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Programming Algorithms Lesson002

The document provides an introduction to Python programming, highlighting its high-level syntax and ease of use. It covers key concepts such as variables, data types, operators, and control flow, explaining how to declare variables and the rules for naming them. Additionally, it discusses various operators including arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators, along with examples of conditional statements.

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BRIAN MUTURI
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2 views4 pages

Programming Algorithms Lesson002

The document provides an introduction to Python programming, highlighting its high-level syntax and ease of use. It covers key concepts such as variables, data types, operators, and control flow, explaining how to declare variables and the rules for naming them. Additionally, it discusses various operators including arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators, along with examples of conditional statements.

Uploaded by

BRIAN MUTURI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMING ALGORITHMS

Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, easy-to-read programming language.

Simple syntax (reads like English).

No need to compile code (runs directly)

Variables in Python

What is a Variable?

A variable is like a labeled box that stores data. it is a named storage location in a computer's
memory that holds a value which can change (vary) during the execution of a program.

Key Features of Variables:

Name (Identifier) → Used to refer to the stored value (e.g., age, score, name).

Value → The actual data stored (e.g., 10, "Alice", 3.14).

Data Type → Defines the kind of data the variable can hold (e.g., integer, string, float).

Mutable (Changeable) → The value can be updated during the program.

How to Declare Variables?

age = 25

name = "Alice"

price = 19.99

Rules for Naming Variables

Must start with a letter or _ (e.g., name, _count).

Can contain letters, numbers, and _ (e.g., user1, total_score).

Cannot use spaces or special symbols (@, #, %).

Cannot use Python keywords (if, for, while`).


Data Types in Python

Python has different types of data that variables can hold:

A. Primitive Data Types

Integer - Whole numbers (no decimals).

Float - Decimal numbers.

String - Text (enclosed in quotes).

Boolean- Represents logical values. (True/False)

Character – a single letter string.

Operators in Python

Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables.

A. Arithmetic Operators

+ It is used for Addition (a + b)

- It is used for Subtraction (a – b)

* It is used for Multiplication (a * b)

/ It is used for Division (float) (a / b)

% It is used for Modulus (remainder) (a %b)

Example:

a = 10

b=3

sum = a + b

print(sum)

a = 13

b =2

multiplication = a* b

print (multiplication)
Comparison Operators

They are used to compare values (returns True or False):

== a == b Equal to

!= a != b Not equal to

> a> b Greater than

< a<b Less than

>= a >= b Greater than or equal to

<= a <= b Less than or equal to

Example:

x, y = 5, 10

print(x == y)

print(x < y)

Logical Operators

They are fundamental for building blocks in programming that allows you to combine and
modify Boolean (true/false) values.

Used to combine multiple conditions:

AND a and b will return True if only both operands are True

OR a or b will return True if at least one operand is True

NOT not a Inverts the condition, returns the opposite Boolean value (True→False)

Example

age = 20

is_student = True

print(age >= 18 and is_student)

True
has_ticket = False

print(age > 12 or has_ticket)

True

Control Flow in Python

Control flow lets you make decisions and repeat actions.

Conditional Statements (if, elseif, else)

Used to execute code based on conditions.

Simple if Statement

age = 18

if age >= 18:

print("You are an adult.")

if-else Statement

if age >= 18:

print("Adult")

else:

print("Minor")

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