Introduction ‘Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between the sides and angles of triangles. <2 rot sides measurement Trigonometric Ratios Let ABC be a right triangle in which 2A = 90°, side adjacent to. 2B = AB, side opposite to 2B = AC and hypotenuse = BC. With reference to 2B, we define the following ratios. known as trigonometric ratios. Side oppositeto ZB _ A Hypotenuse (i) sine of 2B = sin B= ideadjacenttozB _ AB Hypotenuse Be (ii) cosine of 2B = cos B Sideoppasite to ZB _ AC (i) tangent of 2B = tan B = ce dacentt <8 ~ AB Hypotenuse Sin B “Side opposite to 2 (iv) cosecant of 2B = cosec B > _ Side opposite to 2B 1 _ Hypotenuse _BC Side adjacent to 2B (w) secant of 2B = sec B= <3 = Tae adacenttozi ~ AB 1 __ Side adjacent 0 2B _ AB (vi) cotangenwotegBNe cot B tan B Side oppositetocB AC Relationship between trigonometric ratios Reciprocal Relations Quotient Relations ing = — _ sing sin = =p 7 cosecd = TG tan 0==G ct 03 6 > a = 038 sec == cot 6 = 1 1 tan d= 5G cotd=T5Exercise 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose the correct answer from the given options: 1. Ifcosec 6 = VIO then sec 6 = as w= oe 2. Given that sin 0 =¢, then cos 0 is equal to (rm (b)2 oF 3. Ifsin 77° = x, than the value of tan 77° is has WS Oya (a) None of these 4, IfsinA = 4, then the value of —“4is 7 Treosa 1 3 3 (a) (b)3 (92 (a2 5. If @ isan acute angle such that cos@ = 2, then SOS2Ot 5 aan te 1 i 160 (alo (b) = {a (a) 6. IftanA = yZ—1 then the value of sin A cos A= One (b) (s (a) 2v2 7. iftan @ =~ then (oer ose") (cosec? O+sec® 8) (a= t= oF a Ee (sin 6ac08 6 8. 1 7tan@ = 4 then Comoe (a) (b)2 2 ws = ppep ose) 9. iftan@ = then conecain 6) =? a (bo) 2 ope (a) 8 = pp an (asin @-beos 8) _ 10. gPtan = ptaon (asin @+beos 0) 7 (a202) (2-8) @ we om ba) aa Oa 11. If sin@ == then the value of sec + tan@ is io) = 12.18 is an acute angle such that tan? 6 = &, then the value of (a+sin @)(4-sin 8) (¥cos 8)A=cos 8) 2 8 z 64 (a) (b)> > as 13. If @ is an acute angle and 4sin @ = 3, then the value of 4sin* 9 — 3cos* @ + 2is (a2 (b) = oz (a214. 1f cos @ = 2, then the value of 2sec? @ + 2tan? @ — is (a) 2 (b) -2 (c)1 (a) 3 Ssin 82sec #42c0s 8 15. IF 3cos 9 = Ssin 6, then the value of Ssin 82sec! @-2cos 8 ae (o) 3 os (d) None of these 16. If xcos A = 8 and 15cosec A = Bsec A, then the value of x is (a) 20 (b) 16 (c)17 (a) 13 17. IFasin A = $ and 7 cosecA = 6 sec A, then the value of @ is ee (oy) oe (d) None of these 18. If Gcot @ + 2cosec 0 = cot 6 + Scosec 9, then cos 0 is 4 5 3 5 @ (b)2 ors (a)? 