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Complete Control System Notes

The document provides comprehensive revision notes on control systems, covering topics such as transfer functions, system types, stability criteria, and control actions. It includes definitions, classifications, diagrams, and comparisons of various control system components and configurations. Key concepts like gain margin, phase margin, and error constants are also discussed, along with practical applications of controllers.

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Siddhesh Pawar 1433
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4 views4 pages

Complete Control System Notes

The document provides comprehensive revision notes on control systems, covering topics such as transfer functions, system types, stability criteria, and control actions. It includes definitions, classifications, diagrams, and comparisons of various control system components and configurations. Key concepts like gain margin, phase margin, and error constants are also discussed, along with practical applications of controllers.

Uploaded by

Siddhesh Pawar 1433
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control System - Complete Revision Notes

Q1a. Define transfer functions of open and closed-loop systems.

- Transfer Function: Ratio of Laplace transform of output to input, assuming zero initial

conditions.

- Open Loop: T.F = C(s) / R(s) = G(s) H(s).

- Closed Loop: T.F = C(s) / R(s) = G(s) / (1 + G(s)H(s)).

Q1b. List standard test inputs and draw their graphs.

- 1. Unit Step Input.

- 2. Unit Ramp Input.

- 3. Unit Parabolic Input.

- 4. Unit Impulse Input.

- Diagram: Graphs of all inputs.

Q1c. Define Gain Margin and Phase Margin.

- Gain Margin: Allowable gain increase before instability.

- Phase Margin: Allowable phase lag before instability.

Q1d. Define offset and methods to eliminate it.

- Offset: Residual error in control output due to load changes.

- Methods: Increase proportional gain, manual resetting, or use integral controller.

Q1e. Classify servo systems and draw a general block diagram.

- Classification:

- 1. Based on Components: Electrical, Hydraulic, Electro-hydraulic.

- 2. Based on Driving System: AC, DC.

- 3. Based on Control Method: Open-loop, Closed-loop.

- Diagram: General servo system block diagram.


Q1f. Draw and label the time response of a 2nd order system.

- Response characteristics: Rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot, settling time.

- Diagram: Graph showing time vs. response.

Q1g. Can AC 2-phase induction motor work as a servo motor?

- Yes, with a high resistance rotor and reduced inertia.

- Design modifications like drag-cup or squirrel-cage rotors are used.

Q2a. Find state space representation for transfer function.

- State-space uses matrices A, B, C, D to describe system dynamics.

- Example: Equations converted into matrix form.

Q2b. Determine system type and steady-state error for input r(t) = 5t.

- System Type: Based on the number of poles at origin.

- Steady-state error: Calculated using system constants.

Q2c. Compare AC and DC servo motors (any 4 points).

- AC: Low power, less maintenance, no brushes, stable operation.

- DC: High power, more maintenance, brushes present, less stable.

Q2d. For a given transfer function, find poles, zeros, and plot.

- Poles: Roots of denominator equation.

- Zeros: Roots of numerator equation.

- Plot: Pole-zero diagram.

Q3a. Derive transfer function for RC network.

- Step 1: Write differential equation using Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws.

- Step 2: Take Laplace transform.

- Step 3: Solve for transfer function.

- Result: T.F = 1 / (RCs + 1).


Q3b. Find position, velocity, and acceleration error constants.

- Position Error Constant (Kp): Gain at s=0.

- Velocity Error Constant (Kv): Derivative of gain at s=0.

- Acceleration Error Constant (Ka): Second derivative of gain at s=0.

Q3c. Determine stability using Routh's criteria.

- Form Routh's array using coefficients of characteristic equation.

- Count sign changes in first column for stability determination.

Q3d. Explain AC servo system components with a diagram.

- Components: Synchro as error detector, servo amplifier, servo motor, and load.

- Diagram: Block showing connections and functions.

Q4a. Find transfer function for given differential equation.

- Step 1: Write equation in Laplace form.

- Step 2: Solve for T.F = Y(s) / X(s).

Q4b. Draw response of 2nd order system for critically damped case.

- Critically damped response: No overshoot, fastest settling time.

- Diagram: Exponential decay curve.

Q4c. Define marginal stability.

- Marginal Stability: System oscillates with constant amplitude; poles lie on the imaginary axis.

Q4d. Explain ON-OFF controller and applications.

- ON-OFF Controller: Binary control (ON=1, OFF=0).

- Applications: Thermostat, relays, temperature control systems.

Q4e. Determine range of K for stability using Routh's criteria.

- Use Routh's array for characteristic equation.


- Find conditions on K for all first-column terms to be positive.

Q5a. Derive transfer function using block diagram reduction.

- Step 1: Simplify parallel/series blocks.

- Step 2: Apply feedback loop formulas.

Q5b. Draw Bode plot for given open-loop transfer function.

- Step 1: Identify poles, zeros, and gain.

- Step 2: Plot magnitude and phase vs. frequency.

Q5c. Compare proportional and integral control actions.

- Proportional: Faster response, moderate stability.

- Integral: Removes offset, slower response, less stability.

Q6a. Draw functional diagram of DC servo system and describe.

- Components: Potentiometers for error detection, amplifier, motor, load.

- Diagram: Functional block representation.

Q6b. Find settling time and peak overshoot, draw response.

- Settling Time: Based on system time constant.

- Peak Overshoot: Calculated from damping ratio.

Q6c. Draw circuit diagram of PID controller, explain integral and derivative actions.

- Integral: Removes offset but slows response.

- Derivative: Improves stability and reduces overshoot.

- Diagram: PID circuit.

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