STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

1.What is the meaning of the method?

2.What are its steps?
3.Why use the method?What are the advantages and disadvantages of the method?
3.What are the guidelines for its effective use?
( before , during and after)
4. What are examples of RESEARCHES conducted about this method?
5. What are its possible outcomes?
6. How to facilitate the method? Why should the method be applied and WHY?
7. What are the arguments about the method?

ANSWERS/DISCUSSIONS:

1.Meaning of the method

Historically, demonstration was first used in Biology or Sciences as a planned manipulation of

equipment and manifestations of one or more principles.According to Garcia ( 1989 ) and Ellis
( 1986),demonstration is sometimes called Imitative Method.The teacher models the behaviors of
presentations,analyses and syntheses.The students/ pupils become observers and recorders of
information and skills.This is accomplished by using appropriate oral and visual explanation.
Illustrations and questions.Demonstration is a learning activity which is performed by a student,
a group of 3-4 members or a teacher while the rest become observers.

2.The steps of Demonstration Method are:

a.)Purposing
-The class decides on an activity which involves the process of demonstration.The teacher may
suggest it but he should not impose it on them, he may encourage them to go through with it but he
should not dictate it on them.

b.)Planning
This phase consist of the object of the demonstration,the person or persons to conduct it,the
materials to be needed ,and the date ,time and place of the activity.If an outside resource speaker will be
invited,necessaryarrangements like a letter or invitation should be made.

c.)Demonstration Proper
Before the demonstration is done,all the preliminaries should have been prepared.
(-materials,procedure, and the physical arrangement of the classroom.)

d.) Executing
Students are expected to carry out or repeat performance shown during the activity.During this
phase,the teacher should keep a close watch of the students performance for the may likely need his
assistance and further explanation.

e.) Evaluation
This is done to assess how successful the students are in following certain instructions,in
duplicating an observed phenomenon,and in showing their activity.
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonstration Method:

ADVANTAGES:

● It enhance observation skill of the students.

● It helps to bring the clinical situation in the classroom
●Though, teacher behavior is autocratic, he invites the cooperation of pupils in teaching –learning process
●It develops interest in the learners and motivates them for their active participation.
●It helps in achieving psychomotor objectives.
●Any simple or complex becomes easy to understand.
●Participants are able to see, feel and participate directly in the learning process and the enhanced
learning ability of those being instructed.
●Learner have the opportunity to engage in self-directed learning at a pace that suits the particular
Student
●The value of self-confidence level of the learners is enhanced.

DISADVANTAGES:

● It can be used only for skills subjects

● Only the attention of the learners is invited towards the activity demonstrated. They are not free to
discuss about it
● Due to poor economic conditions of the government schools.
● There is a general lack of sincerity and diligence among teachers who wish to complete the syllabus or
syllabi at the earliest without putting sincere efforts
● Include some students feeling left behind when others advance at a faster rate, which
decreases student morale in the classroom.
●Teachers may also not be able to assist all students due to time and space limitations.
● Becomes a failure when the number of learners are greater.

3. Guidelines for its effective use:

Before,the demonstrators must be well selected. The materials to be used are easily available.
The demonstrator must be ready with the materials and tools to be used.The demonstrator must try
the activity several times before the real demonstration for a smooth sequencing of the steps as well
as accuracy of the result.Importanly,the observers or learners must be prepared and motivated.They
must be arranged around the demonstration area or at a distance where they will be able to observe fully
what is going on.Pointers or questions may be given to focus students attention and avoid irrelevant
observations Due to the diverse learners, demonstrators must be ready with on- the –spot revisions.
During the demonstration,the place must be quiet.Extreme care must be observed in performing
Some delicate steps.It must be taken into consideration that the activity must not be interrupted.For older
learners they are allowed to take down notes or records some data.For the primary level,the
demonstrator must see to it that the procedures are asked after every execution for mastery.
After the demonstration of the teacher,learners are allowed to ak some questions for
verification.An examination follows in the form of question or sequencing of the observed data.The
learners may now be assessed by doing on their own.
4. Examples of RESEARCHES conducted about this demonstration method.

