MACH NUMBER ASTERISK / CRITICAL PROPERTIES DENSITY RATIO

𝑢 𝑘/(𝑘−1)
𝑁𝑀𝑎 = Ma < 1 Subsonic flow 𝑃∗ 2 𝛾−1 2
𝑎 E 6-120 𝑃0
= (𝑘+1) 𝜌𝐴 𝜌𝐴 𝑇𝐵 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑏 1 + [ 2 ] 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑏
Ma = 1 Transonic flow = = √
Ma > 1 Supersonic flow 𝑇∗ 2 𝜌𝐵 𝜌𝐵 𝑇𝐴 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑎 1 + [𝛾 − 1] 𝑁 2
E 6-121 = 2 𝑀𝑎,𝑎
Ma > 5 Hypersonic flow 𝑇0 𝑘+1

𝜌∗ 2 1/(𝑘−1)
ACOUSTICAL VELOCITY E 6-122 𝜌0
= (𝑘+1) EQUATIONS FOR ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBLE FLOW
𝑅 𝑃 𝑅 𝑘+1 ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBLE FLOW
𝑃= 𝜌𝑇 𝑎 = √𝑔𝑐 𝛾 = √𝑔𝑐 𝛾 𝑇 E 6-123 𝐺 ∗ = 𝑃0 √(𝑘+1)
2 𝑘−1 𝑘𝑀
( 𝑅𝑇𝑊 ) 4𝑓∆𝐿𝐺 2 𝑅𝑇 2𝐺 2 𝑅𝑇 𝑃1
𝑀 𝜌 𝑀 0 𝑃12 − 𝑃22 = + ln
𝐷𝑀𝑤 𝑀𝑤 𝑃2
𝑃 1 4𝑓∆𝐿𝐺 2 𝐺 2 𝑃1
𝜸 = ratio of specific heats (Cp/Cv) CRITICAL PRESSURE 𝑃0
= 1 (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )𝑓 = + ln
Cp Cv 𝛾 Atomicity 𝛾−1 (1−
1
) 2𝐷𝜌𝑎𝑣 𝜌𝑎𝑣 𝑃2
{1+[ ]𝑀2 } 𝛾
2
5𝑅 3
𝑅 1.66 Monoatomic 1 REYNOLD’S NUMBER E 10-1 𝑁𝑅𝑒 =
𝜌𝐷𝑉
2 2 𝑃∗ 2 (1−1) 𝜇
7 5 CRITICAL PRESSURE RATIO 𝑟𝑐 = = ( ) 𝛾
𝑅 𝑅 1.40 Diatomic 𝑃0 𝛾+1 𝑚̇
2 2 MASS FLOWRATE 𝑚̇ = 𝜌𝐴𝑉 = 𝜌𝑉 = 𝐺
𝐴
4𝑅 3𝑅 1.33 Polyatomic MASS VELOCITY
1 0.27𝜀 7 0.9
𝑘𝑀 𝑀1
E 6-119 𝐺 = 𝑃0 √ 𝑅𝑇𝑊 CHRCHILL EQN (E 6-38) = −4 log [ +( ) ]
EQUATIONS FOR ISENTROPIC FLOW 𝑘+1 √𝑓 𝐷 𝑁𝑅𝑒
0 𝑘−1 2 2(𝑘−1)
(1+ 𝑀1 )
STAGNATION PRESSURE E 6-116 2
T 6-2 - 𝜀
𝛾
𝛾 − 1 2 𝛾−1 1
1−
1
𝑃0 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑀 ) 2𝛾𝑔𝑐 𝜌0 𝑃0 𝑃 𝑃𝛾 𝛾
2 𝐺 = 𝑢𝜌 = √ × ( ) × √1 − ( )
𝛾−1 𝑃0 𝑃0 𝑵𝑷𝑺𝑯𝑨 CALCULATION
STAGNATION TEMPERATURE E 6-117 SUCTION HEAD 𝐻𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒
+ 𝑧𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 − ∑ 𝐹𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝛾−1 2 𝜌𝑔
𝑇0 = 𝑇 (1 + 𝑀 ) EQUATIONS FOR ADIABATIC FLOW
2 VAPOR PRESSURE HEAD 𝐻𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 =
𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟
MAXIMUM CONDUIT LENGTH E 6-124 𝜌𝑔
STAGNATION DENSITY E 6-118 (𝛾 − 1) 2
𝑓𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 1 1 𝛾+1 2 {1 + [ ] 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑎 }
1 2 𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟
𝛾−1 𝛾−1
= ( 2 −1− ln 2 ) 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 = + 𝑧𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 − ∑ 𝐹𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 −
𝜌0 = 𝜌 (1 + 2 𝑀2 ) 𝑟𝐻 𝛾 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑎 2 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑎 (𝛾 + 1)
𝜌𝑔 𝜌𝑔
𝑃0 − 𝑃𝑉
PRESSURE RATIO 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻 = + ∆𝑧 − ℎ𝐿
STAGNATION ENTHALPY 𝜌𝑔
𝛾−1 2 𝑉2 𝛾−1 2
ℎ0 = ℎ (1 + 𝑀 ) ℎ0 = ℎ + 𝑃𝐴 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑏 1 + [ 2 ] 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑏
2 2 = √ To prevent cavitation: 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 > 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝑅
𝑃𝐵 𝑁𝑀𝑎,𝑎 1 + [𝛾 − 1] 𝑁 2 E 10-52 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 > 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝑅 + 5 𝑓𝑡
2 𝑀𝑎,𝑎
E 10-53 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 > 1.35 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝑅
 AFFINITY LAWS T 10-13 FLOW METERING DEVICES
Constant impeller Constant impeller Discharge Coefficient (𝐶𝑣 )
diameter speed
Capacity 𝑄1 𝑁1 𝑄1 𝐷1 VENTURI METER
= =
𝑄2 𝑁2 𝑄2 𝐷2
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
Head 𝐻1 (𝑁1 )2 ℎ1 (𝐷1 )2 2𝑔𝑐 2𝑔𝑐
= = √ 𝜌 √ 𝜌
𝐻2 (𝑁2 )2 ℎ2 (𝐷2 )2 𝑉1 = 𝐶𝑣 4
𝑉2 = 𝐶𝑣
𝛽 −1 1 − 𝛽4
Brake 𝐵𝐻𝑃1 (𝑁1 )3 𝐵𝐻𝑃1 (𝐷1 )3
horsepower = =
𝐵𝐻𝑃2 (𝑁2 )3 𝐵𝐻𝑃2 (𝐷2 )3 2𝑔𝑐 (𝑃1 −𝑃2 )

