Mathematics

NCERT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE : 3.1 Sol. (a) A convex quadrilateral has two
1. Given here are some figures : diagonals.
(b) A regular hexagon has nine diagonals.
(c) A triangle has no diagonal
(1) (2)
3. What is the sum of the measures of the
angles of a convex quadrilateral? Will this
(3) (4) property hold if the quadrilateral is not
convex?
Sol. The sum of measures of the angles of a
(5) (6) convex quadrilateral is 360°
Yes, this property holds in case if the
quadrilateral is not convex.
(7) (8)
4. Examine the table
Classify each of them on the basis of the
Figure
following:
(a) Simple curve
Sides 3 4 5 6
(b) Simple closed curve 2×180° 3×180° 4 ×180°
Angle
(c) Polygon 180° = (4 –2) = (5–2) = (6 –2)
Sum
× 180° × 180° × 180°
(d)Convex polygon
What can you say about the angle sum of
(e) Concave polygon
a convex polygon with number of sides?
Sol. The classification of the given figures is as
(a) 7 (b) 8
under : (c) 10 (d) n
(a) Simple curve : (1), (2), (5), (6) and (7) Sol. From the given table, clearly we observe
(b) Simple closed curve : (1), (2), (5), (6) and (7) that the sum of angles (interior angles) of
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(c) Polygon : (1) and (2) a polygon with n sides = (n – 2) × 180°.

(d) Convex polygon : (2) (a) Here, n = 7
The sum of the angles of a polygon of 7
(e) Concave polygon : (1)
sides
2. How many diagonals does each of the
= (7 – 2) × 180° = 5 × 180° = 900°
following have?
(b) Here n = 8
(a) A convex quadrilateral The sum of the angles of a polygon of 8
(b) A regular hexagon sides
(c) A triangle = (8 – 2) × 180° = 6 × 180° = 1080°

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NCERT Basics: Class 8
(c) Here n = 10 (b) Since the sum of angles (interior angles)
 The sum of the angles of a polygon of of a quadrilateral is 360°
10 sides  x + 70° + 60° + 90° = 360°
= (10 – 2) × 180° = 8 × 180 = 1440°  x + 220° = 360°
(d) The sum of the angles of a polygon of 'n'  x = 360° – 220° = 140°
sides (c) Since the sum of angles (interior angles)
= (n – 2) × 180° of a pentagon is 540°.
5. What is a regular polygon? Let its fourth and fifth angle be y & z.
State the name of a regular polygon of y = 180° – 70° = 110° (Linear pair)
(i) 3 sides (ii) 4 sides
(iii) 6 sides z = 180° – 60° = 120° ( Linear pair)
Sol. A polygon is said to be a regular polygon, Now,
if all its 30° + x + x + 110° + 120° = 540°
(i) interior angles are equal;  260 + 2x = 540°
(ii) sides are equal; and  2x = 540° – 260°
(iii) exterior angles are equal.  2 x = 280°  x = 140°
The name of a regular polygon of (d) Since the sum of angles (interior angles)
(i) 3 sides is equilaterial triangle. of a pentagon is 540°
(ii) 4 sides is square. Here, its a regular pentagon. So all 5
(iii) 6 sides is regular hexagon. angles are equal.
6. Find the angle measure x in the following 540
each angle = = 108°
figures : 5
7. (a) Find x + y + z
50° x 70°
x x
130° 120° 90°
(a) (b) 60°

z 30°
y
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(c) xx (d) (b) Find x + y + z + w

70° 60° ||
z

60°
Sol. (a) Since the sum of angles (interior y

angles) of a quadrilateral is 360°. w

 x + 120° + 130° + 50° = 360°
 x + 300° = 360° x

 x = 360° – 300° = 60°

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Sol. (a) Since the sum of angles of a triangle is x = 60° …(1)
180°. and y + 80° = 180° (Linear pair)
x  y = 180° – 80°
90°  y = 100° …(2)
and z + 60° = 180° (Linear pair)
z 30° 1
 z = 180° – 60°
y
 z = 120° …(3)
and w + m  1 = 180° (Linear pair)
 m1 + 30° + 90° = 180°
 w + 100° = 180°
 m1 + 120°= 180°
 w =180° – 100°
 m1 = 180° – 120° = 60°
 w = 80° …(4)
Also, x + 90° = 180°
Adding (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get
[Linear pair]
x + y + z + w = 60° + 100° + 120° + 80° = 360°
 x = 180° – 90° = 90° ...(1)
EXERCISE 3.2
and, y + m1 = 180° [Linear pair]
1. Find x in the following figures :
[ m1 = 60°]
125°
 y + 60° = 180°
 y = 180° – 60° = 120° ...(2) (a)
and z + 30° = 180° [Linear pair] x
 z = 180° – 30° = 150° ...(3) 125°
Adding (1), (2) and (3), we get
60°
x + y + z = 90° + 120° + 150° = 360°
(b) Since the sum of angles of a quadrilateral (b)
is 360°. 70°
x
z
60° Sol. We know that the sum of the exterior
y angles formed by producing the sides of a
80° convex polygon in the same order is
1
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w equal to 360°. Therefore,