19. IFsin @ = x and sec 6 = y, then the value of cot is (a) xy (b) 2xy os (d)x+y 20. Iftan A = 5, then (sin A + cos A).sec is equal to u 1B 2 7 @# (3 Os Op 21. In A ABC, if AB = 2BC, 2B = 90°, then the value of sec Ais 4 90° B C 2 8 & 1 @s to) 2 os az 22. In the given figure, if AD = 4 cm, BD = 3 cm and CB = 12cm, then cot @ = A 12 5 2 2 (a2 () 2 (2 2 23. In a APQR, 2Q = 90°. If PQ = 10 cmand = 15 cm. Then, the value of tan? P + sec? P+1is @s (5 ws (=24. In a A ABC itis given that 2B = 90° and AB : AC = 1: V2. The value of (22) is (5 (1 ()= (d) None of these 25. The two legs AB and BC of right triangle ABC are in a ratio 1 : 3. What will be the value of sin C? (2) V0 Om OF (9; 26. in the given figure, D is the mid-point of BC, then the value of S°-*-is A PS D B (a)2 (by > ()4 (a> 27. ABC is right-angled triangle, right-angled at B. If BC = 7 cmand AC — AB = 1cm, then cos A + sin A equals @ we = (oe Trigonometric ratios of some standard angles Angle + o° 30° 45° 60° 90° T— ratio! sind 0 1 1 Red 1 2 v2 2 cos 1 3 a 1 0 z va 2 tan@ 0 1 1 a « 3 cot © 3 1 1 0 3 sec 1 2 V2 2 « 3 cosec © 2 vz 2 1 B The value of sin @ and cos @ never exceeds 1, whereas the value of sec@ and cosec @ is always greater than or equal to 1.Exercise 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose the correct answer from the given options: 1. The value of (sin 30° + cos 30°) — (sin 60° + cos 60°) is (a)-1 (b)0 (a (a2 2. If 2sin 26 = y3then 0 = (2) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (a) 90° 3. If 2cos 39 = 1then@ = {a) 10° {b) 15° (c) 20° (a) 30° 4. If V3tan 20-3 = 0 then = (a) 15° (b) 30° (45° (a) 60° 5. If2sin5 = 1 then the value of x is {a) 30° {b) 45° (c) 60° (a) 90° 6. Given that sin « =+ and cos # = +, then the value of (a + 6) is (a) 0" {b) 30° (c) 60" (4) 90° 7. tana = and tan B = V3, then tan(A +B) is (2)0 we (91 (do 8. iftana = V3 and sec B = = then sin(a ~ f) = as (bo) (3 (2 9. Ifa +f = 90° anda = 28, then cos? a + sin? f is equal to (a1 (o) > (oz (@)2 10. In an acute angled triangle ABC, if tan(A + B — C) = 1 and sec(B + C — A) = 2 then the value of 2B is est (b) 522 (953% (@)insufficient data 11.{fsin B = + then the value of 3 cos B — 4cos* B = (2 (b= Oz (a)0 es eee Yo 12. If cosec A = 2 then the value of nd ¥ iia © (az (b) 2 (v2 (d) None of these 13. Ifsin 6 — cos @ = 0, then the value of (sin* 9 + cos‘ 6) is (e)1 (2 (3 (a) 14. (cos 0° + sin 30° + sin 45°)(sin 90° + cos 60° — cos 45°) = we (bys (o2 5 15. sin? 30° + 4cot? 45° ~ sec? 60° =? (ao (b> (4 (a) 116. 3cos” 60° + 2cot* 30° — Ssin? 45° = 13 17 @e (2 CB (a4 17. cos? 30°cos? 45° + 4sec” 60° + cos 90° — 2tan? 60° = 2 18 at 83 las (b> Oy (a> 3sin_30°+4cos* 45°-cot® 30° 18. The value of eS eS 1 1 2 3 (a5 (b)5 (oz (a)= Scos? 60°+4sec? 30°—tan? 45°. 19. The value tae is 2 14 “ Fe (a= (b= Oa (d) 5 sin 30"4tan 45°~cosec 60° 20. ‘sec 30°+c0s 60°+cot 45° 3Y342 3y3-4 3y3+8 (a) Svea wt OF (d) None of these 21. The value of 4(sin* 60° + cos* 60°) — 3(cos? 45° — sin? 90°) — sin? 60° is 4 13 9 4 (a4 (3 @2 (a) 22. If x tan 45°cos 60° = sin 60°cot 60°, then x is equal to. 1 1 (aya (b) V3 ( Wz xcosec? 