PRACTICE SHEET MATHEMATICS

Lakshya JEE AIR Advanced (2025) [SELF ASSESSMENT]

[Probability]

Single Correct Type Questions 17 9

(A) (B)
1. A and B are persons standing in corner square as 100 50
shown in the figure. They start to move on same 7 9
(C) (D)
time with equal speed, if A can move only in East 50 16
or South direction and B can move only in North
or West direction. If in each step they reach in 5. A bag contains four tickets numbered 00,01,10
next square and their choice of direction are and 11. Four tickets are chosen at random with
equally likely. If it is given that A and B meet in replacement, then the probability that sum of the
shaded region, then the probability that they have numbers on the tickets is 23, is
met in the top most shaded square, is 3 1
(A) (B)
32 64
5 7
(C) (D)
256 256

6. India play two matches each with West Indies and

5 Australia. In any match the probabilities of India
1 C2
(A) (B) getting points 0,1 and 2 are 0.45,0.05 and 0.50,
6 10
C3 respectively. Assuming that the outcomes are
1 1 independent, then the probability of India getting
(C) (D)
10
C5 2 6
5 atleast 7 points, is
(A) 0.8750 (B) 0.0875
(C) 0.0625 (D) 0.0250
2. If the sides of a triangle are decided by the throw
of a single dice thrice, the probability that triangle
7. All the spades are taken out from a pack of cards.
is of maximum area given that it is an isosceles
From these cards, cards are drawn out one by one
triangle, is
without replacement till the ace of spades comes.
1 1
(A) (B) The probability that the ace come in the 4th draw,
7 27
is
1
(C) (D) None of these 1 12
14 (A) (B)
13 13
4
3. Two positive real numbers x and y satisfying x ≤ 1 (C) (D) None of these
13
and y ≤ 1 are chosen at random. Then probability
that x + y ≤ 1, given that x2 + y2 ≥ 1/4, is
8. A letter is known to have come from CHENNAI,
8− 4−
(A) (B) JAIPUR, NAINITAL, DUBAI and MUMBAI. On
16 −  16 −  the post mark only two consecutive letters AI are
4− legible. Then the probability that it come from
(C) (D) None of these
8− MUMBAI, is
42 84
4. Two non-negative integers are chosen at random. (A) (B)
319 403
The probability that the sum of the square is
39 42
divisible by 10, is (C) (D)
331 331

1
9. Four identical dice are rolled once. The 1 2
(C) (D)
probability that atleast three different number 9 9
appear on them, is
13 17 15. Let S be the set of all function from the set
(A) (B)
42 42 {1,2,…,10} to itself. One function is selected
23 25 from S, the probability that the selected function is
(C) (D)
42 42 one-one onto is :
9! 1
(A) (B)
10. The numbers 1,2,3,…., n are arranged in a random 109 10
order. Then, the probability that the digits 1,2,3, 100 9!
…., k (k < n) appears as neighbours in that order, is (C) (D)
10! 1010
1 k!
(A) (B)
n! n! One or More Than One Correct Type Questions
(n − k )! (n − k + 1)! 16. For any two events A and B in a sample space.
 A  P ( A) + P ( B ) − 1
(C) (D)
, P ( B )  0,
n! n!
(A) P   
B P ( B)
11. Three different numbers are selected at random
from the set A = {1,2,3,..,10}. The probability that
( )
(B) P A  B = P ( A) − P ( A  B ) , does not
hold
the product of two of the numbers is equal to
(C) P( A  B) = 1 − P ( A ) P ( B ) , if A and B are
third, is
3 1 independent
(A)
4
(B)
40 (D) P ( A  B ) = 1 − P ( A ) P ( B ) , if A and B are
1 39 disjoint
(C) (D)
8 40
17. For two given events A and B, P(A  B) is
12. There are two vans each having numbered seats, 3 (A) not less than P(A) + P(B) −1
in the front and 4 at the back. There are 3 girls and (B) not greater than P(A) + P(B)
9 boys to be seated in the vans. The probability of (C) equal to P(A) + P(B) − P (A  B)
3 girls sitting together in a back row on adjacent (D) equal to P(A) + P(B) + P (A  B)
seats, is
1 1 18. A student appears for tests I, II and III. The
(A) (B) student is successful if he passes either in tests I
13 39
and II or tests I and III. The probabilities of the
1 1
(C) (D) student passing in tests I, II and III are p, q and
65 91
1/2, respectively. If the probability that the student
is successful is 1/2, then
13. If A be any event in sample space then the
(A) p = 1, q = 0
maximum value of 3 P ( A) + 4 P A is :( ) (B) p = 2/3, q = 1/2
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) p = 3/5, q = 2/3
(C) 5 (D) Can not be determined (D) infinitely values of p and q

