}
}
void shearing_x_axis(int shx)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=x[i]+y[i]*shx;
Y[i]=y[i];
}
}
void shearing_y_axis(int shy)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
X[i]=x[i];
Y[i]=x[i]*shy+y[i];
}
}