30°sec? . é z=} 28 ran cen = tan? 60° — tan? 30°, then x= (a)1 (b) -1 (c)2 (d)0 24. Ifthe value of “*""*5" is 2.5, then the value of kis (a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (4) 90° 25. If V3 tan 2x = cos 60° + sin 45° cos 45° then the value of x is (a) 15° (b) 30° (0) 45° (d) 60° 26. if triangle ABC is right angled at C, then the value of sec(A + B) is (ao (bo) OF (d) not defines 27. 1n A ABC, if AB = BC, 2B = 90", then the value sin A is A 90° B Cc # aly (oS (Jo (a) 28, ABC is a triangle right angled at C and AC = V3BC. Then ZABC = (a) 30° (b) 60" (c) 90° (4) 0° 29. in A ABC right angled at B, if tan A = V3, then cos Acos C — sin Asin C = fa)-1 (b) 0 1 ae30. The value of cos 1° cos 2° cos 3° ... cos 180° is (a)0 (ot Ory (d) cannot be determined Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles > sin(90° - 6) = cos@ > cos(90° - 6) = sind > tan(90°— 6) = cod > cot(90° - 6) = tand > sec(90°— 8) = cosecd > cosec(90° — 0) = seco Exercise 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose the correct answer from the given options: tan 35” cot 78° _ a cotss* tani2° (a)0 (b) 1 (2 (d) -2 cos 55* 440570" cosec20" : 2. The value of Jsina5" TtanS*tanzs"tan 4s" tangs; tangas’ > (als (1 (9-2 (a)0 cosas? | tan27°tan 6a! 3. The value of — tan? 60° is sinss }sinaor (a) (b)1 (a0 4, The value of tan 10° tan 15° tan 75° tan 80° is (a) 0 (b)1 (3 (a) -1 5. tan S*tan 25°tan 30°tan 65°tan 85° (a)4 (6) V3 (1 (d) none of these 6. (o)> (2 (a3 (0 7. The value of tan(90°-A) {a} cos? A (b) 0 (c) sin? A (a1 cat (@0°=6) sin( cot 40" Bc 5 8. <3 +2 — (cos* 20° + cos? 70°) =? (ajo (b) 1 (Q-1 (4) none of these cas(o0°-6)sec(9e"=é)tané__, tan(Go°=8) 9. The value of -o0"=a)sin(o0"-o) 22. ifsin 6 =3,then [ec eso @> o> 3. (secA + tan A)(1 — sin A) = (a) sin A (b) cos A iosin a 4. Jaasina = {a)sec A+ tan A (c) sec Atan A frees A 5. Jrecos a= (a) cosec A - cot A (c) cosec Acot A oz (2 (c)sec A (d) cosec A (b) sec A-tan A {d) none of these {b) cosec 4 + cot A {d) none of these 6. is equal to cos 9 1-cos @ a-cos asin @ (2) sin @ (b) cos 6 () sin 8 (a) cos 6 7. (cosec — cot@)* = a+cos 9 s-cos 8 ising 2) oss () SS8E (a) none of these cos 8 8, SA + eS is equal to {ao (b) 1 (c)sin@+cos @ (a) sin @—cos 6 tang | ane, 9, RE + Sis equal to (2) 2tan 8 (b) 2sec 0 (c) 2cosec 8 (d) 2tan Osec 0 10, eeetteet_ “cos? x=1-tan? x (a) —cosec xtan x (c) —cosec xcot x () —sec xtan x (d) —sec xcot x 11. (cosec@ — sin )(sec@ — cos 0)(tan@ + cot 9) is equal (a0 (b) 1 12.sec* A— sec? Ais equal to (a) tan? A—tan* A {c)tan* A+ tan? A 13. cos* A= sin* Ais equal to (2) 2cos* A+4 (b) 2cos? A- 1 ()-1 (d) None of these (b) tan* A — tan? A (d) None of these (c) 2sin? A-1 (d) 2sin? A+1 14. 2(sin® @ + cos® @) — 3(sin* @ + cos* @) is equal to (ao (1 cos? @+sin® 8 | cos? @-sin® 6 as: cos O+sin 0 oH ‘cos @=sind (a)0 (1 ()-1 (4) None of these (2 (d) -2 16. The value of (1 + tan @ + sec@)(1 + cot @ — cosec@) is (a) 0 (b) 1 17. (sin @ + cosec 0)? + (cos @ + sec 6)* = (c)2 (a) -118, 19. 20. 2 2: a 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 ay x 6. 8. 