19. Suppose m boys and m girls take their sets

14. A set contains 3n members. Let Pn be the
randomly around a circle. Then probability of
probability that S is partitioned into 3 disjoint
subsets with n members in each subset such that their sitting is (2m−1Cm)−1, when
the three largest members of S are in different (A) no two boys sit together
subsets. Then lim Pn = (B) no two girls sit together
n→ (C) boys and girls sit alternatively
2 1 (D) all the boys sit together
(A) (B)
7 7
2
20. The probabilities that a student passes in (A) The probability that both will be alive for the
Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry are m, p and next 10 years is 0.7221
c, respectively. In these subjects, the student has a (B) At least one of them will alive for the next 10
75% chance of passing in atleast one, a 50% years is 0.9779
chance of passing in atleast two and a 40% chance (C) At least one of them will alive for the next 10
of passing in exactly two. Which of the following years is 0.8230
relations are true? (D) The probability that both will be alive for the
(A) p + m + c = 19/20 next 10 years is 0.6320
(B) p + m + c = 27/20
(C) pmc = 1/10 25. A bag contains four tickets marked with 112, 121,
(D) pmc = 1/4 211, 222 one ticket is drawn at random from the
bag let Ei (i = 1, 2, 3) denotes the event that ith
21. Given that x  [0,1] and y[0,1]. Let A be the digit on the ticket is 2. Then:
event of (x, y) satisfying y2 ≤ x and B be the event (A) E1 and E2 are independent
of (x, y) satisfying x2 ≤ y, then not true, is (B) E2 and E3 are independent
1 (C) E3 and E1 are independent
(A) P(A∩B)=
3 (D) E1, E2, E3 are independent
(B) A and B are exhaustive
(C) A and B are mutually exclusive 26. If A1, A2, A3, …. A1006 be independent events such
(D) A and B are independent 1
that P ( Ai ) = ( i = 1,2,3,.....,1006) and
2i
22. A consignment of 15 record players contains 4 probability that none of the events occurs be
defectives. The record players are selected at !
random, one by one and examined. The one 
, then:
examined are not put back. Then
2 (!)


(A) Probability of getting exactly 3 defectives in (A) β is of form 4k + 2, k  I

the examination of 8 record players is (B) α = 2β
4
C3 11 C5 (C) β is a composite number
15 (D) α is of form 4k, k  I
C8
(B) Probability that 9th one examined is the last 3 2
defective is 8/195 27. For two events A and B let, P ( A) = , P ( B ) = ,
5 3
(C) Probability that 9th examined record player is
then which of the following is/are correct?
defective given that there were 3 defectives
(A) P ( A  B ) 
in the first 8 players examined is 1/7 1
(D) Probability 9th one examined is last defective 3
is 8/197 2
(B) P ( A  B ) 
3
23. P1, P2, P3 and P4 are four players playing in a
4 3
knockout tournament and chance that P1 will pair up (C)  P ( A  B) 
15 5
with Pj is proportional to j and Pi wins if i<j, then
probability that P2 will reach the next round is: (D)
1
10
(
P A/ B ) 3
5
 7
(A) (B) Paragraph Type Questions
2 9 Passage-I
2 If p and q are chosen randomly from the set
(C) (D) None of these
3 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} with replacement.
28. The probability that roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are
24. The probability that a 50-year-old man will be real and distinct, is
alive at 60 is 0.83 and the probability that a 45 (A) 0.38 (B) 0.03
year-old woman will be alive at 55 is 0.87. Then (C) 0.59 (D) 0.89
3
29. The probability that roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are 36. If P3 be the probability that the cube selected has
equal, is none of its sides painted, then the value of 27P3, is
(A) 0.58 (B) 0.55 (A) 1
(C) 0.38 (D) 0.03 (B) 2
(C) 3
30. The probability that roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are (D) 5
imaginary, is
(A) 0.62 (B) 0.38 Passage-IV
(C) 0.59 (D) 0.89 A chess game between two grandmasters X and Y is won
by whoever first wins a total of two games. X's. Chances
Passage-II of winning, drawing or loosing any particular game are
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {−2,−1, 0, 1, 3, 5} a, b and c, respectively. The games are independent and
31. The probability of strictly increasing function a+b+c=1
from A to B, is
1 1 37. The probability that X wins that match in
(A) (B)
27 18 (n + 1)th game (n ≥ 1) is