(a) x + 125° + 125° = 360°
x  x + 250° = 360°
 m  1 + 120°+ 80° + 60° = 360°  x = 360° – 250° = 110°
(b) 60° + 90° + 70° + x + 90° = 360°
 m  1 + 260° = 360°
 310° + x = 360°
 m  1 = 360° – 260°
 x = 360° – 310°
 m  1 = 100°
 x = 50°
Also, x + 120° = 180° (Linear pair)
x = 180° – 120°
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NCERT Basics: Class 8
2. Find the measure of each exterior angle of 5. (a) Is it possible to have a regular polygon
a regular polygon of with measure of each exterior angle as
(i) 9 sides (ii) 15 sides. 22° ?
Sol. (i) Each exterior angle of a regular
(b) Can it be an interior angle of a regular
polygon of 9 sides
polygon ? Why ?
360
= , where n = 9
n Sol. (a) Since the number of sides of a regular

 360  polygon
  = 40°
 9  360
=
(ii) 15 sides Exterior angle
Each exterior angle of a regular polygon  The number of sides of a regular
of 'n' sides = where n = 15 polygon
360
 = 24° 360
15 = [ Exterior angle = 22°, given]
22
3. How many sides does a regular polygon
have if the measure of an exterior angle is 180
=
11
24° ?
Sol. Since the number of sides of a regular Which is not a whole number.
polygon  A regular polygon with measure of
360 each exterior angle as 22° is not possible.
=
Exterior angle
(b) If interior angle = 22°, then its exterior
Here, exterior angle = 24°
angle = 180° – 22° = 158°.
 Number of sides of the given polygon
But 158 does not divide 360° exactly.
360
= = 15 Hence, the polygon is not possible.
24
4. How many sides does a regular polygon 6. (a) What is the minimum interior angle
have if each of its interior angles is 165° ? possible for a regular polygon ? Why ?
Sol. Let there be n sides of the polygon. Then, (b) What is the maximum exterior angle
its each interior angle =
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possible for a regular polygon?

n –2
 × 180° = 165° Sol. (a) The equilateral triangle being a
n
 180° × n – 360° = 165° × n regular polygon of 3 sides has the least

 180° × n – 165° n = 360° measure of an interior angle = 60°.

 15° × n = 360° (b) Since the minimum interior angle of a
360 regular polygon is equal to 60°, therefore,
 n= = 24
15 the maximum exterior angle possible for
Thus, there are 24 sides of the polygon.
a regular polygon = 180° – 60° = 120°.

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EXERCISE 3.3 D
1. Given a parallelogram ABCD. Complete y
each statement along with the definition x 30°
(iii) A C
or property used. O
z
D C
B
O z
D C
y
(iv)

A B
x 80°
(i) AD = ____ (ii) DCB = ____ B
A
(iii) OC = ____
D C
(iv) mDAB + mCDA = ____ y
x
Sol. (i) AD = BC : In a parallelogram, opposite
sides are equal. (v) 40°
z
(ii) DCB = DAB : In a parallelogram, A B
opposite angles are equal. Sol. (i) Since the sum of any two adjacent
(iii) OC = OA : The diagonals of a parallelogram angles of a parallelogram is 180°,
bisect each other. therefore,
(iv) mDAB + mCDA = 180° : in a x + 100° = 180°
parallelogram, the sum of any two  x = 180° – 100° = 80°
adjacent angles is 180°. x + y = 180°
2. Consider the following parallelograms.  y = 180° – x = 180° – 80° = 100°
Find the values of the unknowns x,y,z. y + z = 180°
D C
 z = 180° – y = 180° – 100° = 80°
y x Hence, x = 80°, y = 100° and z = 80°
(i) (ii) Since ABCD is a parallelogram, therefore,
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AB || DC and AD || BC.
z 100° Now, AB || DC and transversal BC
A B intersects them.

