Scribd
Upload
2 views10 pages

Pendulum Project Expanded

This physics project investigates how the length, mass, and amplitude of a pendulum affect its time period. The experiment confirms that the time period increases with length, remains unaffected by mass, and shows slight increases at larger amplitudes, validating the theoretical model while highlighting its limitations. The project includes a detailed methodology, observations, and references for further study.

Uploaded by

professionalboyvk715
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views10 pages

Pendulum Project Expanded

This physics project investigates how the length, mass, and amplitude of a pendulum affect its time period. The experiment confirms that the time period increases with length, remains unaffected by mass, and shows slight increases at larger amplitudes, validating the theoretical model while highlighting its limitations. The project includes a detailed methodology, observations, and references for further study.

Uploaded by

professionalboyvk715
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Physics Project

Investigating the Effect of Length, Mass, and


Amplitude on the Time Period of a Pendulum
Name: Divy
Class: XI
Subject: Physics
Index
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theory & Hypothesis
• 3. Apparatus & Procedure
• 4. Observations & Graphs
• 5. Conclusion
• 6. Bibliography
Introduction
• A simple pendulum consists of a small bob
suspended by a light, inextensible string fixed at one
end. When displaced and released, it oscillates to
and for under the influence of gravity. This project
aims to study how the time period (T) of a simple
pendulum is affected by changing its length (L), mass
(m) of the bob, and amplitude (A) of oscillation. The
experiment provides insight into the factors that
govern periodic motion, which is important in the
study of harmonic oscillations and timekeeping
instruments.
Theory & Hypothesis
• The theoretical time period of a simple pendulum is
given by T = 2π√(L/g), where L is the length of the
string and g is the acceleration due to gravity. This
formula assumes small oscillation angles (small
amplitude). We hypothesize that:
• - As the length increases, the time period increases.
• - Changing the mass does not affect the time period.
• - At small amplitudes, the time period remains
constant; at larger amplitudes, it increases slightly.
Apparatus & Procedure
• Apparatus Used:
• - Retort stand with clamp
• - Inextensible thread
• - Spherical metal bob (of different masses)
• - Stopwatch (least count 0.01s)
• - Meter scale
• - Protractor
•
• Procedure:
• 1. Tie a bob to one end of the thread and secure the other end to the clamp.
• 2. Adjust the length of the pendulum and measure it accurately.
• 3. Displace the bob by a known angle (amplitude) using a protractor.
• 4. Release the bob without pushing and start the stopwatch.
• 5. Measure the time for 10 complete oscillations and divide by 10 to get the average time
period.
• 6. Repeat for different lengths, masses, and amplitudes.
• 7. Record all observations.
Effect of Length on Period
Effect of Amplitude on Period
Effect of Mass on Period
Conclusion
• Based on our experimental data:
• - The time period increased with an increase in the length of
the pendulum, matching theoretical predictions.
• - Changes in the mass of the bob did not affect the time
period, confirming the independence from mass.
• - At larger amplitudes (above ~15°), a slight increase in time
period was observed, indicating the limit of the small-angle
approximation.
• Hence, the experiment validates the theoretical model and
shows its limitations at larger amplitudes.
Bibliography
• - NCERT Class XI Physics
• - HyperPhysics (Pendulum Theory)
• - Wikipedia (Simple Pendulum)
• - Lab Manuals and Notes

You might also like