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Final circuits

Electrical engineering (University of Nairobi)

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FINAL CIRCUITS

Final circuit - A circuit connected directly to current using

equipment or to a socket or s~)Cket outlets or other outlet points for
the connection.of such equipment. ___....__

TYPES OF FINAL CIRCUITS

There are two types of final circuits riamely:

(i) Lighting circuits
· (ii) Power Circuits

LIGHTING CIRCUITS
J ·,

t ). ACCESSORIES

Definition - A device other than currel'lt·using equipmentassociated

with surh equipmentor with the wiring of an installation.

TYPES OF ACCESSORIES
The accessoriesassociated with a lighting circuit are as follows:

Lampl'tf?lders: ..
These include the .straight batten lampholder,
pendant (cord grip) Lampholder, self-tapping
lampholder, Edison screw lampholder and Goliath
Edison screw lanipholder. The ceiling rose is used
with the cord grip lampholder. A biscuit ring is used
to .seal off any opening around the lampholder.
. .
Switches - The three types of switches are one- way _single-pole
switch, two - way switch and the intermediate switch.
. There are variations of some of the switches· depending
on the application and type of control required,, e.g. one-
way, one- gang, one-v1ay two- gang, two- way one gang,
two-way, two gang, celling switch, mercury switch etc

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MCB/ fuse - These are the.protectivedevices used for protecting

fl
if
the final cir uit against overcurrentswhich is as a result ·
I of a short ci cuit or earth fault. (

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I CABLES
1•
The cables used for ighting circuits are PVC insulated or PVC
ins,ulated and sheathed PVC insulated single· core cables are used
with PVC conduit, galva izeid steel conduit or trunking. PVC insulated
and sheathed cables ar used for surfacing wirig,~_in the form of PVC
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insulated and sheathed single core. Twin flat or twin with circuit
protective conductor. T e sizes normally_used for domestic
2 lighting
2 2
I circuits are 1.0mm2 or .smm • 'o.smm Ior 0.75mm flexible-cord is
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I used for the pendant I mpholder. The overcurrent protective device

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·used for the circuit is 5 .. Industrial lighting circuits may be rated at
(
2
15A and a cable of 2.5 m. used for wiring.
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CIRCU11 CONNECT!
I There a re two types of onnections namely:-
! (i) Series connection
" . (ii) Parallel connectio
Series connections are ainly used for decorations due to problems
associated with sharing of supply voltage and possible blowing of a
lamp would affei:t aper tion of other [amps in the circuit due to the
open circuit. · ·
Parallel connections are used in practice since each lamp re<:eives the
supply voltage and loss _fa _lamp does not affect the operatiOn of the
remaining lamps in the 1rcu1t.
L1 JiLz L1

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one-way switch
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0ne-way swi ch
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LIGHTING CIRCUITS
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ONE-WAY SWITCHIN

This type of control is 'us d in a confined space or room, wl7ich has

only one entrance. A on way single-· pol~ switch is· useq for the
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control of a lamp or grou of lamps connected in the circuit. ·

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· sw c wire
f ne-way·

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J S r~gle- pole
s\ itch

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TWO-WAY SWITCHING

This type of control is use where control of a lamp or group of

lamps is required from tw independentpositions. Either position of
the gang of switch could b ON or OFF depending on the position of
the gang of the other swit h..

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Switchfeed switchwire

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\ Strappers
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WAY AND IN
T RMEDIATE SWITCHING
rwo- . h·ng
.i -app1·icable ,where control
.
of a lamp or group
. . d
This type of swItc 1 . .dependent positions 1s require .
three or mor~ in
of lamps f ro rn
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Switchfeed

\ Strappers
I switchwire

WIRING METHODS
LOOPING IN

·This consists of taking o conductorstwisted together into the

terminal of a lighting po nt or switch using one as the incoming and
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II the other as the outgoin conductorto the next point. The method
I has the advantage that II poi_nts in·conductorsare made£in the
terminals of accessories.It is confined_to installationsusing single-_

I core cables.
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Swit-Ghfeed l switchwir~

Switch

JOINT BOX
·A joint is a box within which the conductorsof cables are jointed. The
boxes are fixed with bras terminals. Tney are provided with .

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knockouts for cabl . - .

type. The li~eo; e~ and fitted with lids, usually of the screw-on
terminals in a Jo.int ban the neutral.ar~ ~onnected tq two separate
taken to the s . ox. mnltne7,ve .l@_Ot box.terminalfe~ds are
terminals in thw,~c~e a d the switch wires are taken_via separate
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other .side the J~int 0 to_ the lighting points they control. The_
in the . . obf e light1n point are connected to the neutral terminal
_Joint ox. ·

One-way switch

NOTE: A three terminal eiling rose may be used to serve as a joint

box. However,it is a requ rement'bythe IEE regulations-that the live
terminal must be insulat

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I·
_e_oWER CIRCUITS ...

L CIR UITS . . ty es of radial

RADIAL FINA be fixed to two distinct p 2 PVC
13A socket out_l~ts m~ h 1 Sm1112 mineral insulated or 2.Smmd .
. u·,ts For wiring w1 in a
Cl re · . r · to t.he number of socket outlets. serve·· d ·
ca bl. es there f1smaxImu
no _,m, area ,_.JO. m2. The .rating of protective evIce
floor space ? . ..
in this case ,s 20A. . . E;ased to som 2 and the cable sizes
If the area of the fl~of: 1$ ~~~ral insulated or 4.5mm2 for PVC
d to 2 5mm I' r . .. . d .: .
increase · JOA or 32 'A protectivedevice Is use I or .
insulated cable, a . . The number of socket outlets served Is
protection of the C1rcuI . . ,.
unlimited.

RING FINAL CIRCU T_

The employment of he 30A ring final circuit is based on the

principle of diversity. IEE regulationsstipulate:
r. The wiring shall not be of a size smaller than 2.5mm2 PVC or
1.5 mm~for mineral insulatedcables.
2. The ring circuit req ires a protection of 30A or 32A fuse or
MCB.
3. The circuit may ser e an wniimited number of 13A points
provided the floor a ea does not exceed 100m2 .Due to the
concentrationof loa s it is advisable to wire the kitchen as a •
separate circuit. Th s also appli~s to immersion heaters where
the capacity exceed 15 litres.
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4. Looping in the ring i form of spurs is permitted. Each of these
i non-fused spurs ma feed a ·maximum of two 13A socket
outlets, or one stati nary appliance. The total number of spur
points must not exc ed the total ri_umber of socket outlets in
the ring.
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• COOKER CIRCUIT D~vcoo, rr,r., ~ r .

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To di2terminethe ratin ~ a ffnfil~/rcuit supplying stationary
cooking appliances in d mestic premises, the current demand of
the appliances shall be ssessed as follows:
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FIXED
APPUANCE

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Domestic rmg,fircmt . .

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EARTH eLCC, NEUTR.\L BLOCK

)0;.. .FUSE ·

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total rated current of the connected cooking ..

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The first 10A of th .
I . total rated current of t he connected
appliances, plus i der of the
30% of the rema Is
. appliance , Pu
coo_king k t outl t is incorporatedin the control unit.
SA if a soc e . ..

. stic premi es, a final circuit having a rating exceeding 30A

In dome . . h b. -
:P~~Y
· h determined-1 accor~ancewith t _ e a ove method, may.
two or mor cooking applianceswhere these are installed
in one room. . ·
Every stationary c oking appliance in domestic premises shall be
controlled by a swi ch separate_from the appliance and installed
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. within two metres f the appliance. Where two stationary~ooking
- appliancesare-inst lied in one room of domestic-premises,one
switch may be use to control the two appliancesprovided that ..
neither appliance i more· than two metres from the switch .

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Moi UniversityExaminationAnswer Book Dec. 2017,,Ser-ies ,._t,

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