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Kubernetes Interview Questions Answers

The document provides a comprehensive list of Kubernetes interview questions and answers across beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels. Key topics include the definition of Kubernetes, Pods, Deployments, Services, and various components like kubelet and kube-proxy. It also covers advanced concepts such as networking, security best practices, and Custom Resource Definitions.

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chadsun523
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3 views2 pages

Kubernetes Interview Questions Answers

The document provides a comprehensive list of Kubernetes interview questions and answers across beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels. Key topics include the definition of Kubernetes, Pods, Deployments, Services, and various components like kubelet and kube-proxy. It also covers advanced concepts such as networking, security best practices, and Custom Resource Definitions.

Uploaded by

chadsun523
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kubernetes Interview Questions and Answers

Beginner Level
Q: What is Kubernetes and why is it used?
A: Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform used to automate the deployment, scaling, a

Q: What is a Pod in Kubernetes?


A: A Pod is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes, which can contain one or more containers.

Q: What is the difference between a Deployment and a StatefulSet?


A: A Deployment manages stateless applications, while a StatefulSet is used for stateful applications requiring

Q: How does a Service work in Kubernetes?


A: A Service provides a stable endpoint for accessing a set of Pods, enabling load balancing and service disco

Q: What is the role of kubelet and kube-proxy?


A: kubelet ensures containers are running in a Pod, while kube-proxy handles network routing to Pods.

Q: What is a Namespace and why is it useful?


A: A Namespace is a way to divide cluster resources between multiple users, providing isolation.

Q: How do you expose a Pod to external traffic?


A: You can expose a Pod using a Service of type NodePort, LoadBalancer, or Ingress.

Q: What is the difference between ConfigMap and Secret?


A: ConfigMap is used to store non-sensitive configuration data, while Secret is used to store sensitive informat

Q: What is a ReplicaSet?
A: A ReplicaSet ensures a specified number of Pod replicas are running at any given time.

Q: What is the purpose of a Node in Kubernetes?


A: A Node is a worker machine (VM or physical) where Pods run.

Intermediate Level
Q: How does Kubernetes handle rolling updates and rollbacks?
A: Kubernetes uses Deployments to perform rolling updates and rollbacks, ensuring minimal downtime.

Q: What is an Ingress and how does it differ from a Service?


A: An Ingress manages external access to services, typically HTTP, while a Service provides internal access w

Q: How does kube-proxy route traffic to Pods?


A: kube-proxy uses iptables or IPVS to route traffic to the correct Pod based on Service rules.

Q: What are taints and tolerations?


A: Taints prevent Pods from being scheduled on certain nodes, while tolerations allow Pods to be scheduled o

Q: How do you persist data in Kubernetes?


A: You can persist data using PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims.

Q: What is the difference between Horizontal Pod Autoscaler and Cluster Autoscaler?
A: Horizontal Pod Autoscaler scales the number of Pods based on resource usage, while Cluster Autoscaler s

Q: How does Kubernetes perform service discovery?


A: Kubernetes uses DNS and environment variables to enable service discovery.
Q: What is a DaemonSet and when would you use it?
A: A DaemonSet ensures a copy of a Pod runs on all (or selected) nodes, useful for logging and monitoring.

Q: How do you troubleshoot a Pod stuck in `CrashLoopBackOff`?


A: Check the Pod logs, events, and resource limits to identify the issue.

Q: What are the different types of Services in Kubernetes?


A: ClusterIP (default), NodePort, LoadBalancer, and ExternalName.

Advanced Level
Q: How does Kubernetes networking work under the hood?
A: Kubernetes networking uses a flat network model where all Pods can communicate with each other, typicall

Q: Explain the control plane components in Kubernetes.


A: The control plane consists of etcd (key-value store), kube-apiserver (API server), kube-scheduler (schedule

Q: How does etcd work and what is its role in Kubernetes?


A: etcd is a distributed key-value store that provides a reliable way to store cluster state and configuration data

Q: What are the security best practices in Kubernetes?


A: Use RBAC, Network Policies, Secrets, Pod Security Policies, and regular security audits.

Q: How do Network Policies work in Kubernetes?


A: Network Policies define rules for how Pods can communicate with each other and external endpoints.

Q: What is the difference between init containers and sidecar containers?


A: Init containers run before the main container starts, while sidecar containers run alongside the main contain

Q: How do you manage secrets securely in Kubernetes?


A: Use Kubernetes Secrets, encrypt them at rest, and restrict access using RBAC.

Q: What is the role of the scheduler in Kubernetes?


A: The scheduler assigns Pods to nodes based on resource requirements and constraints.

Q: How do you debug networking issues in a Kubernetes cluster?


A: Use tools like kubectl, network plugins' diagnostics, and check kube-proxy and CNI configurations.

Q: What are Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) and Operators?


A: CRDs allow you to define custom resources, and Operators automate the management of these resources.

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