Department of Education

9 National Capital Region

S CHOOL S DIVISION OFF ICE
M ARIK INA C ITY

TLE-Information and Communication Technology

Computer System Servicing
First Quarter-Module 2
Assemble Computer Hardware

Writer: Joe Mar O. Pangue

Illustrator: Jee-jay B. Canillo
Cover Illustrator: Christopher E. Mercado

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the assembling of electronic products. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Motherboard and its Parts

• Lesson 2 –PC (Personal Computer) Assembly and Disassembly Procedures

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. State the definition and function of a motherboard;
2. Identify the parts of a motherboard;
3. Distinguish the proper procedure in assembling and disassembling a personal
computer;
4. Apply the correct procedure of assembling and disassembling a personal computer.

What I Know
Read each statement carefully. Put a if the statement is true, and if false, write the correct
answer on the space provided.
1.The oldest of the main boards, these
motherboards were used in earlier 286/386 AT Motherboard
or 486 computers.
2.It is a motherboard component in the form CPU
of an Integrated chip.
3. To hold computer essential parts and
connecting parts together in place to receive Motherboard
power and to communicate with one
another.
4.The cell is responsible for storing the RAM
information in BIOS.
5. Used to install the processor on the BIOS
motherboard.
Lesson

1 Motherboard and its Parts

In this lesson, you will look at what a motherboard looks like and the major
components that reside there. You will explore the internet and find out what the
motherboard and its components do and how the motherboard interacts with its
various components. It is here to help you to better understand and identify
components of a computer.

What’s In
The motherboard defines the computer's limits of speed, memory, and expandability.
A computer needs more than just a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and memory. To
accept input from the user, it needs devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse. It also
needs output devices, like monitors and sound cards, to cope with the powerful
graphics and sound capabilities of the programs available today. A computer also
needs "permanent" storage devices, such as floppy disk drives and hard disk drives,
to store data when it is turned off. It is the function of the motherboard to provide the
connectivity for all these devices.

What’s New

Understanding Motherboard
The motherboard is the PC's center of activity. All devices in a computer are in some
way connected to the motherboard. It hosts the largest single collection of chips of
any PC component and serves as the "street system" for the grid of wires that link all
the components, making it possible for them to communicate.

What is It

Motherboard
The motherboard is the large printed circuit board found inside the system unit
case. It is often referred to as the system board or main board because it contains
the microprocessor, chipsets, the main memory (RAM), and the ROM BIOS. The
motherboard also contains several connectors that attach the different devices to
complete the computer system.

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The function of the motherboard is to
hold computer essential parts and
connecting parts together in place to
receive power and to communicate with
one another.

Different types of Motherboard

AT Motherboards

The oldest of the main boards, these

motherboards were used in earlier
286/386 or 486 computers. The AT
means the board consists of advanced technology(AT) power connectors.
There are two power connectors of 6 pin each mounted on the AT
motherboards. The AT motherboards were available in the early 80’s.

Baby AT Motherboard

ATX Motherboards

The ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended)motherboards started in 90’s and are

still available. The ATX connector on the motherboard consists of a single
connector. These boards are used for P2/P3 or P/4 processors.

Pentium I Processors Pentium II Processor Motherboard Components

The motherboard consists of various components which have their own role to
play in the functioning of a computer. Let us discuss various motherboard
components and know their definition and role.

ATX Motherboard

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Expansion Slots
ISA slots. These were the oldest expansion slots in
the history of motherboards. They were found in AT
boards and are identified by black color.
Conventional display cards or sound cards were
installed in these slots. The full form of ISA is
Industry Standard Architecture and is a 16- bit
bus.
PCI Slots. The full form of PCI is Peripheral
Component Interconnect. The PCI slot is one of the
important motherboard components today and is
vastly used to install add-on cards on the
motherboard. The PCI supports 64-bit high-speed
bus.

PCI express. Also known as PCIe, these are the

latest and the fastest component of the
motherboard to support addon cards. It supports
full duplex serial bus.

AGP slot. Accelerated graphics port (AGP) is

specifically used to install a latest graphics card.
AGP runs on a 32-bit bus and both PCIe and AGP can be used to install high-end
gaming display cards.

RAM(memory) slots
SIMM slots. The full form is a single in-line memory
module. These slots were found in older
motherboards, up to 486-boards. The SIMM
supports 32-bit bus.

DIMM slots. The full form of DIMM is a Double inline memory module. These are
the latest RAM slots which run on a faster 64-bit bus. The DIMM used on Laptop
boards are called SO-DIMM.

