WA2

Task 1: Function Operations

Given f ( x )=2 x +1 and g ( x )=3 x+1

i. Operations

a. ()f
g
( x )=
f (x )
g(x)
2 x +1
¿
3 x +1

b. ( fg )( x )=f ( x ) . g ( x )

¿ ( 2 x+1 )( 3 x+ 1 )
¿ 2 x ( 3 x+ 1 )+ 1 ( 3 x +1 )
2
¿ 6 x + 2 x +3 x+ 1
2
¿ 6 x + 5 x +1

c. ( fog )( x )=f ( g ( x ) )
¿ 2 ( 3 x +1 ) +1
¿ 6 x +2+1
¿ 6 x +3

d. ( gof ) ( x ) =g (f ( x ) )

¿ 3 ( 2 x +1 ) +1
¿ 6 x +3+1
¿ 6 x +4

ii. Equality

It is clear that ( fg )( x ) ≠ ( fog )( x ) ≠ ( gof ) ( x )

 For ( fg )( x )is a quadratic while ( fog )( x ) and ( gof ) ( x ) are linear functions. Moreover,
since composition is not commutative, ( fog )( x ) can be different from ( gof ) ( x ) .

iii. Domain and ranges

Procedure:
1. Find the domain of each function separately
2. Find the intersection set of the two domains
3. Check for domain rules depending on the relation whose domain
and/or range is being found.
4. For composite functions, the domain of the composite is dependent
on that of innermost function; so both domains should be considered.

f
a. Domain and range for ( )( x )
g

Since f (x) and g(x ) are both linear functions, their domains are the same, that
is, domain of f ( x ) =domain of g ( x )=(−∞ , ∞)

f
The relation ( )( x ) introduces a denominator for which we have to ensure
g
that g(x )≠ 0, hence, solving for x when g ( x )=0, that is, 3 x+ 1=0 yields
−1 f
x= . Therefore, the domain of ( )( x ) is:
3 g
−∞ ,( −1
3
∪ ) (
−1
3
,∞, )
f
The range of ( )( x ) is found by expressing the resulting function in terms of
g
its outputs, that is,
2 x+ 1
y=
3 x+ 1
y ( 3 x +1 ) =2 x +1
3 xy + y=2 x +1
1− y
⟹ x=
3 y −2

Hence, for all possible inputs, x ,we should not expect the outputs such that
2 2 2
3 y−2=0which yields y= . Hence the range is (−∞ , )∪ ( , ∞ )
3 3 3
 b. Domain and range for (fg)(x )
From the above work, the domain of f =domain of g=(−∞ , ∞ ) , that is , all R .
Since the product is a quadratic function, with no denominators or square roots
or logarithms involved, the domain of ( fg )( x ) ∈(−∞ ,∞ )

To get the range, we consider the output, a quadratic: ( f . g ) ( x )=6 x 2+ 5 x +1.

−b
The vertex for a quadratic function: h ( x )=a x 2 +bx +c is x= .
2a
−5 −5
For the above product, a=6 , b=5 ⟹ x= =
2∗6 12

Getting the minimum output from the vertex point,

( ) ( )
2
( f . g ) ( x )=6 −5 + 5 −5 +1= −1
12 12 24

Since the quadratic opens upwards, the range of the product, ( f . g ) ( x )=¿,
starting and including the minimum value at the vertex.

c. Domain and range for (fog)(x )

The domain of domain of g ( x )=domain of f ( x ) ∈ R ; and likewise, the

domain of ( fog )( x ) ∈ R . This is so because the domain of the innermost
function, g(x ) is the same as that of the composite function, (fog)(x )

The range of ( fog ) ( x ) ∈ R .

d. Domain and range for (gof )(x)

The domain of domain of g ( x )=domain of f ( x ) ∈ R ; and likewise, the

domain of ( gof ) ( x ) ∈ R . This is so because the domain of the innermost
function, f (x) is the same as that of the composite function, (gof )(x)

The range of ( gof )( x ) ∈ R .

Task 2: Inverse Functions

Given:
The temperature control function of the greenhouse system is:
 T ( C )=
√ 20C +15
15C +16
Where:

 T is the temperature inside the greenhouse in (° C)

 C is the control setting on the climate control system.

i. The inverse of T (C)

The inverse of T ( C )=f −1 (T ) , that is, C ( T )=f −1 (T ) hence expressing C as a

function of T

From

T ( C )=
√ 20C +15
15C +16

2
T ( 15 C+16 )=20 C +15

2 2
15 C T +16 T =20 C +15

2 2
15 C T −20 C=15−16 T

C ( 15 T 2−20 ) =15−16 T 2

2
15−16 T
C= 2
15T −20

ii. Practical Limitations based on the inverse

Practical limitations can be evaluated from the point of view of the original
function

