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ACN U1L1 Structure of Internet

The syllabus covers the structure of the Internet, including its physical components, ISPs, client-server models, routers, and gateways. It also discusses IP addressing, DNS, reference models, network topology, and cloud storage. Each section outlines key concepts and protocols essential for understanding Internet architecture and the network layer.

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Tanisha Waichal
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219 views5 pages

ACN U1L1 Structure of Internet

The syllabus covers the structure of the Internet, including its physical components, ISPs, client-server models, routers, and gateways. It also discusses IP addressing, DNS, reference models, network topology, and cloud storage. Each section outlines key concepts and protocols essential for understanding Internet architecture and the network layer.

Uploaded by

Tanisha Waichal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Syllabus

Unit – 1 Internet Architecture And Network Layer [12M = 18M Max]

1.1 Structure of Internet, Intranet, Role of Internet Service Provider (ISP)


and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

1.2 IPv4-Header format, IPv6 -Header format NOTES BY MANE SIR


777 000 7857

1.3 Subnet, subnet addressing and address masking, supernetting

1.4 Address Mapping- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Mapping logical


to physical addresses, working and message format , Reverse Address
Resolution Protocol (RARP) – Mapping physical to logical addresses
working and message format

▪ MADE for POLYTECHNIC - MANE SIR - CONTACT US – 777 000 7857 3


1.1 Structure of Internet :
• The structure of the Internet means, the way the Internet is organized,
connected, and perform different functions.

• Structure of internet allow data communication between millions of


devices connected worldwide.

• It includes physical devices, networking protocols, and network layers.


• All these components together forms NOTES BY MANE SIR
Internet.
777 000 7857
• Main Components of Internet Structure are :

1. Physical Structure
2. Internet Service Providers (ISP)
3. Client Server Models
4. Routers and Gateways
5. IP addressing and DNS
6. Reference Models (Protocol Stack)
7. Network Topology
8. Cloud Storage

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1. Physical Structure : It includes cables, routers, satellites, mobile towers etc .
• They are used to connect devices using physical medium.
• Large network of cables is in present under the sea which connects ISP.

2. ISP (Internet Service Providers) : They are the main service providers and act as
bridge between user and Internet.
• ISP are divided in three tiers :
• Tier 1 : global backbone network providers like
• Tier 2 : connect tier 1 with local networks
NOTES BY MANE SIR
• Tier 3 : Provide access to individual users777 000 7857

3. Client and Server Model : Client send request to server using internet browser (like
Chrome) and server respond to the request.
• They use protocols like HTTP for this communication.

4. Routers and Gateways : Routers are used to route data from source to destination.
• Gateways are used to connect two different networks. They also translate the
protocols.

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5. IP addressing and DNS : IP address is Globally Unique and it is used to locate the device
on internet.
• It is a number which is difficult to remember so DNS (Domain Name System) is used for
naming this address.
• In our daily life we use DNS to find website.
• DNS (Domain Name System) is a protocol that translates domain names like
www.msbte.com into IP addresses (like 140.25.180.14), so computers can locate each
other on the Internet.
NOTES BY MANE SIR
6. Reference Models : It is a protocol stack 777 000
which 7857
has many layers and different protocols
work on each layer.
• Application layer – HTTP , FTP , DNS , WWW
• Transport Layer – TCP , UDP , SCTP
• Network Layer – IP for addressing and routing of data packets
• Data link layer – Framing and Error detection
• Physical Layer – Define physical layer connections

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7. Network Topology : It is the logical arrangement of computer and connected device.
• Popular network topologies are Star, ring , mesh , tree etc.
NOTES BY MANE SIR
777 000 7857
8. Cloud Storge : Cloud storage is a way to save data (like files, photos, videos) on the
internet instead of your computer or mobile.
• This data is stored on special computers called servers and managed by companies like
Google, Microsoft, or Amazon.
• You can access your stored data anytime, from anywhere, using the internet.
• It also helps keep your data safe if your device gets lost , stolen or damaged.
• Examples: Google Drive, Dropbox, iCloud.

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