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EC464 Assignment2

The document outlines an assignment for ECE464, Spring 2025, consisting of various questions related to waveforms, modulation schemes, bit error probability, and signal processing. It includes tasks such as demonstrating orthogonality of waveforms, calculating error probabilities, and determining bandwidth requirements for different transmission schemes. Each question requires analytical solutions and computations based on provided figures and parameters.

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amk81830
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11 views4 pages

EC464 Assignment2

The document outlines an assignment for ECE464, Spring 2025, consisting of various questions related to waveforms, modulation schemes, bit error probability, and signal processing. It includes tasks such as demonstrating orthogonality of waveforms, calculating error probabilities, and determining bandwidth requirements for different transmission schemes. Each question requires analytical solutions and computations based on provided figures and parameters.

Uploaded by

amk81830
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE464 Spring, 2025 Assignment # 2

(Q1) Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the fact that any arbitrary waveform set can be represented as
a linear combination of orthogonal waveforms. The set of three waveforms in Figure 1
are s1 (t), s2 (t) and s3 (t).

Figure 1: Set of waveforms.

(a) Show that these waveforms do not form an orthogonal set.


(b) Figure 2-(a) shows a set of two waveforms, Ψ1 (t) and Ψ2 (t). Show that these
waveforms form an orthogonal set.

Figure 2: Set of orthogonal waveforms.

Spring 2025 1
ECE464 Spring, 2025 Assignment # 2

(c) Show how the nonorthogonal waveform set in part (a) can be expressed as a linear
combination of the orthogonal set in part (b).
0 0
(d) Figure 2-(b) illustrates another orthogonal set of two waveforms. Ψ1 and Ψ2 (t).
Show how the nonorthogonal set in Figure 1 can be expressed as a linear combi-
nation of the set in Figure 2-b.

(Q2) (a) Show that the three functions illustrated in Figure 3 are pairwise orthogonal over
the interval (−2, 2).

Figure 3: Problem 2.

(b) Determine the value of the constant, A, that makes the set of functions in part
(a) an orthonormal set.
(c) Express the following waveform, x(t), in terms of the orthonormal set of part (b).

1, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
x(t) =
0, ow.

(Q3) A continuously operating coherent BP SK system makes errors at the average rate of
100 errors per day. The data rate is 1000 bits/s. The single-sided noise power spectral
density is N0 = 10−10 W/Hz.

(a) If the system is ergodic, what is the average bit error probability?
(b) If the value of received average signal power is adjusted to be 1 µW , will this
received power be adequate to maintain the error probability found in part (a)?

(Q4) If a system’s main performance criterion is bit error probability, which of the following
two modulation schemes would be selected for an AWGN channel? Show computations.

Spring 2025 2
ECE464 Spring, 2025 Assignment # 2

(a) Binary non-coherent orthogonal FSK with Eb /No = 13 dB


(b) Binary coherent PSK with Eb /No = 8 dB.

(Q5) We are required to transmit 2.08 × 106 b/s with Pb ≤ 10−6 . Three possible schemes
are considered:

– Binary
– 16-ary ASK
– 16-ary PSK

The channel noise PSD is Sn (f ) = N0 /2 = 10−8 . Determine the transmission band-


width and the signal power required at the receiver input in each case.

(Q6) Consider the signal s(t) shown in Figure 4

Figure 4: Problem 6.

(a) Determine the impulse response of a filter matched to this signal and sketch it as
a function of time.
(b) Plot the matched filter output as a function of time.
(c) What is the peak value of the output?

(Q7) Consider the functions

ψ1 (t) = exp(−|t|), and, ψ2 (t) = 1 − A exp(−2|t|)

Determine the constant, A , such that ψ1 (t) and ψ2 (t) are orthogonal over the interval
(−∞, ∞).

Spring 2025 3
ECE464 Spring, 2025 Assignment # 2

(Q8) Bipolar pulse signals, si (t), (i = 1, 2), of amplitude ±V are received in the presence of
AWGN that has a variance of 0.1 V 2 . Determine the optimum (minimum probability
of error) detection threshold, γ0 , for matched filter detection if the a priori probabilities
are: (a) P (s1 ) = 0.5; (b) P (s1 ) = 0.7; (c) P (s1 ) = 0.2. (d) Explain the effect of the
a priori probabilities on the value of γ0 (Hint: Refer to Equations (B.10) to (B.12) in
Sklar Textbook.)

(Q9) A voice signal (300 to 3300 Hz) is digitized such that the quantization distortion ≤
±0.1% of the peak-to-peak signal voltage. Assume a sampling rate of 8000 samples/sec,
and a multilevel PAM waveform with M = 32 levels. Find the theoretical minimum
system bandwidth that avoids ISI (i.e., Rs /2.)

Spring 2025 4

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