E 10-20 𝑚̇ = 𝑞1 𝜌1 = 𝐶𝑌𝐴2 √
𝜌1
HEAD CAPACITY RELATION F 10-28,29 1−𝛽 4
PERFORMANCE CURVE F 10-31
PUMP SELECTION F 10-21 -Cv = 0.98 for NRe > 10 000; 2in. < D1 < 8in.
Cv = 0.99 for NRe > 10 000; D1 > 8in.
PIPES
SCH # 𝑆𝐶𝐻 = 1000 (𝑃𝑆) = 1000 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
) ORIFICE METER
𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
2𝑔𝑐 𝜌 2𝑔𝑐
𝜌
COMPRESSORS
𝑉1 = 𝐶𝑜√ 4
𝑉2 = 𝐶𝑜√
ISOTHERMAL (IDEAL COMPRESSOR) 𝛽 −1 1 − 𝛽4
𝐽 𝑍𝑅𝑇 𝑃2
𝑊𝑠 [ ] = ln ( ) 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑘𝑔 (𝑀𝑊) 𝑃1 2𝑔𝑐
√ 𝜌
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑜 𝐴
SINGLE STAGE ADIABATIC COMPRESSOR 1 − 𝛽4
PVT Relations for Perfect Gas
𝑃2 𝑉 𝑘 Standard value of coefficient of discharge = 0.61
E 10-64 = ( 2)
𝑃1 𝑉1
PITOT TUBE
𝑇 𝑉 𝑘−1
E 10-65 𝑇1
= (𝑉2 ) 2𝑔𝑐 𝑃𝑠 − 𝑃𝑜
1
𝑉=√ 𝑉𝑡 = √2𝑔∆ℎ
𝑃2 𝑇 𝑘/(𝑘−1)
𝜌
E 10-66 𝑃1
= (𝑇2 )
1

(𝑘−1) WEIRS
𝑘×𝑍𝑅𝑇1 𝑃2 𝑘 RECTANGULAR WEIR
ADIABATIC HEAD E 10-67 𝐻𝑎𝑑 = 𝑘−1
[(𝑃 ) − 1]
1
𝑞 = 0.415(𝐿 − 0.2ℎ0 )ℎ1.5
0 √2𝑔
MULTIPLE STAGE ADIABATIC COMPRESSOR TRIANGULAR WEIR
𝑘−1
𝑛 × 𝑘 × 𝑍𝑅𝑇1 𝑃𝑛+1 1 𝑘 8 5 ∅
𝐻𝑎𝑑 = [(( ) 𝑛) − 1] 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝑄 = 𝐶𝑑 𝐻 ⁄2 √2𝑔 tan
𝑘−1 𝑃1 15 2