And also, of the new function

T ( C )=
√ 20C +15
15C +16
 2
15−16 T
C= 2
15T −20

From the point of view of the control settings, we need to make sure that the
denominator, 15 T 2 −20 is not 0 , that is, 15 T 2 −20>0. This resolves to:

2 20
T >
15

Hence, T >
√ 20
15
⇒T>
3 √
4 ⇒T > 2
√3
2
And since for all practice reasons, T cannot be negative, then T >
+ √3
Moreover, from the original function, the restrictions on the acceptable inputs,
C values, is that the expression under the square root must be non-negative, and

the denominator must not be zero:

20 C+15
≥0 , and 15 C+16 >0.
15C +16
1 −16
The first yields that C ≥ and the second yields that C>
5 15

Thus, it is clear that the acceptable domain, for the greenhouse temperatures, in the

context of the control setting, C is ( −16

15 5
1
] [
, U , ∞ ).
1
5

Note: The control setting, though has an acceptable domain towards infinity, cannot
tune the greenhouse temperatures to values greater that the normally possible
temperatures for plant survival, possibly about 35 ° C .

Task 3: Combining Transformations

The function and its transformations are as below:

Original function: f (x)=√5 x

Its transformed variations, f 1 ( x )= √ x +6 , f 2 ( x )= √ x−6 , f 3 ( x )= √50 x , and f 4 ( x )=

5 5 5

√
5 x
50
i. Graph of the transformations and the original

The graph below represents the original function, f (x)=√5 x , its transformed
5 5 5

√
variations, f 1 ( x )= √ x +6 , f 2 ( x )= √ x−6 , f 3 ( x )= √50 x , and f 4 ( x )=
5 x

50

ii. Explaining the 4 transformations graphically

a. f 1 ( x )= √ x +6
5

 The graph is shifted vertically upwards by 6 units from its original

position.
 No change in shape happens
 ( x , y ) →( x , y +6)

b. f 2 ( x )= √ x−6
5

 The graph is shifted vertically downwards by 6 units from its original

position.
 No change in shape happens
 ( x , y ) →( x , y −6)
 c. f 3 ( x )= √50 x
5

 The graph is compressed horizontally by a factor of 50

 ( x , y ) →(50 x , y )

d. f 4 ( x )=
√
5 x
50

 The graph is stretched horizontally by a factor of 50

x
 ( x , y ) →( , y )
50

iii. Observations on domain and ranges of the 4 transformations

The domains and ranges of all the transformations, including the original are
defined for all real numbers since this is true for odd roots.

Function Domain Range Type of

transformation
f ( x )= √ x (−∞ , ∞ ) (−∞ , ∞ )
5
None

f 1 ( x )= √ x (−∞, (−∞, ∞)
5
+6 ∞) Vertical shift
upwards
f 2 ( x )= √ x−6
(−∞, ∞) (−∞, ∞)
5
Vertical shift
downwards
f 3 ( x )= √ 50(−∞, (−∞, ∞)
5
x ∞) Horizontal
compression

√ x(−∞, ∞)
5 (−∞, ∞) Horizontal stretch
f 4 ( x )=
50

Task 4: Even and Odd functions

a. Even functions are functions that exhibit symmetry about the y-axis (Stitz & Zeager,
2013; Abramson, 2023). This implies that their left side is a mirror of their right side,
but about the y-axis. The existence of this symmetry can be checked for a function
f (x) by replacing x with −x in all the domain of f . If and only if f ( x )=f (−x ), then
the function is of even symmetry hence is an even function.
 3
10 t
Alex can determine if g ( t )= 2 displays an even function by checking whether
12 t +53
3
10 t
the relation g (−t )=g(t) is true, that is, g(−t ) yields the same expression 2 for
12t + 53
all t in the domain of g

b. Graphical explanation

3
10 t
The displacement function displayed above from g ( t )= 2 displays odd symmetry. For
12 t +53
odd symmetry, the function should meet the following requirement, that is, −g ( t )=g(−t) ,
where:
3
10 (−t )
g (−t )= 2
12 (−t ) + 53
3
( ) −10 t
g −t = 2
12 t +53
Moreover, an odd function should exhibit symmetry about the origin, that is, (0,0) which is
seen in the graph. This implies that if the graph is rotated 180 ° , it remains the same.
Furthermore, it can be seen that for every point (a ,b) there exists a symmetrical point
(−a ,−b ) about the origin.
References

Abramson, J. (2023). Algebra and trigonometry (2nd ed.). OpenStax.

https://openstax.org/details/books/algebra-and-trigonometry-2e licensed under CC 4.0

Stitz, C., & Zeager, J. (2013). College algebra. Stitz Zeager Open-Source Mathematics.
https://stitz-zeager.com/szca07042013.pdf