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Java Multithreading Guide

This document provides a detailed guide on Java Multithreading, covering topics from basic concepts to advanced techniques. It includes methods for defining and starting threads, thread priorities, synchronization, inter-thread communication, and handling deadlocks. The guide emphasizes practical coding examples and case studies to enhance understanding and readiness for interviews.

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ganeshpolisetti7801
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2 views5 pages

Java Multithreading Guide

This document provides a detailed guide on Java Multithreading, covering topics from basic concepts to advanced techniques. It includes methods for defining and starting threads, thread priorities, synchronization, inter-thread communication, and handling deadlocks. The guide emphasizes practical coding examples and case studies to enhance understanding and readiness for interviews.

Uploaded by

ganeshpolisetti7801
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Multithreading - Ultimate Beginner to

Advanced Guide
✨ Agenda
1. Introduction to Multithreading
2. Ways to Define, Instantiate, and Start a Thread
3. Getting and Setting Name of a Thread
4. Thread Priorities
5. Methods to Prevent (Stop) Thread Execution
o yield()
o join()
o sleep()
6. Synchronization
7. Inter-Thread Communication
8. Deadlock
9. Daemon Threads

1. 🌟 Introduction to Multitasking and Multithreading


🔹 Multitasking:
Performing multiple tasks at the same time to improve performance and
reduce response time.

Types of Multitasking:
1. Process-Based Multitasking
2. Thread-Based Multitasking
✅ Process-Based Multitasking:
 Each task is an independent process.
 Heavyweight - consumes more memory.
 Example: Listening to music while editing code in VS Code.
 Used at Operating System level.
✅ Thread-Based Multitasking:
 Multiple tasks (threads) inside a single program.
 Lightweight - threads share the same memory.
 Example: Java game with background music, animation, and scoring
logic in separate threads.
 Used at Program level.
2. 🔎 Ways to Define, Instantiate, and Start a Thread
Java provides two ways to create a thread:

🔹 Method 1: Extending Thread Class


class MyThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Child thread");
}
}

public class Demo {


public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t = new MyThread(); // Instantiate
t.start(); // Start new thread
}
}

How start() Works:


 Creates a new thread (new call stack)
 Registers thread with Thread Scheduler
 Calls run() method internally
Note: If you call t.run() directly, it will run in the main thread like a
normal method.

🔹 Method 2: Implementing Runnable Interface


class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Runnable thread");
}
}

public class Demo {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Runnable r = new MyRunnable();
Thread t = new Thread(r); // Pass Runnable to Thread
t.start(); // Start new thread
}
}

Why Prefer Runnable?


 More flexible (Java supports only single inheritance)
 Recommended for real-world applications
⚡ Difference between start() and run():
Method New Thread? Execution Type
start() Yes Multithreaded
run() No Single-threaded

3. 🌐 Getting and Setting Thread Name


Thread t = new Thread();
t.setName("MyThread");
System.out.println(t.getName());

Default names: Thread-0, Thread-1, …

4. 🔹 Thread Priorities
Each thread has a priority (1 to 10):
 Thread.MIN_PRIORITY = 1
 Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5 (default)
 Thread.MAX_PRIORITY = 10
t.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);

Note: Thread Scheduler may or may not respect priority depending on JVM.

5. 🔒 Methods to Control Thread Execution


✈ yield():
Temporarily pauses current thread and gives chance to other threads with
same or higher priority.

⏳ sleep(ms):
Pauses current thread for specific milliseconds.
Thread.sleep(1000); // 1 sec

✋ join():
Waits for a thread to die.
t.join();
6. 🔐 Synchronization
Used to handle concurrency problems when multiple threads access shared
resources.

Example:
synchronized void display() {
// critical section
}

7. ✊ Inter-Thread Communication
Used when threads want to communicate or wait for each other.

Important Methods:
 wait()
 notify()
 notifyAll()

These must be called inside synchronized blocks.

8. ❌ Deadlock
When two or more threads are waiting for each other to release resources
and no thread is able to proceed.

Example:
Thread A locks resource1, waits for resource2 Thread B locks resource2,
waits for resource1

9. 🚀 Daemon Threads
Threads running in background (e.g., garbage collector).

Properties:
 Automatically terminates when all user threads finish.
 Must be set before start():
t.setDaemon(true);
📅 Thread Lifecycle Diagram
1. New (Created)
2. Runnable (start() called)
3. Running (Thread Scheduler picks it)
4. Waiting/Blocked/Sleeping
5. Dead (run() completed or terminated)

⚠ IllegalThreadStateException
Thread t = new Thread();
t.start();
t.start(); // Exception: Thread already started!

This document serves as a comprehensive and interview-ready explanation


of Java Multithreading, from basics to advanced. Practice code examples and
try case studies to build confidence!

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