(C)
5
(D)
7 (A) na2bn−1
54 54 (B) na2bn−2 (b + (n − 1)c )
32. The probability of non- decreasing function from (C) na2bcn−1
A to B, is (D) nabn−1(b + nc)
5 7 38. The probability that Y wins that match in
(A) (B)
27 27 4th game is
(C)
1
(D)
11 (A) abc(2a + 3b)
3 27
(B) bc2 (a + 3b)
33. The probability of onto function from B to B, such (C) 2ac2 (b + c)
that f (i)  i, i = − 2, −1, 0, 1, 3, 5 is
(D) 3bc2 (2a + b)
53 35
(A) (B)
144 144 39. The probability that X wins the match is
29 25
(C) (D) a 2 (a + 2c) a3
72 72 (A) (B)
(a + c)3 ( a + c )3
Passage-III a 2 (a + 3c) c3
A cube having all of its faces painted is cut by two (C) (D)
horizontal, two vertical and other two planes, so as to (a + c)3 ( a + c )3
form 27 cubes, all having the same dimensions of these
cubes, a cube is selected at random. Passage-V
34. If P1 be the probability that the cube selected has Mr. A randomly picks 3 distinct numbers from the set
atleast one of its sides painted, then the value of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} and arranges them in descending
27P1, is order to form a three digit number. Mr. B randomly
(A) 14 (B) 18 picks 3 distinct numbers from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
(C) 22 (D) 26 8} and also arranges them in descending order to form a
3 digit number.
35. If P2 be the probability that the cube selected has 40. The probability that Mr. A's 3 digit number is
exactly two of its sides painted, then the value of always greater than Mr. B's 3 digit number is :
27P2, is 1 1
(A) (B)
(A) 3 (B) 8 9 3
(C) 12 (D) 17 2 1
(C) (D)
3 4

4
41. The probability that A and B has the same 3 digit the value of [9p2], where []
number is: denotes the greatest integer
7 4 function, is
(A) (B) III R 4
9 9 Equal roots is p3, then the
1 1 value of [81p3], where []
(C) (D) denotes the greatest integer
84 72
function, is
IV Real roots is p4, then the S 5
42. The probability that Mr. A's number is larger than
Mr. B's number, is: value of [9p4], where []
37 39 denotes the greatest integer
(A) (B) function, is
56 56
I II III IV
31
(C) (D) none of these (A) S R Q P
56 (B) P Q R S
(C) Q S P R
Matrix Match Type Questions
(D) Q R P S
43. Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II
I If the integers m and n are P 1 45. Three players A, B and C alternatively throw a die
chosen at random between 1 in that order, the first player to throw a 6 being
7
and 100, then the probability deemed the winner. A's die is fair whereas B and
that a number of the form 7m C throw dice with probabilities p1 and p2
+ 7n is divisible by 5, is respectively, of throwing a 6.
II A second order determinant Q 1 List-I List-II
is written down at random 4 I P 6
1 1
using the numbers 1,−1 as If p1 = , p2 = and
elements. The probability 5 4
that the value of the probability that A win the
determinant is non-zero, is 1
game is , then λ1 is
III The probability of a number R 2 1
n showing in a throw of a 5 divisor of
die marked 1 to 6 is
II 1 1 Q 8
proportional to n. Then, the If p1 = , p2 = and
probability of the number 3 5 4
showing in a throw, is probability that C win the
IV A pair of dice is rolled S 1 1
together till a sum of either game is , then λ2 is
2 2
5 or 7 is obtained. Then, the
probability that 5 comes divisor of
before 7 , is III If P(A wins) = P (B wins) R 12
I II III IV 1
and = 3 , then λ3 is
(A) Q P R S p1
(B) Q S P R divisor of
(C) P S R Q IV If game is equiprobable to S 15
(D) S R P Q all the three players and
1
44. Two numbers a and b are chosen at random from = 4 , then λ4 is divisor
the set {1, 2, 3, 4, ….9} with replacement. The p2
probability that the equation of

