MYP 4&5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions - copy

Subject Grade Points

Extended Mathematics MYP 5 A 21 C 14 D 15

Question 1

Knowing and understanding

In this task (questions 1 to 3), you will interact with different aspects of form using a variety of
related concepts. This task focuses on criterion A (Knowing and understanding) and criterion C
(Communication).

Compare exponential growth of three different populations of bacteria.

A scientist is carrying out research on bacteria streptococcus pneumonia to see how different
environmental conditions in uence the growth of bacteria. The scientist took the bacteria in three
different environments and found that the growth rate for the bacteria is different in each
environment. Three different populations are studied giving rise to the following equations:

t
3
p 1 (t ) = 1000×e

3t
8
p 2 (t ) = 1500×e

t
4
p 3 (t ) = 5000×e

Here t is the number of hours since the beginning of the experiment which lasts for 24 hours, p i (t )
th
represents the size of the i bacteria population and e is the base of natural logarithm whose value
is 2.72 approximately.

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Q 1.1 Determine the population of bacteria in each of the environmental conditions when A3
the experiment ends.

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Q 1.2 Explain in terms of the structure of the expressions de ning p 1 (t ) and p 2 (t ) , why A2
these two populations never share the same value at any time during the C1
experiment.

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Q 1.3 Find the time at which the populations of p 1 (t ) and p 3 (t ) , will be equal at exactly A1
one time during the experiment. Choose the correct option from the following C1
options. Justify your answer.

A 6 ln 5

B 12 ln 5

C 12 ln 7

D 6 ln 7

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Question 2

Analyse the graph of an exponential function.

If a cold can of soda is kept at room temperature, then it starts getting hot. On a summer afternoon, a
can of soda is left at room temperature. The graph given below shows the temperature of the soda
can (in Fahrenheit) increased with respect to the time it is kept in the room. On the y-axis we have
F(t), which is the temperature of soda can. On the x-axis we have t, which shows the minutes that
soda can is in the room.

The above graph can be modelled by an exponential function,

F (t) = A − B ×e −kt , for some positive values of A, B and k.

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Q 2.1 Estimate the value of A using the graph shown. A2

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Q 2.2 Estimate the value of B using the graph shown. A2

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Q 2.3 State True/False for the following statements with proper justi cation. A2
C2

True False
The room temperature is 75° F.

True False
The initial temperature of the cold soda can is 42.5° F

Q 2.4 Determine the temperature of the soda can after 20 minutes of keeping it in the hot A2
room.

[HINT k = 0.15]

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Question 3

Find the values of a logarithm function and its transformation.

The decibel is a unit of measurement of sound that is expressed with the following formula.

⎛ P ⎞⎟
D = 10×log ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ P0 ⎠

Where, P is the power or intensity of the sound and P0 is the weakest sound that the human ear can
hear. Here P is measured in W/m2 and value of P0 = 1 × 10-12 W/m2.

Q 3.1 Write down the formula with P as the subject. A1

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Q 3.2 Show that the formula of P that you found is the inverse of the Decibel function A2
graphically. C1

#22194D R 34 G 25 B 77

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Q 3.3 The average decibel values of different noises are shown in the following image. A2
C1

Determine the intensity of sound that is harmful for humans.

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Q 3.4 A new unit of sound is described such that the new Decibel function is given by the A2
following formula.

N = 10 log (P ×10−10 )

Find the correct option/(s) from the following options related to this function.

(May have multiple correct answers)

A The graph of N is horizontal dilation of D.

B The graph of N is vertical dilation of D.

C The scale factor for the graph is parallel to x - axis.

D The scale factor for the graph is parallel to x - axis.

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Question 4

Applying mathematics in real-life contexts

In this task (question 4), you will use relationships to apply mathematics within the global context
of scienti c and technical innovation. This task focuses on criterion D (Applying mathematics in
real-life contexts) and criterion C (Communication).

Compare exponential models for the brightness of stars.

Apparent magnitude (m) is a measure of brightness of a star or other astronomical object observed
from Earth. The brighter the star, the lower the numerical value given to its magnitude and vice
versa. The magnitude m, can be calculated using the following formula,

⎛⎜ F 2 ⎞⎟
m = −5 log100 ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ , where F and F are the ux densities of planetary objects.
2 1
F
⎝ 1⎠
⎟

Q 4.1 State the correct statement or statements that from the following options. D3
(May have multiple correct answers)

A A star of magnitude 2.0 is 2.512 times brighter than a star of

B A star of magnitude 2.0 is 6.31 times brighter than a star of

C A star of magnitude 2.0 is 100 times brighter than the one of

D A star of magnitude 2.0 is 1000 times brighter than the one of

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Q 4.2 The apparent magnitude of the Sun is -26.74 and the magnitude of the full moon is C2
-12.74. State True/False for the following statement with proper justi cation. D1

True False
“The sun appears about 4,000,000 times brighter than the full
moon.”

Q 4.3 F2 C2
is mostly called a brightness factor represented by Bf. Plot the function of D2
F1
calculating negative of apparent magnitude (mn) and nd the graph for the inverse
of this function using the plot.

#22194D R 34 G 25 B 77

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Photometry is a technique used in astronomy that is concerned with measuring the ux or intensity
of light radiated by astronomical objects. Sometimes, for closely separated double stars we only are
able to record the combined light output. For calculating the magnitude of closely separated double
stars we nd the brightness factor for the combined stars and individual stars. The brightness factor
for the combined stars is equal to the individual brightness factors of stars. [The process works the
same for any planetary object]

Two combinations of planetary objects along with their apparent magnitude as observed from Earth
is mentioned below.

Combination A: Saturn (m = +0.46), Venus (m = -2.98)

Q 4.4 Compare the combined apparent magnitude of combination A and combination B. In C3

determine the formula for combined magnitude of two planetary objects (M)
with individual magnitudes m1 and m2.
state the comparison of the apparent magnitude of combination A and
combination B.
ensure you communicate all information clearly.

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