D C  z = y [ Alternate angles are equal]

50° y
and AD || BC and transversal AB intersects
(ii) them.
 z = x [ Corresponding angles are equal]
x z
A B x=y=z

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NCERT Basics: Class 8
Since the sum of any two consecutive  z = 180° – 100°
angles of a parallelogram is 180°,  z = 80°
therefore, Hence, x = 100°, y = 80° and z = 80°
y + 50° = 180°
(v) Since ABCD is a parallelogram, therefore
 y = 180° – 50° = 130°
opposite angles are equal in it.
Thus, x = y = z = 130°
B = y [opposite angles]
(iii) From the figure, clearly, x = 90°
112° = y …(1)
[ Vertically opp. s are equal]
and ADC is a triangle, since the sum of
In DOC, we have angles of triangle is 180°.
DOC + OCD + CDO = 180°
In ADC.
[Angle sum property of triangle]
A + y + x = 180°
 x + 30° + y = 180°
40° + 112° + x = 180°
 90° + 30° + y = 180°
152° + x = 180°
 y = 180° – 120° = 60°
x = 180° – 152°
In the parallelogram ABCD, AB || DC. Also,
the transversal BD intersects them. x = 28° …(2)
In parallelogram ABCD, AB||CD. Also, the
 z = y[ Alternate angles are equal]
transversal AC intersects them.
 z = 60° [ y = 60°]
 x = z [ Alternate angles are equal]
Hence, x = 90°, y = 60° and z = 60°.
(iv) Since ABCD is a parallelogram, the sum of  z = 28° [x = 28° by equation 2]
any two adjacent angles of a Hence, x = 28°, y = 112° and z = 28°.
parallelogram is 180°, therefore, 3. Can a quadrilateral ABCD be a
x + 80° = 180° parallelogram if
 x = 180° – 80°
(i) D + B = 180° ?
 x = 100°
(ii) AB = DC = 8 cm, AD = 4 cm and BC = 4.4 cm?
x + y = 180°
(iii) A = 70° and C = 65° ?
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 100° + y = 180°
Sol. (i) If in a quadrilateral ABCD, D + B =
 y = 180° – 100°
180°, then it is not necessary that ABCD is
 y = 80°
In the parallelogram opposite angles are a parallelogram.

equal, (ii) Since AD  BC, i.e., the opposite sides are

therefore, A = C unequal, so ABCD is not a parallelogram.
100° = C (iii) Since A  C, i.e., the opposite angles are
and C + z = 180° [Linear pair] unequal, so ABCD is not a parallelogram.
 100° + z = 180°

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4. Draw a rough figure of a quadrilateral Since ABCD is a parallelogram, the sum of
that is not a parallelogram but has exactly any two adjacent angles of a
two opposite angles of equal measure. parallelogram is 180°, therefore,
Sol. x + x = 180°
A
x = 90°
In a parallelogram opposite angles are
B D
equal.
 All angles are 90° hence it is a
rectangle.
7. The adjacent figure HOPE is a
C
parallelogram. find the angle measures x,
In kite, B = D.
y and z. State the properties you use to
5. The measures of two adjacent angles of a
find them.
parallelogram are in the ratio 3 : 2. Find
the measure of each of the angles of the E P
parallelogram. x
y
Sol. Let two adjacent angles A and B of ||gm
ABCD be 3x and 2x respectively.
Since the adjacent angles of a parallelogram 40°
are supplementary. z 70°
 A + B = 180° H O X
 3x + 2x = 180° Sol. Since HOPE is a parallelogram, therefore,
 5x = 180° HE || OP and HO || EP.
 x = 36°
Now, HE || OP and transversal HO
 A = 3 × 36° = 108°
intersects them.
and, B = 2 × 36° = 72°
Since the opposite angles are equal in a  EHO = POX [ Corresponding
parallelogram, therefore, C = A = 108° angles are equal]
and D = B = 72°  40° + z = 70° z = 70° – 40° = 30°
Hence, A = 108°, B = 72°, C = 108° Again, HE || OP and transversal HP
and D = 72° intersects them.
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6. Two adjacent angles of a parallelogram

 OPH = EHP [ Alternate angles are
have equal measure. Find the measure of
each of the angles of the parallelogram. equal]
Sol. We know that rectangle is also a  y = 40°
parallelogram. Since opposite angles are equal in a
D C
parallelogram.
 HEP = HOP
x  x = 180° – POX = 180° – 70° = 110°
A B Hence, x = 110°, y = 40° and z = 30°

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NCERT Basics: Class 8
8. The following figures GUNS and RUNS are  ICO = CLU [ Corresponding s
parallelograms. Find x and y. (Lengths are
are equal]
in cm)
S 26
 ICO = 70°
N
In OIC, by angle sum property, we have
3x 18
(i) IOC + OIC + ICO = 180°