x + 2 ( a − b ) x + b = 0 has
2 I II III IV
(A) P,R,S P,R,S S Q,R
List-I List-II (B) P,Q,R,S P,Q,R P,S,R Q
I Real and distinct roots is p1, P 2
(C) P,Q,R P,R,S S S
then the value of [9p1],
(D) Q,R R,S Q,R P,Q,R
where [] denotes the
greatest integer function
II Imaginary roots is p2, then Q 3
5
46. Match List-I with List-II I II III IV
List-I List-II (A) S R P Q
(B) R S Q P
I P ( A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4 P A prime
(C) P Q R R
number
and P ( AB ) = 0.5 and (D) Q P S R
1
P[ B /( A  B)] = 1, then Numerical Type Questions
1 48. A bag contains (n+1) coins. It is known that one
is of these coins shows heads on both sides, whereas
II The coefficient of a quadratic Q A
the other coins are fair. One coin is selected at
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a  composite
random and tossed. If the probability that the toss
b  c) are chosen from first number
three prime numbers, then the 7
result in heads is , then the value of n is
probability that roots of the 12
1 49. In a multiple choice question, there are five
equation are real is λ2, then
2 alternative answers of which one or more than one
is are correct. A candidate will get marks on the
III A fair coin is tossed repeatedly. R A natural question, if he ticks all the correct answers. If he
If tail appears on first four number decides to tick answers at random, then the least
tosses, then the probability of number of choices should he be allowed, so that
head appearing on the fifth toss
the probability of his getting marks on the
1
is λ3, then is question exceeds 1/8 is
3
IV Three persons A, B and C are S A perfect 50. There are n different objects 1,2,3,…, n
to speak at a function along square distributed at random in n places marked
with 6 other persons. number
If the persons speak in random 1,2,3,…,n. If p be the probability that atleast three
order, then the probability that of the objects occupy places corresponding to
A speaks before B and B speaks their number, then the value of 6p is
1
before C is λ4, then is
4 51. A special die is so constructed that the probabilities
I II III IV of throwing 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 are (1−k)/6, (1+2k)/6,
(A) R,Q R,Q R,P R,S (1−k)/6, (1+k)/6, (1−2k)/6 and (1+k)/6, respectively.
(B) R,P R,P R,S R,Q If two such dice are thrown and the probability of
(C) R,S R,S R,Q R,P getting a sum equal to 9 lies between 1/9 and 2/9,
(D) Q,R,S P,R P,R Q,R then if k  (a, b) then 6[a + b]

47. A is a set containing n elements, A subset P (may 52. 8 players P1, P2, P3, …, P8 play a knock out
be void also) is selected at random from set A and
tournament. It is known that all the players are of
set A is then reconstructed by replacing the
elements of P. A subset Q (may be void also) of A equal strength. The tournament is held in three
is again chosen at random. The probability that rounds where the players are paired at random in
List-I List-II each round. If it is given that P1 wins in the third
round. If p be the probability that P2 loses in the
I Number of elements in P P 2n
Cn second round, then the value of 7p is
is equal to the number of
elements in Q is 4n

( 22n −2n Cn )
II The number of elements in Q 53. A sum of money is rounded off to the nearest rupee,
2
P is more than that in Q is m
2 2n+1 if   be the probability that the round off error is
n
III P  Q =  is R n
3 atleast ten paise, where m and n are positive relative
4
  primes, then the value of (n− m) is
IV Q is a subset of P is S 2n
Cn
n −1
4

6
54. X and Y are two weak students in mathematics and where p and q are relatively prime positive
their chances of solving a problem correctly are integers. Find p + q
1/8 and 1/12 respectively. They are given a
question and they obtain the same answer. If the 56. If a, b, c,  N, the probability that a2 + b2 + c2 is
probability of common mistake is 1/1001, then m
divisible by 7 is where m, n are relatively
probability that the answer was correct is a/b (a n
and b are coprimes). Then |a−b|= prime natural numbers, then m + n is equal to

55. India and Australia play a series of 7 one-day 57. Seven digit numbers are formed using digits
matches. Each team has equal probability of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 without repetition. The
winning a match. No match ends in a draw. If the probability of selecting a number such that
probability that India wins atleast three product of any 5 consecutive digits is divisible by
consecutive matches can be expressed as p/q either 5 or 7 is P. Then 12P is equal to

