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Control Valves Notes

The document outlines the principles and components of control valves, including their role in regulating fluid flow. It compares single seated and double seated globe valves, discusses human-aided versus automatic process control, and highlights criteria for control valve selection and sizing. Additionally, it addresses issues like cavitation and flashing, the function of valve positioners, and the operation of solenoid control valves.

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Siddhesh Pawar 1433
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1 views2 pages

Control Valves Notes

The document outlines the principles and components of control valves, including their role in regulating fluid flow. It compares single seated and double seated globe valves, discusses human-aided versus automatic process control, and highlights criteria for control valve selection and sizing. Additionally, it addresses issues like cavitation and flashing, the function of valve positioners, and the operation of solenoid control valves.

Uploaded by

Siddhesh Pawar 1433
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Valves & Process Control - Notes

1. Principle of Control Valve

- A control valve regulates fluid flow by varying the flow passage size.
- Components: actuator, positioner, valve body.
- Adjusts flow based on controller signal.
- Used for pressure, temperature, and flow control.

2. Difference Between Single Seated and Double Seated Globe Valve

| Feature | Single Seated Valve | Double Seated Valve |


|----------------|----------------------|----------------------|
| Construction | One plug & one seat | Two plugs & two seats |
| Flow Capacity | Lower | Higher |
| Leakage | Less | More |
| Force Required | Higher | Lower (Balanced) |
| Application | Precise Control | High-Flow Applications |

3. Human-Aided vs Automatic Process Control

| Feature | Human-Aided Control | Automatic Control |


|------------------|---------------------|------------------|
| Control Action | Manual Adjustment | Automatic System |
| Response Time | Slower | Faster |
| Accuracy | Less accurate | More accurate |
| Example | Manual valve control | PID controller |

4. Control Valve Selection & Sizing

- **Selection Criteria:** Pressure, Temperature, Flow Rate, Fluid Properties.


- **Sizing Factors:** Cv (Flow Coefficient), Pressure Drop, Rangeability, Seat Leakage.

5. Cavitation and Flashing in Control Valves

- **Cavitation:** Liquid pressure drops below vapor pressure, forming and collapsing bubbles.
* Remedies: Use anti-cavitation trim, reduce pressure drop.
- **Flashing:** Liquid turns into vapor permanently due to low downstream pressure.
* Remedies: Use flashing-resistant materials, increase downstream pressure.

6. Valve Positioner

- Ensures control valve attains the exact position as per the controller's signal.
- **Types:** Pneumatic, Electro-Pneumatic, Digital (Smart).
- **Need:** Improves accuracy, reduces hysteresis, enhances control response.
7. Solenoid Control Valve

- Uses an electromagnetic coil to control fluid flow.


- **Working:** Energized coil creates a magnetic field, lifting the plunger to open the valve.
- **Application:** Automation, safety systems.

8. Direct & Reverse Action of Control Valve

- **Direct Action:** Valve opens when signal pressure increases (Air-to-Open).


- **Reverse Action:** Valve closes when signal pressure increases (Air-to-Close).

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