a. The Effectiveness of Teachers' Use of Demonstrations for Enhancing Students' Understanding

of and Attitudes to Learning the Oxidation-Reduction Concept

b. Impact of Teaching Strategies: Demonstration and Lecture Strategies and Impact of Teacher Effect on
Academic Achievement in Engineering Education

c. Methods and Teaching Strategies Used by Teacher Education Faculty Members in one State
University in the Philippines
d. Effect of Demonstration Method of Teaching on Students’ Achievement in Agricultural Science

e. Comparative study of the influence of lecture and demonstration methods on the teaching of
Agricultural Science in Senior Secondary Schools in Bende Local Government Area

f. Effect of Demonstration Method on Students’ Academic Performance in Basic Technology in

Secondary Schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

5. Possible outcomes
In demonstration method,it follows a sysytematic procedure,wastage of time ,effort and
resources will be avoided since the demonstration well planned.it will not result to trial and error
learning. Curiosity and keen observing ability are instilled among the learners/observers. The result is
accurate since the procedure has been tried before.Demonstration approach developed and sustained
students' learning interests, which led to their better off achievement. Demonstrations are most likely to
be successful in teaching manipulative and operative skills, in showing how to carry out new practices,
in securing the acceptance of new and improved ways of things, and in developing psychomotor skills

6. Facilitating a demonstration method.

a.Organize And Deliver A Purposeful Lesson.

Effective teachers must be well-prepared, well-organized, and purposeful in their
instruction.When preparing, make sure you are clear about the objective of the lesson. In the classroom,
begin by telling students the goal of the lesson so they have clear expectations.Choose a lesson subject
that you know inside and out.

b. Respond To All Learners.

Effective teachers recognize the wide range of needs among diverse learners in the classroom.
They use knowledge of how their students learn along with their students’ individual interests, strengths,
challenges, language, cultural backgrounds, and developmental needs to mold their lessons.Begin the
lesson by getting to know the learners, and building rapport.

3. Manage The Class.

Effective teachers create the conditions for a safe, productive learning environment. They have a
plan for a well-managed classroom .Begin the lesson by setting ground rules (norms) for successful
learning (e.g., respect, safety, responsibility).Use specific positive feedback to motivate students and set
a positive tone for learning.
 4. Reflect And Make Adjustments In The Moment Of Teaching.
Effective teachers work from a well-conceived plan of action. However, during instruction they
should monitor their students’ learning and make changes to their lesson plans as needed.

7. Arguments about the method:

This teaching method can be effective if the students are attentive and want to learn. It can also
work if the teacher is dedicated to his or her profession and willing to spend time to create or prepare the
demonstration models.The effect can be even better if the teacher can encourage students to listen and
watch. It’s also better to discuss the presentation, model or skills afterwards for a better understanding of
the concept. This way, students will find it easier to apply the new knowledge step-by-step in the
practical field.

References:

1.Lydia N. Agro.Principles of Teaching 2,A Modular Approach

2.Victorino O. Acero,Ph.D,Evelyn S. Javier,M.A,Herminia O. Castro M.A.Principle and Strategies of

Teaching

3.Gaudencio V. Aquino,Principles and Methos of Teaching

4.Gloria G. Salandanan,Methods of Teaching

5.Amparo S. Lardizabal,Alicia S. Bustos,Luz C. Buco,Maura G. Tangco.Principles and Methods

Of Teaching

6. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,Medieval Theories of Demonstration.Published Aug.12,2005

7. Adom, D., Adam, S., and Agyemang, O. (2016) Effective Instructional Methods and Strategies for
Teaching Art History. Vol. 4. International Journal of Art and Art History.
8. https://www.legit.ng/1142120-definition-advantages-disadvantages-demonstration-method-
teaching.html

9. https://www.legit.ng/1142120-definition-advantages-disadvantages-demonstration-method-
teaching.html

10. Bob Burgess (2018) The Educational theory of Socrates. Published online at
https://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Socrates.html