7
 ANSWER KEY
1. (C) 30. (B)
2. (B) 31. (C)
3. (A) 32. (B)
4. (B) 33. (A)
5. (A) 34. (D)
6. (B) 35. (C)
7. (A) 36. (A)
8. (B) 37. (B)
9. (D) 38. (D)
10. (D) 39. (C)
11. (B) 40. (B)
12. (D) 41. (C)
13. (C) 42. (A)
14. (D) 43. (B)
15. (A) 44. (C)
16. (A, C) 45. (A)
17. (A, B, C) 46. (D)
18. (A, B, C, D) 47. (C)
19. (A, B, C) 48. (5.00)
20. (B, C) 49. (4.00)
21. (A, B) 50. (1.00)
22. (A, B, C) 51. (2.00s)
23. (B) 52. (2.00)
24. (A, B) 53. (1.00)
25. (A, B, C) 54. (1.00)
26. (A, B, C, D) 55. (175.00)
27. (A, B, C, D) 56. (8.00)
28. (C) 57. (7.00)
29. (D)

8
 Hints and Solution
1. (C) We see that x2 + y2 will be divisible by 10 if and
Required probability only if a12 + b12 is divisible by 10. Now, there are
5 5
1 1
 2   2  10 choice each for a1 and b1, so that there are 10
=     =
1
=
1
× 10 = 100 ways of choosing them.
  5− r  2  5 5 
2 10

(
r C5
 5C  1   1     Cr 
5
  r   2   2   Then pair (a1, b1) for which a12 + b12 is divisible
r =0    r =0 
 by 10 are following
2. (B) (0,0), (1,3), (1,7), (2,4), (2,6), (3,1), (3,9), (4,2),
When the two equal sides are 1 each, then third (4,8), (5,5), (6, 2), (6,8), (7,1), (7,9), (8,4), (8,6),
side could be only 1. (9,3), (9,7)
When the two equal sides are 2 each, then third 18 9
 Required probability = =
side can take values 1,2,3. 100 59
When two equal sides are 3 each, then third side
can take values 1,2,3,4,5. When the two equal 5. (A)
sides are 4 each, then third side can take values n(S)= The total number of ways of choosing the
1,2,3,4,5,6 same in the case when two equal sides tickets
are 5 and 6. = 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 256
 Total number of triangles =1+3+5+6+6+6=27 n(E) = The number of ways in which the sum can
1 be 23
Required probability =
27 = coefficient of x23 in (1 + x + x10 + x11)4
= coefficient of x23 in (1 + x4) + (x10 + x10)4
3. (A) = coefficient of x23 in (1 +4x4 + 6x2 +4x3+ x4
Required probability =
Area of strips region × (1 + 4x10 + 6x20)
Area of dotted region = 4 × 6 = 24
The probability of required event
n ( E ) 24 3
= = =
n ( S ) 256 32

