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Haunted Maths Problem

The document presents a series of mathematical problems and proofs, focusing on inequalities, limits, and integrals. Each problem is numbered and includes specific conditions or parameters, such as positive real numbers or natural numbers. The document emphasizes the importance of solving mathematical problems to avoid them becoming 'haunted' by their unsolved nature.

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SHARMILA ROY CHOUDHURY
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41 views3 pages

Haunted Maths Problem

The document presents a series of mathematical problems and proofs, focusing on inequalities, limits, and integrals. Each problem is numbered and includes specific conditions or parameters, such as positive real numbers or natural numbers. The document emphasizes the importance of solving mathematical problems to avoid them becoming 'haunted' by their unsolved nature.

Uploaded by

SHARMILA ROY CHOUDHURY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH UNBOXED

MATHEMATICS : ”Problems become haunted


when left unsolved”.
ADITYA BHOJ
June 2025

1 Introduction: :)

PR 1-

Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 3. Prove that


X a 1 X√ 7
p + a≥
cyc 4(b2 + c2 ) + 7bc 12 cyc 12
P
Here, cyc means the cyclic sum, so each sum has three terms.

PR 2-

Evaluate
Xn n−m
X  2n − m − k 2kk2mm 
lim · .
n→∞
m=0
n−m+1 2nn
k=0

PR 3- For a natural number n, let

1 (2n)!
Cn = 2nn =
n+1 n!(n + 1)!

be the n-th Catalan number. Prove that for any natural number m,
X 3
Ci+j Cj+k Ck+i = C2m+1 .
2m + 3
i+j+k=m

1
PR 4-

Let integer n ≥ 3, and let n2 nonnegative real numbers ai,j satisfy ai,j +
aj,k ≤ ai,k for all 1 ≤ i < j < k ≤ n. Prove that
 2
 2 X
n X
a2i,j ≥  ai,j  .
4
1≤i<j≤n 1≤i<j≤n

PR 5-

Let n ∈ N and 0 ≤ a1 ≤ a2 ≤ · · · ≤ an ≤ π and b1 , b2 , . . . , bn be real


numbers for which the following inequality is satisfied:
n
X 1
bi cos(kai ) <
i=1
k

for all k ∈ N . Prove that b1 = b2 = · · · = bn = 0.


PR 6-

Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 3. Prove that


X 1 1
≤
cyc
12 + 4(b + c) 12
P
where cyc denotes the cyclic sum, so each sum has three terms.

PR 7- Let 0 ≤ a1 ≤ a2 ≤ · · · ≤ an−1 ≤ an and a1 + a2 + · · · + an = 1.

Prove that: For any non-negative numbers x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ; y1 , y2 , . . . , yn , we


have
n n
! n n
! n n n n
!2
X Y
ai
X Y
ai 2
√ X √ X X √ X √
ai xi − xi ai yi − yi ≤ an n xi · n yi − xi · yi
i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1

Pn
PR 8- Let n ≥ 4 be even and let a1 ≥ · · · ≥ an be reals such that i=1 ai ≥

0. Prove v v
n u n u n
1X a1 − an u1 X uY
ai + ≥t a2 ≥ n
t ai
n i=1 2 n i=1 i i=1

PR 9- For any nonempty set of integers X, define the function

2
(−1)|X|
f (X) = Q 2
k∈X k

where |X| denotes the number of elements in X.


Consider the set S = {2, 3, . . . , 13}. Note that 1 is not an element of S.
Compute X
f (T )
T ⊆ST ̸=∅

where the sum is taken over all nonempty subsets T of S.

PR 10-

(a) Evaluate the integral:


Z 1
xn−1 (ln x)r dx (n > 2)
0

(b) Define I1 and I2 as follows:


Z ∞
1
I1 = dx,
0 x4 (9 + x2 )
Z ∞
cos(4x)
I2 = dx
0 x4 (9+ x2 )
Calculate (i) I1 + I2 and (ii) I1 − I2 . How will your answers change if the
lower limit is 3 instead of 0?
(c) Evaluate:
∞
1 + 2024e−x
Z  
1
ln dx
0 ex 1 + 1012e−x
Hint: Consider calculating
∞
1 + be−x
Z  
1
f (a, b) = ln dx
0 ex 1 + ae−x

”SOLVE - -MaThEmAtIcS”

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