Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology

(Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

(NAAC Accredrited and An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)
NH 206 (B.H. Road), Gubbi, Tumkur – 572 216. Karnataka.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
MODULE- 2
[21RMI56]
5TH SEMESTER [][]
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24
Faculty: CHETAN BALAJI
Dept. of CSE
Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology

(Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
(NAAC Accredited & ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)
NH 206 (B.H. Road), Gubbi, Tumkur – 572 216. Karnataka.

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Faculty Name: CHETAN BALAJI; mail to: [email protected]
Subject: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
5th Semester- Course Code: 21RMI56

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

MODULE -2 –

Text Book: Dipankar Deb • Rajeeb Dey, Valentina E. Balas “Engineering

Research Methodology”, ISSN 1868- 4394 ISSN 1868-4408 (electronic),
Intelligent Systems Reference Library, ISBN 978-981-13- 2946-3 ISBN 978-
981-13-2947-0 (eBook), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2947-0
Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 Page 09-35

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Question 1:

What is the meaning of a Literature survey and list out its importance?

➢ The goal of literature survey is to bring out something new to work on

through the identification of unsolved issues, determine the
problems in the existing models.
➢ It is the use of content/ideas/approaches in the literature to
correctly identify the problem that is vaguely known beforehand, to
advocate a specific approach adopted to understanding the problem,
and to access the choice of methods used.
➢ Generally, a good literature survey is the first expectation and when
done well can create a good impression that the state of the art in the
chosen field is well understood.
➢ A literature review should be able to summarize as to what is already
known from the state of the art, detail the key concepts and the main
factors or parameters and the underlying relationships between those,
A good literature survey is typically a two-step process as enumerated below:
➢ (i) Identify the major topics or subtopics or concepts relevant to the
subject under consideration.

➢ (ii) Place the citation of the relevant source (article/patent in the correct
category
A researcher should analyze the relevant information ascertained in Table 2.0
by undertaking the following steps:
(i) Understanding the hypothesis,
(ii) Understanding the models and the experimental conditions used,
(iii) Making connections,
(iv) Comparing and contrasting the various information, and
(v) Finding out the strong points and the loopholes.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Table: 2.0- Literature Review Process

Question 2:

How the effective search can be done in Literature in research.

A researcher must consider what type of information is needed, and where

it could be found. Not all information is available online.
Searching is an iterative process:
• Experiment with different keywords and operators;
• Evaluate and assess results, use filters;
• Modify the search as needed; and
• When relevant articles are found, look at their citations and references.
After the search is complete, the researcher needs to engage in critical and
thorough reading, making observation of the salient points in those sources,
and summarize the findings.
A detailed comparison and contrast of the findings is also required
to be done.
This entire process may be needed to be done multiple times.
The conclusion of the entire process of literature survey includes a summary
of the relevant and important work done.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Ex: Take an example of the below paper#1, we need to study the paper and do
the literature review.

1. Bhurane, A.A., Dhok, S., Sharma, M., Yuvaraj, R., Murugappan, M. and Acharya,
U.R., 2019. Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease from electroencephalography signals
using linear and self‐similarity features. Expert Systems, p.e12472.
Author Name, Year of Publication, Title of the paper Volume

Outcome: This below paragraph summarizes a paper after studying in detail.

It includes the method adapted, and limitations

In 2019, Bhurane, A. A et.al.,[01] have presented the support vector

machines (SVM) classifier for the early detection of PD. Also, it presents the
natural (time) domain technique to analyze PD from the EEG signals. The
presented technique eliminates the need to transfer signals to another domain
by extracting the features of EEG signals over time. It imagines the features
of 2 inter-channel similarities, such as linear forecast coefficients (LPC), and
contact coefficients (CC). An advanced feature addition analysis using the
chosen features was derived based on the methods of feature ranking and
primary component analysis (PCA). The presented computer-assisted
diagnostic system acts as an auxiliary tool to check the diagnosis of
Parkinson’s disease by physicians. Thus, the SVM model with PCA achieved
maximum accuracy but the error rate of the model was high.
We also need to summarise the same in tabular columns which makes
the things clear.