6. (B)
The points are 2, 2, 2, 2, or 2, 2, 2, 1
 Required probability
= ( 0.5) +4 C1  ( 0.5)  (0.05)1 = 0.0875
4 3
2
1 1 1
 1 1 −    
2 4 2 8−
= = 7. (A)
1 1
2 16 − 
1 1 −     The probability of not drawing the ace in the first
4 2
draw, in the second draw and in the third draw are
12 11 10
4. (B) (here all spades i.e., 13 cards) , , ,
13 12 11
Let x and y are two non-negative integers are
respectively.
chosen such that x2 + y2 is divisible by 10. Probability of drawing ace of spades in the 4th
By the division algorithm, there exist integers x1, draw
y1, a1 and b1 such that x = 10x1+ a1 and y =10y1 + 1
= (only one ace and remaining cards = 10)
b1 with 0 ≤ a, b1 ≤ 9. Thus, we can write 10
(
x2 + y 2 = 100 x12 + y12 + ) 12 11 10 1 1
 Required probability =    =
13 12 11 10 13
(
20 ( a1x1 + b1 y1 ) + a12 + b12 )
9
8. (B) 14!
=14 P12 = = 7 13!
In the word MUMBAI, there are 5 adjacent pairs 2!
of letters of which only one gives Al. The girls can be seated together in the back seat
 Required probability leaving a corner set in 4 × 3! = 24 days and the
1 boys can be seated in the remaining 11 sets in
5 84 11! 1
= = 11
P9 = = 11!
1 1 1 1 1 403
+ + + + 2! 2
6 5 7 4 5  n(E) = Number of favourable ways
1
9. (D) 24  11! = 12!
2
n( E)
Let a, b, c and d are four different number out of
12! 1
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} The required probability = =
n ( S ) 7 13! 91
 (a, a, a, a) can appear in 6C1 = 6 ways
 (a, a, a, b) can appear in 2 × 6C2 = 30 ways
 (a, a, b, b) can appear in 6C2 = 15 ways 13. (C)
 (a, a, b, c) can appear in 3 × 6C3 = 60 ways f ( x) = 3 x + 4 1 − x [where x = P (A)]
 (a, b, c, d) can appear in 6C4 = 15 ways 9
f ( x)max = 5 at x =
 Required probability 25
60 + 15 75 25
= = =
6 + 30 + 15 + 60 + 15 126 42 14. (D)
( n − 1)!
3
Require probability = 
10. (D)
( 3n )!
n (S) = Total number of ways = nPn = n!
Considering digits 1, 2, 3, 4, …., k as one digit,
( n!)3
we have 15. (A)
(n − k + 1) digits which can be arranged = (n − k + 1)! Let f be function from {1, 2, …..,10} to itself total
 n (E) = Number of favourable ways = (n − k + 1)! functions possible is 1010. The number of one-
Hence, required probability one- onto functions possible is 10!.
n ( E ) ( n − k + 1)! Hence, the probability of selected function to the
= =
n(S )
10! 9!
n! one- one onto is = .
1010 109
11. (B)
16. (A, C)
n(S) = Total number of ways
10  9  8 We know that, P ( A  B )  P( A) + P( B) − 1 …(i)
= 10C3 = = 120
1 2  3  A  P( A  B)
P  = [ P( B)  0]
The product of two numbers is equal to third B P( B)
number, the favourable case are 2, 3, 6; 2, 4, 8; 1,
 A  P( A) + P( B) − 1
5, 10  P  
B P( B)
 n (E)= The number of favourable cases = 3
Option (a) is true.
n( E) 3 1
 Required probability = = =
n(S ) 120 40 P ( A  B ) = P( A) – P( A  B)
Option (b) is not true.
12. (D) P( A  B) = P( A) + P( B) – P( A  B)
If A and B are independent events, then
P( A  B) = P( A)  P( B).
n(S) = Number of total ways = Then, P( A  B) = P( A) + P( B) – P( A)  P( B)
= P( A) + P( B)[1- P( A)] + 1–1

10
 = 1 + P( B) P ( A ) - P ( A ) [ P ( A ) = 1 – P( A)] (d) required probability =
m!m!

m
(2m − 1)! 2m−1
= 1 + P ( A )[ P( B) –1] = 1– P ( A )  P ( B )
Cm

Option (c) is true. 20. (B, C)

If A and B are disjoint, then P ( A  B ) = 0. According to the equation

( ) ( )
Then, P ( A  B ) = 1 − P A P B does not hold (m + p + c) − mp − mc − pc + mpc =
3
4
….(i)

2
17. (A, B, C) mp(1 − c) + mc(1 − p) + pc(1 − m) =
5
P( A  B) = P( A) + P( B) − P( A  B)
2
P( A  B) = P( A) + P( B) − P( A  B) or mp + mc + pc − 3mpc = ….(ii)
5
0  P( A  B)  1 − 1  − P( A  B)  0 1
Also, mp + pc + mc − 2mpc = ….(iii)
P( A) + P(B) − 1  P( A) + P(B) − P( A  B)  P( A) + P(B) 2
1 2 1
mpc = − =
18. (A, B, C, D) 2 5 10
Let A, B and C be the event that the students is 2 3 7
 mp + mc + pc = + =
successful in tests, I, II and III, respectively. 5 10 10
P (the students is successful) 3 7 1 27
m+ p+c = + − =
= P ( A  B  C ') + P ( A  B ' C ) + P( A  B  C) 4 10 10 20
= P( A)  P( B)  P (C ') + P( A)  P ( B ')  P(C )
21. (A, B)
+ P( A)  P( B)  P(C )
A = The event of (x, y) belonging to the area
 A, B and C are independent events. OEBAO
 1 1 1 B = The event of (x, y) belonging to the area
= pq 1 −  + p(1 − q)   + pq
 2  2 2 ODBCO
1 1
= [ pq + p(1 − q) + pq] = p(1 + q)
2 2
1 1
 = p(1 + q)  p(1 + q) = 1
2 2
Which is satisfied for all pairs of values in (a), (b)
and (c). Also, it is satisfied for infinitely many
n
values as p and q. For instance, when p =
n +1 1
area of OEBAO 0 xdx 2
1
and q = , where n is any positive integer.  P( A) = = =
n area of OABCO 1 1 3
1
area of ODBCO 0 ydy 2
19. (A, B, C) and P( B) = = =
area of OABCO 1 1 3
The number of ways in which m boys and m girls
and
can take their seats around a circle is (2m − 1)! 1 1
(a) We make the girls sit first around the circle.
P( A  B ) =
area of ODBEO
=
0 xdx −  x 2 dx
0
=
1
This can be done in (m−1)! ways, after this boys area of OABCO 1 1 3
can take their seats in (m!) ways. P ( A  B) = 1
 Favourable number of ways = m! (m − 1)! So, A and B are exhaustive,
m!(m − 1)! m
Required probability = = 2m−1 2 2 1
P( A)  P( B) =   .
(2m − 1)! Cm 3 3 3
(b) Similarly as (a) And P ( A  B ) = 1, P ( A) + P ( B )  P ( A  B ) .
(b) similarly as (a)
So, A and s are not mutually exclusive
11
 Max. ( P ( A  B ) ) = P ( A) =
22. (A, B, C) 3
(A) Let A be the event of getting exactly 3 5
defectives in the examination of 8 record players
and B be the event 9th record player is defective ( P ( A  B )) = P ( A) + P ( B ) − 1 = 154
4
C3 11 C5 19
P ( A) = 15
P ( A  B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) − P ( A  B ) = − P ( A  B)
C8 15

