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Interview Questions For DBMS

This document provides a comprehensive list of interview questions and answers related to Database Management Systems (DBMS). Key topics include SQL, normalization, keys, joins, transactions, and data integrity. It also distinguishes between various SQL operations and concepts, making it a useful resource for interview preparation in the field of databases.

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4 views4 pages

Interview Questions For DBMS

This document provides a comprehensive list of interview questions and answers related to Database Management Systems (DBMS). Key topics include SQL, normalization, keys, joins, transactions, and data integrity. It also distinguishes between various SQL operations and concepts, making it a useful resource for interview preparation in the field of databases.

Uploaded by

vivankapoor600
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interview Questions For DBMS

1. What is SQL?
Structured Query Language used for managing and manipulating
databases.

2. What is a primary key?


A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table.

3. What is a foreign key?


A field in one table that refers to the primary key in another table.

4. What is normalization?
A process to remove redundancy and ensure data integrity.

5. What is denormalization?
Adding redundancy for faster data retrieval.

6. What is 1NF?
Ensures that all columns have atomic (indivisible) values.

7. What is 2NF?
Removes partial dependencies; table must be in 1NF.

8. What is 3NF?
Removes transitive dependencies; table must be in 2NF.

9. What is BCNF?
Stronger version of 3NF; every determinant must be a candidate key.

10.What is a candidate key?


A field or combination of fields that can uniquely identify a record.

11.What is a composite key?


A key composed of two or more fields to uniquely identify a record.
12.What is a view?
A virtual table created from a query.

13.What is an index?
A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval.

14.What is a join?
Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

15.Types of joins?
Inner, Left, Right, Full, Cross, and Self joins.

16.What is a subquery?
A query nested inside another query.

17.What is a transaction?
A sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit of work.

18.What are ACID properties?


Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

19.What is concurrency control?


Managing simultaneous operations without conflicts.

20.What is locking?
Mechanism to control access to data during concurrent transactions.

21.What is deadlock?
A situation where two transactions wait indefinitely for each other.

22.What is a stored procedure?


A group of SQL statements stored in the database and executed together.

23.What is a trigger?
A procedure that executes automatically in response to a specific event.
24.What is a schema?
The structure that defines the organization of data in a database.

25.Difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE?


DELETE removes specific rows; TRUNCATE removes all rows without
logging individual deletions.

26.Difference between DBMS and RDBMS?


RDBMS uses tables and enforces relationships; DBMS may not.

27.What is data integrity?


Ensures accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle.

28.What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clause?


WHERE filters rows before grouping; HAVING filters groups after
aggregation.

29.What is the GROUP BY clause?


It groups rows that have the same values in specified columns.

30.What is the ORDER BY clause?


Sorts the result set in ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC) order.

31.What is the difference between INNER JOIN and OUTER JOIN?


INNER JOIN returns matching rows only; OUTER JOIN returns matched and
unmatched rows.

32.What is a NULL value in SQL?


Represents missing or unknown data; it is not the same as zero or empty
string.

33.How do you handle NULL in SQL?


Using IS NULL, IS NOT NULL, or functions like COALESCE() and IFNULL().

34.What does the DISTINCT keyword do?


Removes duplicate rows from the result set.
35.What is the use of the LIKE operator?
Performs pattern matching in WHERE clause using % or _.

36.What is the IN operator?


Checks if a value exists in a list of values.

37.What is a correlated subquery?


A subquery that uses values from the outer query.

38.What is the LIMIT clause (or TOP in SQL Server)?


Limits the number of rows returned by a query.

39.What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL?


UNION removes duplicates; UNION ALL keeps all records including
duplicates.

40.What are aggregate functions in SQL?


Functions that operate on sets of rows: SUM(), AVG(), COUNT(), MIN(),
MAX().

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