Author and year Method Advantages Limitations

Bhurane, A.A Support vector The SVM model with The error rate of the
et.al.,[01], 2019 machines (SVM) PCA achieved maximum model was high.
classifier and primary accuracy.
component analysis
(PCA)

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Question 3:

How can a New Knowledge be different from the Existing Knowledge in

Research?

The interpretation of new knowledge heavily depends on the researcher's

background and perception, which can range from indifference to excitement.
The significance of new knowledge is often established by identifying existing
problems in the field and demonstrating the gaps in the current
understanding.

Existing knowledge is essential for highlighting the existence of a problem

and its importance. Researchers use the context, significance, originality,
and tools from existing literature to build a case for their work.

Textbooks provide established knowledge and foundational background,

while research papers focus on presenting new, cutting-edge information.

Question 4:

List out the Components and steps of a comprehensive literature review.

Components of a Comprehensive Literature Review:

1. Summarize existing knowledge from the state of the art.
2. Detail key concepts, factors, parameters, and relationships.
3. Discuss complementary approaches to the topic.
4. Highlight inconsistencies, shortcomings, and contradictory results.
5. Justify the need for further research in the field.
Steps to Conduct an Effective Literature Survey:
1. Identify major topics or concepts relevant to the research subject.
2. Categorize relevant sources (articles, patents, websites, data, etc.) under
respective concepts.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Question 5:

What is the primary goal of Literature review

The primary goal of a literature review is to:

Identify the research problem. This includes understanding the current
state of knowledge on the topic, identifying gaps in knowledge, and
determining the research questions that need to be answered.
Advocate a specific approach. This involves evaluating the different
approaches that have been taken to study the problem, and selecting the
approach that is most likely to be successful.
Evaluate the choice of methods. This includes assessing the validity and
reliability of the methods that have been used, and determining whether they
are appropriate for the research problem.
Demonstrate the need for new research. This involves showing that the
existing research is not sufficient to answer the research questions, and that
new research is needed to make progress.
The quality of a literature review can be evaluated based on the following
criteria:
Breadth and depth of coverage. The literature review should cover a wide
range of relevant sources, and provide a deep understanding of the research
problem.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Question 6:

Write a note on the Bibliographic Database. Explain the different types

of Bibliographic data bases.

“Bibliographic databases” refer to “abstracting and indexing services”

useful for collecting citation-related information and possibly abstracts of
research articles from scholarly literature and making them available through
search.
Types of Databases: (1. Web of Science 2. Google Scholar 3. Scopus Database)

1. Web of Science

Web of Science (formerly known as ISI or Thomson Reuters) includes

multiple databases, as well as specialized tools. It is a good search tool for
scholarly materials requiring an institutional license and allows the
researcher to search in a particular topic of interest, which can be made by
selecting in fields that are available in drop down menu such as title, topic,
author, address, etc.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

2. Google and Google Scholar

Google is a great place to start one’s search when one is starting out on a
topic. It can help find freely available information, such as reports from
governments, organizations, companies, and so on.
However, there are limitations:
(i) It’s a “black box” of information. It searches everything on the Internet, with
no quality control—one does not know where results are coming from.
(ii) There are limited search functionality and refinement options.

(iii) It is not comprehensive. Some publishers do not make their content

available to Google Scholar.

3. SCOPUS Data Base

Scopus is a large database containing citations and abstracts for articles

published in more than 14,200 peer-reviewed journals from more than 4,000
international publishers. Scopus tracks many additional journals from a
broad range of disciplines.