SDRAM-DIMM SODIMM
CPU Socket
Another vital motherboard component is the CPU socket which is used to install the
processor on the motherboard. Some important sockets are explained below.
Socket7. It is a 321 pin socket that supported older processors like Intel Pentium
1/2/MMX, AMD k5/K6, and Cyrix M2.

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Socket370. It is a 370 pin socket that supports Celeron processors and Pentium-3
processors.
Socket 775. It is a 775-pin socket that supports Inter dual core, C2D, P-4 and Xeon
processors.
Socket 1156. Found on latest types of motherboards, it is an 1156-pin socket that
supports latest Intel i-3, i-5 and i-7 processors.
Socket 1366. The socket is of 1366 pins and supports latest i-7 900 processors.

Socket 7 Socket 370 Socket 775 Socket 1156 Socket 1366

BIOS
The full form of BIOS is Basic Input Output System. It is a motherboard
component in the form of an Integrated chip. This chip contains all the information
and settings of the motherboard which you can modify by entering the BIOS mode
from your computer.

Northbridge
It is an Intel chipset that communicates with the computer
processor and controls interaction with memory, the
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, Level 2 cache,
and all Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) activities.

Southbridge
It is the chip that controls all of the computers I/O functions,
such as USB (Universal Serial Bus), audio, serial, the system
BIOS, the ISA bus, the interrupt controller and the IDE
channels.

CMOS Battery
The battery or a cell is a 3.0 Volts lithium type cell. The cell is
responsible for storing the information in BIOS and the full
form is Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor.

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Power Connectors

In order to receive power from SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply), there are
connectors mounted on the motherboards.

AT connector. It consists of 2 number of 6 pin male connectors

and is found on old types of motherboards.

ATX connector. The latest in the series of power connectors,

they are either 20 or 24 pin female connectors. Found in all the
latest types of motherboards.

IDE connector
The Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) connectors are used
to interface disk drives. The 40-pin male connector is used
to connect IDE hard disk drives and the 34-pin male
connector connects to Floppy Disk Drive.

SATA connector
Latest in the series, the connectors, Serial Advance
Technology Attachment(SATA) are 7-pin connectors to
interface latest SATA hard disks or optical drives. They are
much faster than IDE interface.

I/O Interface Connectors

Choosing a right type of motherboard that is compatible with other parts of
computer is vital step in determining the overall speed of your PC. Once you learn
about various motherboard components, you can easily assemble your own PC or
solve the basic hardware issues in motherboard.

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 What’s More
Name the given part shown in each picture. What can you form when you connect these
pictures? Write your own answer on the blank.

1. 2.
_________________ ___________________

3. 4.

____________________ __________________________

___________________
Answer

What I Have Learned

1. The function of the motherboard is ____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Three (3) things I learned were:

• ______________________________________________________________
• ______________________________________________________________
• ______________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

For online learners:

Using the link below, please watch and study the short video and answer the
following guide questions, then send your answer to your teacher through email or
messenger.

Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_QeARrpjVc

Now, for you to better understand the topic under the parts of motherboard, dig deep into
your mind and answer the following essential questions:

1. Write the three (3) things you have learned from the short video.
2. What is the most interesting part of the video? Explain your answer.

For offline learners:

Motherboard Parts Compared to Human Body
Now, for you to better understand the topic under the motherboard and its parts, dig
deep into your mind and compare the motherboard to the nervous system in terms
of function of each part. Write your answer on the rectangle below.

Assessment

Self-Check 1.1
Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided. 3pts each.

1. What is a motherboard?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the importance of motherboard?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 3. List all the common parts of the motherboard?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Self-Check 1.2
Name the given parts of the motherboard below. Write your answer on the space provided.

Activities Additional

Who Am I?
Hi there, today we are going to reflect ourselves using the parts of the motherboard. If
you were given a chance to be one of the components of motherboard what would
it be and why? Write your answer on the box below.

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 Lesson
2. PC Assembly and
2 Disassembly Procedures

One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer systems servicing is to
independently assemble and disassemble a personal computer or simply setting up a
PC. After familiarizing with all the components and safety precautions, you are now
ready to gain another experience in CSS by going through this lesson. It is here to
help you to better understand and recognize the proper procedures in assembling
and disassembling a personal computer.

What I Know

Read the statements carefully. Put a check mark on the appropriate box of your answer.
Statement TRUE FALSE
1.Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have
the tools you need and they're all close by and handy.
2. A video adapter card is the interface between a computer and
a display monitor.
3.CPU is used to distribute electricity from the power supply to
the motherboard and other components.
4.The CPU fan is located right on top of the Power supply, which
is a large piece of metal with fins on the top.
5.External cable connections include monitor, keyboard, power,
mouse, Ethernet & USB.

