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LC 1 logic - نسخة

The document provides an overview of digital logic, which is essential for understanding how circuits and hardware function in computing devices. It covers various number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, along with their conversions and applications in digital technology. Key topics include logic gates, Boolean algebra, digital arithmetic, and components like decoders, encoders, and flip-flops.

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4 views11 pages

LC 1 logic - نسخة

The document provides an overview of digital logic, which is essential for understanding how circuits and hardware function in computing devices. It covers various number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, along with their conversions and applications in digital technology. Key topics include logic gates, Boolean algebra, digital arithmetic, and components like decoders, encoders, and flip-flops.

Uploaded by

leallsiraj489
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 LOGIC

What is digital logic:


It is the basis for digital computing and provides a fundamental understanding on
how circuits and hardware communicate within a computer.
Digital logic is typically embedded into most electronic devices like calculators ,
computer, watches.

Topics:
 Number systems and codes
 Logic gate and Boolean algebra combination logic circuits
 Digital arithmetic : operation and circuits
 Decoder, Encoder and Multiplexer
 Flip-Flop
 Counters and registers

Number system:
Many number systems are used in digital technology the most common use are the
decimal , binary , octal and hexadecimal system

1- Decimal number system:


This system is composed of ten symbols or digits (0 - 9), it is also called based 10
Note: the number of digits used in the system is known as its base or radix
Decimal used 10 digits → base 10
Binary used 2 digits → base 2
Octal used 8 digits → base 8
Hexadecimal used 16 digits → base 16

ex: (327)10
↑ This mean base is 10 which is mean decimal number system
This system is a positional – valued system ; which means when we write numbers,
the position or place of each digit is important
2 LOGIC

ex: in the number (327)10


The 7 is in the ones position = 7
The 2 is in the tens position = 20
The 3 is in the hundred position = 300
327 = 300+20+7
= 102 × 3 + 101 × 2 + 100 × 7

ex: 327.4 = 300+20+7+0.4


= 102 × 3 + 101 × 2 + 100 × 7 + 10−1 × 4
102 101 100 10−1
3 2 7 .4

Note: base 10 mean each digit is multiplied by an appropriate power of (10)


depending on it’s position

2- Binary number system:


The system uses two digits 0 and 1
each digit referred to as a bit
This system has a base or radix of 2
This system is a positional – valued system

ex:
11o11o → this number has 6 bits
3 LOGIC

Binary to decimal conversion:

H.W: convert the binary numbers to decimal


a- 1101.011 b- 10111101.110 c- 001 d- 0101.0 e- 1111111 f- 0011011

Decimal to binary conversion:


To convert a decimal integer to the equivalent in any radix (base) . Divide the
integer repeatedly by the radix successive remainders giving the required number.
4 LOGIC

Note: whenever you arrive quotient of 0 with a remainder of 1 conversion is


finished.

Decimal fraction converts to binary


5 LOGIC
6 LOGIC

H.W: convert the decimal number to binary


a- 14.5 b- 21 c- 0.375 d- 255.0625

3- Octal number system


This system has eight digits (0 – 7)
This system has a base of 8
This system is a positional – valued system

Conversion from octal to decimal

Conversion from decimal to octal


7 LOGIC

Octal to binary conversion:


octal binary
0 000
1 001
2 010
3 011
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111

This conversion is performed by converting each octal digits to it’s 3 bit binary
equivalent
8 LOGIC

Binary to octal conversion

Note: starting at the binary point group the bits in threes then convert each
group of threes to it’s octal equivalent.

H.W:
1- convert the octal numbers to binary
a- 0.3 b- 7 c- 0 d- 7642
2- convert the binary numbers to octal
a- 101 b- 110 c- 010 d- 111000101 e- 1011000111
3-convert the decimal numbers to octal
a-359 b- 98 c- 163
9 LOGIC

4- Hexadecimal number system


It has 16 symbols or digits (0 – F)
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
It has a base of 16
It’s positional – valued system
decimal binary octal hexa
0 0000 0 0
1 0001 1 1
2 0010 2 2
3 0011 3 3
4 0100 4 4
5 0101 5 5
6 0110 6 6
7 0111 7 7
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F

Hexa to decimal conversion:


10 LOGIC

Decimal to hexa conversion:

Note: any reminder that > 9 are represented by the character (A-F)
Hexa to binary conversion:

Binary to Hexa conversion:

Note: to convert any system to any other system it’s advisable to


1- Convert to decimal
2- Convert to new system
Except for conversion from binary to octal or binary to hexa and vice versa.
11 LOGIC

Note: to count decimal number with N decimal numbers we can count from
0 to 10N-1
N=2 → count is from 0 – 99
For binary the count is from 0 up to 2N-1
N= 2 → count is from 0 – (2N-1) → 0-3
decimal binary
0 0
1 1
2 10
3 11

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