In addition to references and abstracts, Scopus also provides an article’s

bibliography and links to articles that have cited the original article.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Question 7:

Explain the Benefits of Bibliographic Databases:

1. Abstracting and Indexing Services: Bibliographic databases act as abstracting and
indexing services, compiling essential details about research articles. They include
information such as citations, abstracts, authors, affiliations, and keywords.
2. Access to Scholarly Literature: These databases facilitate access to a wide range of
scholarly research articles, helping researchers stay informed about the latest
developments in their field.
3. Search Capabilities: Researchers can perform advanced searches using keywords,
authors, publication years, and other criteria to find relevant articles quickly.
4. Comprehensive Coverage: Bibliographic databases cover a vast array of disciplines
and subjects, providing a comprehensive repository of research materials.
5. Quality Research: Simultaneous searches across multiple databases help researchers
avoid overreliance on a single source and mitigate limitations associated with individual
databases.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Question 8:

What is technical reading? How it is different from a literature review.

Technical reading is a strategy that can be used to obtain a great amount of

information in a short time from textbooks, professional journals, and other
technical materials.

II. How it is done? It is Done in Two ways (1. Survey 2. Formulate Questions,
3. Formulate Answers)

A. Survey the chapter

A survey of the chapter will give a general overview of the information a

chapter contains.

There are four parts to the surveying process:

1. Read the summary and any questions at the end of the chapter (if included).
Summaries and questions are the author’s clues to what is important in the
chapter.

2. Glance at the headings and sub-headings in the chapter. Look at the

captions of pictures, charts, tables, and graphs.

3. Skim over the first sentence of each paragraph in the chapter. If the
sentence is long, read for only about two lines.

4. Pick out key words. Look especially for words which are italicized, in bold
print, or capitalized.

B. Formulate questions

Generate questions that enables to summarize the material and identify main
topics in the chapter or article.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

C. Formulate answers

Try to answer the questions that were just asked. Calling on the prior
knowledge, the information that was picked up in Part A, and by guessing
intelligently.

Research Paper Reading

Strategies for Reading Research Papers:

1. Selective Reading: Not all papers are worth reading in-depth. An initial
skimming helps decide whether a paper is worth further exploration.
2. Skimming Process:
a. Read the title and keywords: Determine if the paper is interesting and
relevant.
b. Read the abstract: Gain an overview of the paper's content and relevance.
c. Jump to conclusions: Assess if the paper aligns with your research goals.
d. Review figures, tables, and captions: Quickly understand the key results.
3. In-Depth Reading: If the paper is relevant, go for in-depth reading

Question 9:

What a note on research conceptualization.

Research objectives must center on new knowledge and gain recognition from the
research community. While originality and significance are key, a solvable
approach is crucial. Conceptualizing research involves aligning a significant
problem, necessary knowledge, and applicable methods, which requires expertise
in the field.
Characteristics of a Good Research Objective:
1. Novelty and Significance: Research objectives should contribute new
insights and be recognized as valuable by peers.
2. Feasibility: Objectives should be achievable within available resources and
methodologies.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Conceptualizing Research at Different Levels:

a. Expertise Requirement: Developing a research objective demands expertise
at the edge of knowledge.
b. Immersion in Literature: Continuously reading and understanding existing
literature is crucial for combining problem significance, existing knowledge, and
potential methods.

Question 10:

What a note on Critical Reading and Creative Reading.

Critical Reading:
Questioning Assumptions: Challenge assumptions made by the authors. Are
they reasonable, and do they align with the problem being addressed?
Alternative Solutions: Consider if there are simpler or more effective
solutions that were overlooked.
Limitations and Missing Links: Identify both stated and ignored limitations
of the proposed solution. Determine if any essential connections or steps are
missing.
Assumptions and Logic: Assess the logical flow of the paper and the
soundness of assumptions made.
Creative Reading:
Positive Approach: Creatively explore the paper's content to discover new
ideas, applications, or generalizations that may have been missed by the
authors.
Extending Work: Look for opportunities to extend the research by identifying
potential areas for further investigation.
Practical Challenges: Consider if modifications to the proposed solution
could introduce practical challenges or lead to valuable new research
directions.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Challenges in Critical and Creative Reading:

Critical vs. Creative: Critical reading aims to identify errors, while creative
reading involves seeking new opportunities and insights.
Relative Difficulty: Creative reading can be more challenging than critical
reading, requiring a proactive and open-minded approach.

