Unipolar Line Coding
❑ Unipolar NRZ
Steps
➢ Define the binary sequence and parameters (bit duration and sampling rate).
➢ Create a time array for one bit and initialize an empty signal array.
➢ Use a loop to append a constant signal for each bit (high for 1, low for 0).
➢ Create a time axis for the entire signal.
➢ Plot the signal and add labels to make it easy to interpret.
Step 1: Define the Binary Sequence
binary_sequence = [1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0]; % Example sequence
✓ This is the input sequence of bits you want to encode in the Unipolar NRZ format.
✓ Each 1 will be represented by a high signal (e.g., 1), and each 0 by a low signal (e.g., 0).
✓ Replace this array with your desired binary data.
Step 2: Set Parameters
bit_duration = 1;
sampling_rate = 1000;
t_bit = linspace(0, bit_duration, sampling_rate);
✓ bit_duration: The time duration for each bit (e.g., 1 second).
✓ sampling_rate: The number of points to represent each second. A higher sampling rate gives smoother plots.
✓ t_bit: Creates a time array for one bit. This helps in defining the signal's shape for a single bit.
Step 3: Initialize the Signal
nrz_signal = [];
✓ nrz_signal: This will store the final signal. Initially, it’s empty and will be filled bit by bit.
Step 4: Loop Through Each Bit to Generate the Signal
for bit = binary_sequence
if bit == 1
% For bit '1', the signal is at a high level (e.g., 1)
nrz_signal = [nrz_signal, ones(1, length(t_bit))];
else
% For bit '0', the signal is at a low level (e.g., 0)
nrz_signal = [nrz_signal, zeros(1, length(t_bit))];
end
End
✓ Loop through each bit in binary_sequence.
✓ If the bit is 1, append a high-level signal (array of ones) to nrz_signal.
✓ If the bit is 0, append a low-level signal (array of zeros) to nrz_signal.
✓ The use of ones and zeros ensures the signal has a constant level for the duration of each bit.
Step 5: Create the Time Axis
total_time = length(binary_sequence) * bit_duration;
time_axis = linspace(0, total_time, length(nrz_signal));
✓ total_time: Calculate the total duration of the signal by multiplying the number of bits by bit_duration.
✓ time_axis: Create a time array that spans the entire signal, ensuring proper alignment for plotting.
Step 6: Plot the Signal
figure;
plot(time_axis, nrz_signal, 'LineWidth', 2);
ylim([-0.5, 1.5]);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Unipolar Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) Signal');
grid on;
✓ plot: Plots the NRZ signal against the time axis.
✓ ylim: Limits the y-axis to make the plot easier to interpret.
✓ Labels (xlabel, ylabel, title) and grid are added for clarity.
Step 7: Annotate the Binary Sequence
binary_labels = arrayfun(@num2str, binary_sequence, 'UniformOutput', false);
for i = 1:length(binary_sequence)
text((i-0.5)*bit_duration, 1.2, binary_labels{i}, 'FontSize', 12, 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
end
✓ arrayfun: Converts each bit to a string so you can use it as a label.
✓ text: Places the bit value above each corresponding bit in the plot.
Complete Code:
clc;clear all;close all;
binary_sequence = [1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0];
bit_duration = 1;
sampling_rate = 1000;
t_bit = linspace(0, bit_duration, sampling_rate);
nrz_signal = [];
for bit = binary_sequence
if bit == 1
nrz_signal = [nrz_signal, ones(1, length(t_bit))];
else
nrz_signal = [nrz_signal, zeros(1, length(t_bit))];
end
end
total_time = length(binary_sequence) * bit_duration;
time_axis = linspace(0, total_time, length(nrz_signal));
figure;
plot(time_axis, nrz_signal, 'LineWidth', 2);
ylim([-0.5, 1.5]);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Unipolar Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) Signal');
grid on;
binary_labels = arrayfun(@num2str, binary_sequence, 'UniformOutput', false);
for i = 1:length(binary_sequence)
text((i-0.5)*bit_duration, 1.2, binary_labels{i}, 'FontSize', 12, 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
end
Unipolar RZ
1. Define the Binary Sequence
binary_sequence = [1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0];
✓ Input the binary data you want to encode in Unipolar RZ format.
✓ Modify this sequence to test with different binary values.
2. Set Parameters
bit_duration = 1;
sampling_rate = 1000;
t_bit = linspace(0, bit_duration, sampling_rate);
✓ bit_duration: Time allocated to each bit in the signal.
✓ sampling_rate: Determines the resolution of the signal.
✓ t_bit: Creates a time vector for one bit.
3. Initialize the Signal
rz_signal = [];
✓ An empty array to store the entire Unipolar RZ signal.
4. Generate the RZ Signal
for bit = binary_sequence
if bit == 1
rz_high = [ones(1, length(t_bit)/2), zeros(1, length(t_bit)/2)];
else
rz_high = zeros(1, length(t_bit));
end
rz_signal = [rz_signal, rz_high];
end
✓ Loop through each bit in the binary sequence:
✓ For 1: High level for the first half, then return to zero.
✓ For 0: Always low level.
✓ Append the generated signal for each bit to the final signal array.
5. Create the Time Axis
total_time = length(binary_sequence) * bit_duration;
time_axis = linspace(0, total_time, length(rz_signal));
✓ Compute the total duration of the signal.
✓ Create a time array for plotting the entire signal.
6. Plot the RZ Signal
figure;
plot(time_axis, rz_signal, 'LineWidth', 2);
ylim([-0.5, 1.5]); % Adjust y-axis limits for better visibility
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Unipolar Return-to-Zero (RZ) Signal');
grid on;
✓ Plot the signal against the time axis.
✓ Use ylim to control the range of the y-axis for clear visualization.
7. Annotate the Binary Sequence
binary_labels = arrayfun(@num2str, binary_sequence, 'UniformOutput', false);
for i = 1:length(binary_sequence)
text((i-0.5)*bit_duration, 1.2, binary_labels{i}, 'FontSize', 12, 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
end
✓ Add text above each bit interval to show the corresponding binary value.
Complte Code:
clc;clear all;close all;
binary_sequence = [1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0];
bit_duration = 1;
sampling_rate = 1000;
t_bit = linspace(0, bit_duration, sampling_rate);
rz_signal = [];
for bit = binary_sequence
if bit == 1
rz_high = [ones(1, length(t_bit)/2), zeros(1, length(t_bit)/2)];
else
rz_high = zeros(1, length(t_bit));
end
rz_signal = [rz_signal, rz_high];
end
total_time = length(binary_sequence) * bit_duration;
time_axis = linspace(0, total_time, length(rz_signal));
figure;
plot(time_axis, rz_signal, 'LineWidth', 2);
ylim([-0.5, 1.5]);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Unipolar Return-to-Zero (RZ) Signal');
grid on;
binary_labels = arrayfun(@num2str, binary_sequence, 'UniformOutput', false);
for i = 1:length(binary_sequence)
text((i-0.5)*bit_duration, 1.2, binary_labels{i}, 'FontSize', 12, 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
end
Thank You!