P ( A  B ) = P ( A) − P ( A  B ) = − P ( A  B )
(B) Probability of 9th one examined is the last 3
5
4
C3 11 C5 1 8
defective = 15
 =  A  P ( A  B ) P(B) − P( A  B)
C8 7 195 P  = =
B P( B) P( B)
B 1
(C) P   = 28. (C)
 A 7
Roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are real and distinct, if
p2 > 4q.
23. (B)
Value of p Possible value of q
Let the probability that P1 will pair up with P2, P3
1 No value
and P4 be respectively 2k, 3k and 4k and 2k + 3k + 2 No value
1
4k = 1 or k = . 3 1, 2
9 4 1, 2, 3
Now, P2 will reach the next round if it is not 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
paired with P1. 6 1, 2, 3, ….8
2 7 7 1, 2, 3, …, 10
 Required probability = 1 − = 8 1, 2, 3, …., 10
9 9
9 1, 2, 3, …., 10
10 1, 2, 3, …., 10
24. (A, B)
The probability that both will be alive for 10  Number of favourable ways
= 2 + 3 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 59
years, hence
And total ways = 10 × 10 = 100
i.e., the prob. That the man and his wife Both be
59
alive 10 years hence 0.83 × 0.87 = 0.7221. Hence, the requri3d probability = = 0.59
100
The prob, that at least one of then will be alive is
1-P (That none of them remains alive 10 years) 29. (D)
Roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are equal p2 > 4q i.e., p2
25. (A, B, C) mut be even
2 1
We have P ( Ei ) =
Value of p Possible value of q
= or i = 1, 2, 3.
4 2 2 1
4 4
(1
)
Also for i  j, P Ei  E j = = P E j P ( Ei ) .
4
( ) 6 9
8 No value
Therefore, Ei and Ej are independent for i  j 10 No value
Also, P ( E1  E2  E3 ) =
1
 P ( E1 ) P ( E2 ) P ( E3 )  Number of favourable ways = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
4 And total ways = 10 × 10 = 100
 E1, E1, E3 are not independent 3
Hence, the required probability = = 0.03
100
26. (A, B, C, D)
Probability = 30. (B)
Roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are imaginary, if p2 < 4q
 1  1  1  1   1 
= 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 −  Hence, the required probability = 1 − (Probability
 2  4  6  8   2012 
that roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are real) = 1
1 3 5 7 2011 2012! − (0.59 − 0.03) = 1 − 0.062 = 0.38
=     = 2012
2 4 6 8 2012 2 (1006!)2
27. (A, B, C, D) 31. (C)
12
 The number of increasing functions = 6C3 = 20 Hence, the probability that X wins two match after
And the number of total function = 63 = 216 (n +1) the game.
20 5 Pn = P1 + P2 = na2bn−2 b + ( n − 1) c 
 Required probability = =
216 54
38. (D)
32. (B) Put n = 3 in solution of question 4 and interchange
The number of non- decreasing functions a and c, then required probability
= 6+3−1C3 =8 C3 = 56 = 3c2  b1(b + 2a) = 3bc2 (2a + b)
The number of total functions = 63 = 216
56 7 39. (C)
 Required probability = =
216 27 The probability that X wins the match
  