What’s In
Computer assembly and disassembly is a large part of a technician's job. They need
to work in a logical and methodical manner when working with computer
components. The assembly and disassembly system proposed here also has a
modelling system, the information necessary for the planning of tasks, generating the
assembly and disassembly sequence, and planning of the proper installing the
components. Improve computer assembly and disassembly skills dramatically with
practice.

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 What’s New
Understanding PC Assembly and Disassembly
Assembling and disassembling a computer is not a difficult task but requires keen
observation and knowledge of the different components of the system. You need to be
extra careful when fitting in these components and make sure that they are not to be
fitted forcefully but firmly. In case of hardware failure or to install new add-on cards,
you need to have a good knowledge of assembling and disassembling a computer
system.

What is It

Personal Computer Assembly

Assembling a computer seems like a difficult job, however, once you get used to it,
you will realize that it’s easier done than said. You need to be cautious about putting
the right components in the right place and make sure that all screws are properly
tight.

Follow the steps below to properly assemble a

computer system.

1. Open the Case

• Prepare the workspace before
opening the computer case:
• Adequate lighting
• Good ventilation
• Comfortable room temperature
• Workbench accessible from all
sides
• Avoid cluttering workbench
• An antistatic mat on the table
• Small containers to hold screws and other small parts
2. Install the Power Supply
• Power supply installation steps include the following:
1. Insert the power supply into the case
2. Align the holes in the power supply with the holes in the case
3. Secure the power supply to the case using the proper screws.

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3. Attach Components to the Motherboard
• CPU on Motherboard
• Heat Sink/Fan Assembly
• Install RAM

4. Install Motherboard
1. Install standoffs in the computer case.
2. Align the I/O connectors on the back of the motherboard with the openings in
the back of the case.
3. Align the screw holes of the motherboard with the standoffs
4. Insert all the motherboard screws.
5. Tighten all the motherboard screws.

5. Install Internal Drives

Drives that are installed in internal bays are called internal drives. A hard disk
drive (HDD) is an example of an internal drive. HDD installation steps:

1. Position the HDD so that it aligns with the 3.5-inch drive bay.
2. Insert the HDD into the drive bay so that the screw holes in the drive line
up with the screw holes in the case.

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 3. Secure the HDD to the case using the proper screws.

6. Install Drives in External Bays

• Drives, such as optical drives (CD and DVD) and floppy drives, are installed
in drive bays that are accessed from the front of the case.
• Optical drives and floppy drives store data on removable media.
• Drives in external bays allow access to the media without opening the
case.

7. Install the Video Adapter Card

• A video adapter card is the interface between a computer and a display
monitor.
• An upgraded video adapter card can provide better graphic capabilities for
games and graphic programs.
• Video adapter card installation steps
1. Align the video adapter card to the appropriate expansion slot on the
motherboard.
2. Press down gently on the video adapter card until the card is fully
seated.
3. Secure the video adapter card PC mounting bracket to the case with
the appropriate screw.

8. Connect Internal Cables

• Power cables are used to distribute electricity from the power supply to the
motherboard and other components.

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 • Data cables transmit data between the motherboard and storage devices,
such as hard drives.
• Additional cables connect the buttons and link lights on the front of
the computer case to the motherboard.

9. Re-attach Side Panels

• Most computer cases have two panels, one on each side.
• Once the cover is in place, make sure that it is secured at all screw
locations.
• Refer to the documentation or manufacturer’s website if you are unsure
about how to remove or replace your computer case.
• CAUTION: Handle case parts with care. Some computer case covers
10. Connect External Cables
• After the case panels have been re-attached, connect the external cables to
the back of the computer.
• External cable connections include: Monitor Keyboard Power Mouse
Ethernet USB
• CAUTION: When attaching cables, never force a connection. NOTE:
Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.

11. Boot Computer for the First Time

• The BIOS is a set of instructions stored in a nonvolatile memory chip.

have sharp or jagged edges.

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 • When the computer is booted, the basic
input/output system (BIOS) will
perform a power-on self-test (POST) to
check on all of the
internal components.
• A special key or combination of keys on
the keyboard is used to enter the BIOS
setup program.
• The BIOS setup program displays
information about all of the components in the computer.

Personal Computer Disassembly

Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools you
need and they're all close by and handy and be sure to have a container to
keep the screws in, so you have them when you want to put things back
together.

1. Power off the system

The first thing you do is to off the power of your personal computer.

2. Unplug power cables

Unplug every cable that is plugged in to your computer. That includes the cables such
as Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet, Modem,
AM\FM Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the cables for safety purposes.