G 3y –1 U
 ICO + 60° + 70° = 180°
 IOC = 180° – 60° – 70° = 50°
S 26 N
20  x = IOC = 50° [ Vertically opp. s
3x
(ii) are equal]
R U 10. Explain how this figure is a trapezium.
Sol. (i) Since GUNS is a parallelogram, Which of its two sides are parallel?
therefore, its opposite sides are equal. N M
i.e. GS = UN and GU = SN 100°
 3x = 18, i.e., x = 6 and 3y – 1 = 26
 3y = 26 + 1 = 27  y = 9 80°
Hence, x = 6 and y = 9 K L
(ii) We know that diagonals of parallelogram Sol. Since KLM + NML = 180°
bisect each other and RN and US are i.e., the pair of consecutive interior angles
diagonals of given parallelogram RUNS. are supplementary. Therefore, KL || NM
So, y + 7 = 20  y = 13 and so KLMN is a trapezium.
and x + y = 16  x + 13 = 16  x = 3
11. Find C in the figure if AB DC .
 x = 3, y = 13
D C
9. In the figure both RISK and CLUE are
parallelograms. Find the value of x.
K E S U
120°
120° x
A B
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O
Sol. In this figure, AB||CD, also, the transversal
70°
BC intersects them.
R I C L
B + C = 180°
Sol. In the ||gm RISK, we have
[Sum of interior angles on the same side
RIS = RKS = 120° [opp. s are equal]
of transversal is 180°]
Also, OIC = 180° – RIS [Linear pair]
 OIC = 180° – 120° = 60°  120° + C = 180°
In the ||gm CLUE, CE || LU and a  C = 180° – 120°
transversal ICL intersects them.  C = 60°

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 Mathematics
12. Find the measure of P and S Sol. (a) False (b)True
if SP RQ . (If you find mR, is there more (c) True (d) False
(e) False (f) True
than one method to find mP) ?
(g) True (h) True
Sol. Since SP RQ 2. Identify all the quadrilaterals that have :
S R (a) Four sides of equal length.
(b) Four right angles.
Sol. (a) The quadrilaterals having four sides of

130°
equal length is either a square or a
Q rhombus.
(b) The quadrilaterals having four right
angles is either a square or a rectangle.
P
3. Explain how a square is
 R + S = 180° [Sum of interior (i) A quadrilateral
angles on the same side of transversal is (ii) A parallelogram
(iii) A rhombus
180°]
(iv) A rectangle
So R = S = 90° {R = 90° (Given)
Sol. (i) A square is 4 sided, so it is a
We know that the sum of the interior
quadrilateral.
angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.
(ii) A square has its opposite sides parallel, so
 P + Q + R + S = 360° it is a parallelogram.
 P + 130° + 90° + 90° = 360° (iii) A square is a parallelogram with all the
 P + 310 = 360° four sides equal, so it is a rhombus.
 P = 360° – 310° (iv) A square is a parallelogram with each
 P = 50° angle a right angle, so it is a rectangle.

EXERCISE 3.4 4. Name the quadrilaterals whose diagonals :

(i) bisect each other.
1. State whether True or False :
(ii) are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
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(a) All rectangles are squares.

(iii) are equal.
(b) All rhombuses are parallelograms.
Sol. (i) The quadrilaterals whose diagonals
(c) All squares are rhombuses and also
bisect each other can be a parallelogram
rectangles. or a rhombus or a square or a rectangle.
(d) All squares are not parallelograms. (ii) The quadrilaterals whose diagonals are
(e) All kites are rhombuses. perpendicular bisectors of each other can
(f) All rhombuses are kites. be a rhombus or a square.
(g) All parallelograms are trapeziums. (iii) The quadrilaterals whose diagonals are
(h) All squares are trapeziums. equal can be a square or a rectangle.

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NCERT Basics: Class 8
5. Explain why a rectangle is a convex Produce BO to D such that BO = OD. Join
quadrilateral. AD and DC. Then ABCD is a rectangle. In
the rectangle ABCD, its diagonals AC and
Sol. Since the measure of each angle is less BD are equal and bisect each other at O,
than 180° and also both the diagonals of a  OA = OC and OB = OD.
rectangle lie wholly in its interior, so a But AC = BD
rectangle is a convex quadrilateral. Therefore, OA = OB = OC
6. ABC is a right angled triangle and O is the Thus, O is equidistant from A, B and C.
mid point of the side opposite to the right The mid point of diagonal AC is O.
angle. Explain why O is equidistant from
A, B and C.
Sol.
A D

O
B C

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