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2 - Notes - Computer System

A computer is an electronic device that processes input data, stores it, and provides meaningful output, performing four main functions: input, processing, storage, and output. The document explains the IPOS cycle, the differences between data and information, features of computer systems, advantages, application areas, limitations, hardware components, and the CPU's functions and components. It also describes the motherboard and data bus types, illustrating how they facilitate communication within the computer.

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2 views5 pages

2 - Notes - Computer System

A computer is an electronic device that processes input data, stores it, and provides meaningful output, performing four main functions: input, processing, storage, and output. The document explains the IPOS cycle, the differences between data and information, features of computer systems, advantages, application areas, limitations, hardware components, and the CPU's functions and components. It also describes the motherboard and data bus types, illustrating how they facilitate communication within the computer.

Uploaded by

shakyasujay3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Computer System (Definition of a Computer)

A computer is an electronic device that takes input (data), processes it, stores it, and gives
meaningful output.
It helps us do work faster and more accurately.

Example: Using a computer to type documents, play games, watch videos, or calculate bills.

2. Functions of a Computer System

A computer performs four main functions:

1. Input – Entering data into the computer (e.g., using keyboard/mouse)


2. Processing – Working on the data (done by the CPU)
3. Storage – Saving data for future use (e.g., in hard drives)
4. Output – Showing results (e.g., on a monitor)

Example: Typing a letter → Computer processes it → Saves it → Displays it.

3. IPOS Cycle

IPOS stands for:

• Input – Getting data (e.g., typing using keyboard)


• Process – CPU works on data
• Output – Showing results (e.g., monitor shows result)
• Storage – Saving results (e.g., in pen drive or hard disk)

Example: ATM machine – You insert your card (input), it processes your request, gives cash
(output), and saves the transaction (storage).
4. Introduction to Data and Information (with Differences)

• Data: Raw facts and figures. (e.g., 80, 90, 70)


• Information: Processed data that makes sense. (e.g., "Student scored 80, 90, and 70 in
exams.")

Data Information
Unprocessed facts Processed and meaningful data
Has no clear meaning alone Has a clear meaning and use

5. Features / Characteristics of Computer Systems

• Speed – Works very fast (e.g., calculates in seconds)


• Accuracy – Gives correct results (unless there's a human error)
• Automation – Works on its own after giving instructions
• Storage – Stores a lot of data (documents, videos, etc.)
• Multitasking – Can do many things at once (e.g., music + typing)

Real-Life Example: A cashier uses a computer to bill items quickly and correctly.

6. Advantages of Computers in Today’s World

• Makes work faster and easier


• Reduces paperwork
• Helps in learning (online classes, e-books)
• Used in banks, hospitals, offices
• Helps us stay connected (emails, social media)
• Entertainment (movies, games, music)
7. Application Areas of a Computer

• Education – Smart boards, online classes


• Banking – ATM, net banking
• Health – Patient records, medical tests
• Business – Inventory, billing
• Government – ID cards, digital records

Example: Computers in hospitals help doctors keep and check patient history quickly.

8. Limitations of a Computer System

• Cannot think or make decisions


• Works only as programmed
• Needs electricity
• Cannot work without instructions
• Can’t replace human emotions or creativity

9. Computer Hardware (Including Input Devices)

Hardware: The physical parts of a computer.

Examples:

• Monitor – Shows output


• Keyboard – Input device (used to type)
• Mouse – Input device (used to click/select)
• CPU – Processes data
• Scanner – Input device (converts paper to digital)
• Printer – Output device

Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Joystick


10. CPU, Its Functions, and Components (ALU, CU, Registers)

CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer. It processes all data and
instructions.

Functions:

• Performs calculations
• Controls all operations
• Stores temporary data

Components of CPU:

1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – Performs math and logic operations


2. CU (Control Unit) – Controls how data moves inside the computer
3. Registers – Small memory units inside CPU for fast access

Example: CPU solves math problems using ALU, directs actions with CU, and uses Registers
to remember numbers.

11. Motherboard

• The main circuit board of the computer


• All parts like CPU, RAM, and storage connect to it
• Helps in communication between components

Example: Like a human body’s spine connecting all parts, the motherboard connects all
computer parts.
12. Data Bus (With Its Different Types)

A data bus is a set of wires that carry data inside the computer.

Types of Buses:

1. Data Bus – Carries actual data (e.g., numbers, letters)


2. Address Bus – Carries memory addresses (tells where data is stored)
3. Control Bus – Carries control signals (tells what to do)

Example: Think of it like roads in a city – Data Bus is like vehicles carrying goods (data),
Address Bus is like GPS telling where to go, and Control Bus is like traffic lights giving
instructions.

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