3. Detach the side panels /open the case

First, unscrew the four screws at the back of the computer.
On most c omputer cases, there will be large knobs that you
can unscrew by hand or by screwdriver on the back -right side
of the computer.

4. Remove the system fan

First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You can find the plug by following

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 the wire from the fan. It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1". Next, you will have to
unscrew the fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the
Pc

5. Remove the CPU fan

The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat sink, which is a large piece of
metal with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into the motherboard in an awkward
place, that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and you should easily find
it. It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To remove the fan from the heat sink, remove the four
screws securing it in place.

6. Remove the power supply

The first thing to do is unplug every wire coming from the power supply. You must
disconnect the motherboard (very large connector/plug), CD/DVDdrive(s) power,
internal hard drive power and portable hard drive slot power.

7. Remove CD/DVD drives

First, unplug the ribbon from the back of the drive. Once that is completed, pull on
the tab securing the drive-in place, then push it out from the inside.

8. Remove the card reader

Just like every other component, unplug the wire first. On my computer, there is
just one screw holding the card reader in place. Your computer might have more,
so just unscrew them all! After that, the card reader should be removeable.Most
card readers have a protective plastic cover on the part that you can see from the
external computer, which can be removed by lifting the tabs on the top and
bottom.

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9. Remove hard drive
To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four screws
securing it in place. You must be very careful not to drop the hard drive, since it
is very delicate.

10. Remove the RAM

To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in place, which
are located at both ends of the RAM.

11. Remove the motherboard

The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame, which are indicated
by large white circles around them. Remove them and then lift the motherboard
out of the frame.

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 What’s More
Identify the given picture and give the function of each picture below. Write your own
answer on the space provided.

1. 2.

4.

3.

What I Have Learned

1. How do I open the case?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the procedures in installing the power supply?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. How do I install internal drives?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. How do I remove the system fan?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. How do I remove the power supply?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

For online learners:

Using the link below, please watch and study the short video and answer the following
guide questions, then send your answer to your teacher through email or messenger.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hn6VURaedCs
Now, for you to better understand the topic under Pc assembly and disassembly
procedures, dig deep into your mind and answer the following essential questions:

1. Based on the short video presentation, write the proper procedures on how to
disassemble and assemble personal computer.

2. What is the relevance of assembling and disassembling personal computer to

installing and configuring computer system? Explain your answer.

For offline learners:

Assemble and Disassemble Activity

Now, you are going to assemble and disassemble of the gadgets/appliances (anything
can assemble and disassemble). After you do the task, answer the following questions.
Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Name of gadget/appliances that you used.

____________________

2. Explain the procedures how you assembled and disassembled the

gadget/appliances.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think you learned from this activity?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment
Self-Check 2.1
Arrange the proper procedures how to disassemble and assemble the personal
computer. Write the number 1 – 11 on the space provided below. Write the answers
on a separate piece of paper.
PC DISASSEMBLY PC ASSEMBLY
___ Remove the motherboard. ___Boot the computer for the first time.

___ Remove the hard drive. ___Install internal drives.

___ Power off the system. ___Install the motherboard.

___ Unplug power cables. ___Connect external cables to the

computer.
___ Remove the RAM.
___Install the power supply.
___ Remove the CPU fan.
___Open the case.
___ Remove CD/DVD drives.
___Re-attach the side panels.
___ Remove the power supply.
___Attach the components to the
___ Remove the system fan. motherboard.

___ Detach the side panels /open the ___Connect all internal cables.
case.
___Install adapter cards.
___ Remove the card reader
___Install drives in external bays.

Additional Activities
Based on the activity for offline learners (Assemble and Disassemble Activity). Let’s reflect,
answer the following questions.

1. What did you like most about this activity, and why?
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. What was the most challenging or least interesting about this activity?
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. How did your fellow family members help you and your learning?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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 References
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5251716
• Kungfuman - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3183146
• Lucianolll - Own work, CC0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26731307
• MOS6502 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1863781
• NadinaWiórkiewiczpl.wiki:CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18692066
• Project Kei - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=88867821
• Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=199804
• Wolfgang "Darkoneko" ten Weges - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5858234
• Woookie - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3663404

21
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE
 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Joe Mar O. Pangue (JDPHS)

Editors:
Jennifer A. Dela Rosa (Dept. Head -JDPNHS)
Uriel B. Teodoro (School Head-SNNHS)

Internal Reviewer: Joseph T. Santos (EPS-EPP/TLE)

External Reviewer:
Illustrator/Layout Artist: Jee-jay B. Canillo (NHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Joseph T. Santos
Education Program Supervisor-EPP/TLE

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – Learning Resource Management Section

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

22
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE