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HW 09

The document contains an assignment for a Mathematical Analysis II course, consisting of problems related to integration, bounded sets, and properties of functions. It includes proofs and examples concerning Riemann and Darboux integrability, measure theory, and the behavior of specific functions over defined intervals. The assignment emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationships between boundedness, integrability, and measure in mathematical analysis.

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5 views3 pages

HW 09

The document contains an assignment for a Mathematical Analysis II course, consisting of problems related to integration, bounded sets, and properties of functions. It includes proofs and examples concerning Riemann and Darboux integrability, measure theory, and the behavior of specific functions over defined intervals. The assignment emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationships between boundedness, integrability, and measure in mathematical analysis.

Uploaded by

hubertkuo418
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Analysis II

Assignment 9
1. Let A ⊆ Rn be a bounded set, and f, g : A → R be functions.
(i) Show that if f ≤ g on A, then
Z Z Z Z
f (x)dx ≤ g(x)dx and f (x)dx ≤ g(x)dx.
A A A A

(ii) Find an example that


Z Z Z
f (x)dx + g(x)dx < (f + g)(x)dx
A A A
Z Z Z
< (f + g)(x)dx < f (x)dx + g(x)dx.
A A A

2. Let A ⊆ Rn be a bounded set, and f, g : A → R be functions.


(i) Show that if f is Riemann integrable on A, then f is
bounded.
(ii) Show that if f is Darboux integrable on A, then f is
bounded.
Note that we in some sense use these properties in the proof
of the equivalence between the Riemann integrability and the
Darboux integrability, so you’d better not use this equivalence
in the proof of (i) and (ii)
3. (i) Let a, b ∈ R and a < b. Show that the interval [a, b] does
not have measure zero (in R).
(ii) Let A ⊆ [a, b] be a set of measure zero (in R). Show that
[a.b]\A does not have measure zero (in R).
(iii) Show that the Cantor set (defined in HW05-6 in Mathe-
matical Analysis I) has volume zero.
∞
S 1 1  ∞ 1
S 1 1 1
(iv) Let A = D , k = − k , + k be a subset
k=1 k 2 k=1 k 2 k 2
of R. Does A have volume?
4. (i) Let f : [0, 1] × [0, 1] → R be a bounded function such that
f (x, y) ≤ f (x, z) if y < z and f (x, y) ≤ f (t, z) if x < t.
In other words, f (x, ·) and f (·, y) are both non-decreasing
functions for fixed x, y ∈ [0, 1]. Show that f is Riemann
integrable on [0, 1] × [0, 1].
1
(ii) Show that the function f (x) = sin is Riemann integrable
x
on (0, 1).
(iii) Prove that the function f : (0, 1] → R be given by
 1 if x = q ∈ Q, (p, q) = 1,

f (x) = p p
0 if x is irrational.

Z
is Riemann integrable on (0, 1]. Find f (x)dx as well.
(0,1]
(iv) Let A ⊆ Rn be a bounded set, and f : A → R is Riemann
integrable. Show that f k (the k-th power of f ) is integrable
for all k ∈ N.
5. (i) Let f : [a, b] → R be bounded and Riemann integrable.
Show that the graph of f has volume zero in R2 .
(ii) Let A ⊆ Rn be an open bounded set withZ volume, and
f : A → R be continuous. Show that if f (x)dx = 0 for
B
all subset B ⊆ A with volume, then f = 0.
(iii) Suppose that f : [a, b] → R is Riemann integrable, and the
set {x ∈ [a, b] | f (x) 6= 0} has measure zero. Show that
Z b
f (x)dx = 0.
a

6. Let A ⊆ Rn be a bounded set with volume. Let f, g : A → R


be functions.
(i) (Mean-Value Theorem for multiple integrals) Sup-
h A and g(x) ≥ i
pose f, g are bounded Riemann integrable over
0 for all x ∈ A. Show that there exists λ ∈ inf f (x), sup f (x)
x∈A x∈A
such that
Z Z
f (x)g(x)dx = λ g(x)dx.
A A
If, in addition, A is connected and f is continuous on A.
Show that there exists x0 ∈ A such that
Z Z
f (x)g(x)dx = f (x0 ) g(x)dx.
A A
(ii) If f is bounded on A except in a volume zero subset B ⊆ A
and suppose f is Riemann
Z integrable
Z over A\B. Show
that we can extend f (x)dx to f (x)dx by defining
A\B A
a bounded function g on A such that g(x) = f (x) when
x ∈ A\B.

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