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9 Divakaran

The document outlines a series of tutorial problems for a Summer Workshop in Mathematics at Kannur University in May 2025. The problems cover various topics in linear algebra, including eigenvalues, eigenvectors, nilpotent matrices, and properties of linear transformations. Each problem is designed to enhance understanding of key mathematical concepts and proofs.

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XI B 28 Angel Sreejith
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4 views2 pages

9 Divakaran

The document outlines a series of tutorial problems for a Summer Workshop in Mathematics at Kannur University in May 2025. The problems cover various topics in linear algebra, including eigenvalues, eigenvectors, nilpotent matrices, and properties of linear transformations. Each problem is designed to enhance understanding of key mathematical concepts and proofs.

Uploaded by

XI B 28 Angel Sreejith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summer Workshop in Mathematics (SWIM)

Kannur University, May, 2025


Week 4
Tutorial problems

May 27, 2025

1. Find the eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors of the identity matrix. Do the
same for an arbitrary diagonal matrix.

2. A n × n matrix A is said to be nilpotent if there exists a positive integer k such that


Ak = 0. Prove that all the eigen values of a nilpotent matrix are zero.

3. Let T : R3 → R3 be a linear operator given by

T (v1 ) = 0, T (v2 ) = v1 , T (v3 ) = v1 + v2 .

with respect to a basis {v1 , v2 , v3 } of R3 . Prove that T 3 = 0.

4. Let T : V → V be a linear operator on a vector space of dimension 2. Assume that


there is a non-zero vector v ∈ V such that v is not an eigenvector for T . Prove that
{v, T (v)} is a basis of V .

5. Let Tθ : R2 → R2 be the linear map given by

Tθ (x, y) = (x cos θ − y sin θ, x sin θ + y cos θ).

(Tθ is called the rotation by θ on the plane R2 ). Show that there is no eigen vector of
Tθ corresponding to any non-zero eigen value.

6. Let A be a n × n matrix such that A2 = I. Prove that only eigenvalues of A are 1, −1.

7. Let A be a n × n matrix where sum of entries in each row is 1. Find an explicit


eigenvalue of A and an eigenvector corresponding to that eigenvalue.

May 28, 2025

8. Let A be a 2×2 real matrix with an eigen value c. Consider A−cI as a linear map from
R2 to R2 . Prove that nullity of A − cI is non-zero and hence A − cI is not invertible.

9. Do A and At have the same eigenvalues? Justify your answer.

10. Two n × n matrices A and B are said to be similar if there exists an invertible matrix
P such that B = P −1 AP . Prove that similar matrices have same eigenvalue.
11. If one of A and B are non-singular, prove that AB and BA have same eigenvalues.
12. Prove that a real 3 × 3 matrix has at least one real eigenvalue.
13. SO3 := {A ∈ M3 (R) | AAt = I = At A, det(A) = 1}. Prove that every element
A ∈ SO3 has the eigenvalue 1. (Hint: Use the relations det(A) = det(At ), At (A − I) =
(I − A)t , det(−B) = −det(B)).

14. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix, with characteristic polynomial p(t). Prove that


p(t) = t2 − (trA)t + detA.

15. Let A be a n × n skew-symmetric matrix where n is odd. Find an explicit eigenvalue


of A. What is the determinant of A?
16. Let A be a n × n nilpotent matrix. Prove that det(A + I) = 1.
17. Let A be a 2 × 2 real skew-symmetric matrix with positive off-diagonal entries. Can
it be similar to a 2 × 2 real upper triangular matrix with one zero entry in the main
diagonal?
18. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with all positive entries and det(A) > 0. Prove that
trace(A) p
≥ det(A).
2

May 29, 2025

 
2 1
19. Let A = .
1 2
(a) Find the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the matrix A.
(b) Find a matrix P such that P −1 AP is diagonal.
(c) Compute A30 .
20. Let A be a n×n matrix. Prove that eigen vectors corresponding to distinct eigen values
are linearly independent. Use this result to show the following:

 
1 2
21. Let A = . Find the eigenvalues of A and corresponding eigenvectors. Is A
0 −1
diagonalizable? If A is a 2 × 2 real matrix satisfying A2 = I, then A is diagonalizable.
22. Let A be a 2×2 matrix such that trace(A) = 0. Further assume that off-diagonal entries
of A are positive. Prove that A2 has a single positive eigenvalue with multiplicity 2
and it commutes with every matrix, that is, A2 B = BA2 for all B ∈ M2 (R).
23. Let A be a 4 × 4 skew-symmetric integer matrix. Prove that det(A) ∈ N.

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