Question 11:

What a note on the

A. Importance of Mathematical Derivations and Proofs:

B. Implementation of Algorithms
C. Importance of Quick Coding
D. Importance of Reading a Data Sheet

Importance of Mathematical Derivations and Proofs:

Core of Technical Papers: Mathematical derivations and proofs form the

heart of technical papers, providing the foundation for novel concepts and
innovations.
In-depth Understanding: Meticulous reading of mathematical content
enhances the researcher's grasp of the problem, solution, and underlying
principles.
Sound Understanding: In-depth comprehension of proofs and algorithms
after identifying paper relevance fosters a solid grasp of the authors'
attempted solution.
Implementation of Algorithms:
Verification and Validation: Implementation of complex algorithms using
programming languages helps identify errors and validate their functionality.
Real-World Application: Practical implementation reveals the feasibility of
algorithms and uncovers potential issues that might not be apparent in
theory.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Importance of Quick Coding:

Algorithm Verification: Rapid coding and implementation can validate the
correctness of algorithms.
Practical Application: Practical coding unveils real-world challenges and
discrepancies that may not be evident from theory alone.
Important of Reading a Datasheet
Instruction Manuals for Components: Datasheets provide comprehensive
details about electronic components, including their functionalities,
specifications, and usage instructions.
Design and Debugging: Researchers utilize datasheets to design circuits,
debug existing circuits, and ensure proper component integration.
Performance Analysis: Datasheets offer insights into component
performance under varying conditions, enabling researchers to optimize
circuit design.

Question 12:

What a note on the importance of

Citing:
Citing involves integrating quotes, references, and ideas from other
authors' works into one's text.
The primary purpose of citing is to provide evidence, support arguments, and
give context to the reader.
Proper citation allows readers to trace back to the source and verify the
information.
Citing should be clear, accurate, and relevant to the context.
Referencing:
Referencing is the act of listing complete publication details of cited
works in a reference list or bibliography.
It provides readers with comprehensive information about the sources
and helps them locate the cited works.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

Correct referencing also demonstrates the researcher's familiarity with

relevant literature.
Acknowledgment:
Acknowledgment acknowledges contributions and support received in the
research process.
It expresses gratitude to individuals or entities that aided in the research,
such as funding agencies, colleagues, or mentors.
Acknowledgment is personal, often containing expressions of
appreciation beyond the research itself.

Question 13:

Explain any two Citation styles?

Citation Styles
Citation styles are sets of rules for how to arrange, or format, citations. All
of them use the same information about sources. They simply arrange them
in different ways.
1. ASCE format (American Society of Civil Engineers)
(a) Reference list: this section should be included in the book. At the end of
an article or guide, or in space. A model for the same example is given below:
(b) Books or articles written in books: The following sections will be placed
after the words about the internal work:

Format

Author Surname, Initial. (Year of Publication). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal,

Volume(issue number), pages.

Example

King, S., and Delatte, N. J. (2004). "Collapse of 2000 Commonwealth Avenue:

Punching shear case study." J. Perf. Constr. Facil., 18(1), 54-61.

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)

Research Methodology-21RMI56 5th Semester- CSE

2. IEEE Style (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

IEEE Style is the standard for all IEEE journals and journals and is often
used for papers and articles in business, electronics, and computer science.
The IEEE style requires the use of final letters and numbers to include
references. Submitters of content to
IEEE publications should refer to the relevant journal or journal's guidelines
and may also refer to the entire IEEE Reference Guide. Listed below are some
examples of the IEEE citation style for different types of resources

Format

Author Name, Article title, Volume and Page No, year of Publication and
DOI (Digital Object identifier).
Example of IEEE Citation Style:
1. J. Ive, A. Max, and F. Yvon, “Reassessing the proper place of man and
machine in translation: A pre-translation scenario,” Mach. Transl., vol. 32, no.
4, pp. 279–308, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10590-018-9223-9.

Acknowledgments and Attributions

Acknowledgment is the practice of recognizing the person or organization
responsible for producing the research published in a particular article.

END OF MODULE-2

Chetan Balaji Dept. of CSE Module-2 (2023-24)