Objectives:

After completing this lesson, students will be able to:

• Understand the concept of sustainable farming and enhancement of agricultural yield.

• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of agricultural concepts and apply them in
creating a prototype.
• Develop a prototype for an early warning device and crop cover system using Arduino
and its components..

Activate Your Prior Knowledge

1. Discuss with students the importance of crops and how they contribute to human life,
highlighting their uses beyond food, such as textiles and materials.
2. Prompt students to think about the challenges farmers face, particularly concerning
weather conditions, and how this can affect crop yield.
3. Share examples of how excessive rain can damage crops and lead to economic losses
for farmers.
4. Engaging Questions:
o What types of weather conditions can harm crops?
o How do you think technology can help farmers manage these challenges?

Key Components:
1. Negative Effects of Heavy Rain on Crops:
o Waterlogged soil, nutrient leaching, soil erosion, disease and pest infestations,
delayed planting and harvesting, and crop stress.
2. Arduino Function:
o Using an Arduino setup with a water sensor and servo motor to create a
prototype that can protect crops from excess rain..
Key Programming:
1. Materials:
o Arduino Uno Microcontroller
o Breadboard
o Servo Motor
o Water Sensor
o Photoresistor (for the guided activity)
o Additional recyclable materials (for the independent activity)
2. Assembly Steps:
o Connect the power and ground to the breadboard.
o Connect the servo motor and water sensor as described in the original
lesson.
3. Code:

#include <Servo.h>

Servo servo_crop1;
Servo servo_crop2;

int leftLDR = A0;

int rightLDR = A1;
int leftVal;
int rightVal;

void setup() {
servo_crop1.attach(3); // Connects servo 1 to pin 3
servo_crop2.attach(5); // Connects servo 2 to pin 5
Serial.begin(9600); // Initializes serial communication
}

void loop() {
leftVal = analogRead(leftLDR); // Reads left LDR value
rightVal = analogRead(rightLDR); // Reads right LDR value

if (leftVal > rightVal) {

servo_crop1.write(90); // Moves servo to cover crops
servo_crop2.write(0); // Moves servo to open on other
side
} else {
servo_crop1.write(0); // Opens on the left side
servo_crop2.write(90); // Covers the right side
}

delay(1000); // Delays the reading to avoid sensor

overflow
}
Explanation:
• Servo Motors adjust the crop covers based on sunlight detected by photoresistors.
• When one side detects more sunlight, the corresponding servo motor moves to cover
the crops.

Assessment:
Let the students answer the Multiple Choice questions.

Guided Activity:
• Objective: Enhance the early warning system by adding a photoresistor to monitor
sunlight.
• Components: Arduino, breadboard, servo motor, water sensor, photoresistor, buzzer.
• Steps:
1. Set up the photoresistor in the circuit.
2. Write code to control the servo motor based on both water sensor and photoresistor
inputs.
3. Discuss when the buzzer should sound and when the servo should move.
4. Provide sample code for each scenario.
Code:
#include <Servo.h> // Include the Servo library

Servo servo_crop; // Create a servo object

int waterSensor = A0; // Water sensor pin
int photoresistor = A1; // Photoresistor pin
int sensorValue; // Variable to store water sensor value
int lightValue; // Variable to store photoresistor value

void setup() {
servo_crop.attach(3); // Attach servo to pin 3
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
}

void loop() {
sensorValue = analogRead(waterSensor); // Read water sensor
value
lightValue = analogRead(photoresistor); // Read photoresistor
value

Serial.print("Water Sensor Value: ");

Serial.println(sensorValue);
Serial.print("Light Sensor Value: ");
 Serial.println(lightValue);

// Check water level

if (sensorValue > 100) { // If water level is high
servo_crop.write(180); // Move servo to cover crops
} else {
servo_crop.write(0); // Move servo back to original position
}

// Check light level

if (lightValue > 300) { // If light level is high
// Example action when high light is detected
// You can add more actions here (e.g., trigger a buzzer)
}

delay(1000); // Wait for a second before the next loop

}

Explanation:
• The code begins by including the Servo library and declaring variables for the water
sensor, photoresistor, and their respective values.
• In the setup() function, the servo is attached to pin 3, and serial communication is
initialized for debugging.
• The loop() function continuously reads the values from the water sensor and
photoresistor.
• If the water sensor value exceeds 100, the servo moves to 180 degrees to cover the
crops; otherwise, it returns to 0 degrees.
• The code also prints the sensor values to the Serial Monitor for observation.

Guide Questions:
• What happens to the servo motor when the photoresistor detects a high value of light?
• What happens to the servo motor when the water sensor detects a high value of water?

Independent Activity
• Objective: Design a prototype of the early warning device for farmers using recyclable
materials.
• Components:
o Arduino Uno Microcontroller
o Breadboard
o Servo Motor
o Water Sensor
o Photoresistor (for the guided activity)
o Additional recyclable materials (for the independent activity).
• Program/Code: Students will document their code used for the prototype.
Code:

#include <Servo.h> // Include the Servo library

Servo servo_crop; // Create a servo object

int waterSensor = A0; // Water sensor pin
int photoresistor = A1; // Photoresistor pin
int sensorValue; // Variable to store water sensor value
int lightValue; // Variable to store photoresistor value

void setup() {
servo_crop.attach(3); // Attach servo to pin 3
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
}

void loop() {
sensorValue = analogRead(waterSensor); // Read water sensor
value
lightValue = analogRead(photoresistor); // Read photoresistor
value

// Print sensor values for debugging

Serial.print("Water Sensor Value: ");
Serial.println(sensorValue);
Serial.print("Light Sensor Value: ");
Serial.println(lightValue);

// Water sensor logic

if (sensorValue > 100) { // If high water level detected
servo_crop.write(180); // Move servo to cover crops
} else {
servo_crop.write(0); // Move servo back to original position
}

// Photoresistor logic
if (lightValue > 300) { // If high light level detected
// Action when light level is high (e.g., trigger a buzzer)
// Here you can add code to activate a buzzer if necessary
}

delay(1000); // Wait for a second before the next loop

}

Explanation:
• This code is similar to the guided activity but serves as a template for students to expand
upon based on their designs.
• The students can modify the conditions for the servo or integrate additional components
like a buzzer based on their prototypes.
 • Encourage students to explore different threshold values for the water sensor and light
sensor based on their findings from the guided activity.

Rubrics for grading the activities:

Answer Keys
Assessment:
I. Multiple Choice
1. C – humid
2. C – topsoil
3. A – iron
4. D – root rot
5. D – nutrient leaching
6. B – delayed planting
7. B – oxygen
8. A – snails and slugs
9. B – waterlogged
10. D – stem breakage