8 0. (a) (5 + tan? @ + cot? 0) (b) (3 + tan? @ + cot? 0) (c) (7+ tan? @ + cot? 6) (d) (9 + tan? 6+ cot? 0) Ifcos A +cos? A = 1, then the value of sin? A+ sin’ Ais (a0 (bo) 1 (9-1 (42 6x = sec @ and® = tan @, then 9(x? - 4) = 2 1 1 1 a3 w+ (a2 (at Ifsec @ + tan 6 = x, the value of sec @ is (2)2(x-+) = (o2(x +4) (d) none of them If x = acos 8 and y = bsin 9, then b*x? + a*y? = (a) a2b? (b) ab (c)a*b* (d).a? + b? -IFx = asec 9 and y = btan 6, then b2x? — a2y? = (a) ab (b) a? —b? (a? +b? (d) a?b? fx = asin@ andy = btan then the value of | — Sis (a) 1 {b)-1 (0 (a) |. Ifacos 8 + bsin @ = mand asin @ — bcos @ = n, then a? + b? = (a) m? — n? (b) m?n? (co) n? — m? (d) m? + n? .Ifx = rsin Ocos $,y = rsin @sin @ and z = reos 8, then (a)x? +y? +2? =r? (b) x? + y?- 2? =r? (x? -y? +2? = 1? (274? -x?2 =7? ifsin 6 + cos @ = mand sec 8 + cosec 8 = n, then n(m? — 1) = (a) -2m (b) 2m (g2 (a2 If tan x + sin x = mand tan x — sin x =n then m? — n? is equal to (a) 4vmn (b) vm (c) 2Vmn (d) none of them Ifsin 6 +.cos @ = V2cos @,(@ # 90) then the value of tan @ is (a)V2=1 (b) V241 () v2 (a) -v2 .Ifsin 6+ cos @ = V2cos 8, then the value of cos @ — sin @ is (2) V2cos 8 (b) V2sin 8 () V2 cos 0 (4) -V2sing If (tan@ + cot @) = 5 then (tan? 0 + cot” 9) =? (a) 27 (b) 25 (c) 24 (d) 23 . If (cos 9 — sec) = = then (cos? 0 + sec? 6) =? Old (2 (2 (a) IF 7sin? A +3cos* A= 4, then tan A= (; (5 OF ze .iftan 6 -+—+> = 2, then the value of cosec 4 is tae(a1 ws (v2 2 34, Iftan a + cot a = 2, then tan?° @ + cot”? @ = (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 20 (a) 270 35. If V3cot® 8 — 4cot + V3 = 0, then the value of tan? @ + cot? @ is @s ()= 2 = 36. If 1 + sin? a = 3sin acos a@, then values of cot @ are (a)-1,1 (b) 5.1 (1.2 (4) -1,-1 Answer Key Exercise 1 1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (cd) 4. (a) 5. (e) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9 40. (o) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13.(d) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17.(b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (d) 21. (c) 22. (a) 23.(c) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (a) Exercise 2 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. () 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15.(b) 16. (b) 17. (4) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (b) 21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (a) Exercise 3 1.) 2. (0) 3. (@) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6 (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b) 13.(d) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (b) Exercise 4 1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6 (0) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (¢) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17.(¢) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c) 21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (d) 31.(d) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (c)