33. (A) =  Pn =  na2bn−1 +  n(n − 1)a2bn−2c
n=1 n=1 n=1
The number of onto functions such that f (i)  1 is
2  2 
a a c
 1 1 1 1 1 1
6!1 − + − + − +  = 265 =
b
 nbn + b2  n(n − 1)bn
 1! 2! 3! 4! 5! 6!  n=1 n=1
2
And number of total functions = 6! = 720 a b a c 2b2 2
265 53 =  + 
 Required probability = = b (1 − b)2 b2 (1 − b)3
720 144
[sum of infinite AGP]
a 2 (1 − b + 2c) a 2 (a + 3c)  a + b + c = 1
34. (D) = =  1 − b = a + c 
The number of cubes having atleast one side (1 − b)3 (a + c)3
painted is
9 + 9 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 1 = 26 and total cubes = 27 40. (B)
 Required probability, P1 =
26
 27 P1 = 26 Mr. A’s 3 digit number is always greater than
27 Mr. B’s 3 digit numbers then A should always
pick digit 9.
35. (C) 8
C 8 C 1
The number of cubes having two side painted is Probability = 8 3 9 2 =
C3  C3 3
4 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 12 and total cubes = 27
12
 Required probability, P2 =  27 P2 = 12 41. (C)
27
8
C3  1 1 1
Probability = = =
36. (A) 9
C3  C3 8 9
C3 84
Required probability,
26 1
P3 = 1 − p1 = 1 − =  27 P3 = 1 42. (A)
27 27 P(E) = A pick 9 or A does not pick 9 and his
number is greater than B
37. (B)
1 2 1  8C 1  37
X can win after the (n+1)th game in the following = +  1 − 8 3  8  =
two mutually exclusive ways.
3 3 2  C3 C3  56
(i) X win exactly one of the first n games drawn
(n − 1) games and wins the (n + 1)th games. 43. (B)
 Probability, P1 = ( n
Pab
1
n−1
) a = na b
2 n−1 (A) We know that 7λ, λ N has 1, 3, 7, 9 at the
unit’s place for λ = 4k, 4k −1, 4k − 2, 4k − 3
(ii) X losses exactly one of the first n games, win
exactly one of the first n games and drawn (n respectively
− 2) games and wins the (n + 1)th games. When k = 1, 2, 3
 Probability, Clearly, 7m + 7n will be divisible by 5, if 7m
P2 = ( n P2 (ac)bn−2 ) a = n(n −1)a2bn−2c has 3 or 7 in the unit’s place and 7n has 7 or 3
in the unit’s place or 7m has 1 or 9 in the

13
 unit’s placed and 7n has 9 or 1 in the unit’s The possible pair aress
place. b a Total pairs of a and b
1 1 3, 4, 5, ….9 7
 Required probability = 2 5, 6, …, 9 5
4
3 6, 7, 8, 9 4
(B) n(S) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
4 1, 7, 8, 9 4
[because each of the four place in the
5 1, 9 2
determinant can be filled in 2 ways]
6 1, 2 2
The zero determinants are 7 1, 2, 3 3
1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 8 1, 2, 3 3
, ,
1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 1 9 1, 2, 3, 4 4
1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 34
1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 n(S ) = 9  9 = 81 and n( E) = 34
34 34
Number of zero determinants = 8, number of non-  p1 =  9 p1 =
zero determinants 81 9
= 16 − 8 = 8 = n(E) [say]  34 
9 p1  =   = 3
n( E) 8 1 9
 Required probability = = =
n ( S ) 16 2 (B) For imaginary roots,
4 5
(C) P ( En )  n p2 = 1 − p4 = 1 − =
9 9
 P (En) = kn, where k is probability constant.  9 p2  = 5
Clearly,
(C) For equal roots, there are only 2 possible pairs
P ( E1 ) + P ( E2 ) + P ( E3 ) + P ( E4 ) + P ( E5 ) + P ( E6 ) = 1 are
1 b = 2, a = 4 and b = 8, a = 4
 k (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6) = 1  k =
21 n(S ) = 81, n( E) = 2
 Required probability 2
1 1  p3 =
= P ( E3 ) = 3k = 3  = 81
21 7  81 p3  = 2
(D) 5 can be thrown in 4 ways and 7 can be
(D) For real roots,
thrown in 6 ways in a single throw of two dice.
 34 2 
Number of ways of throwing neither 5 nor 7 p4 = ( p1 + p3 ) =  + 
=36 − (4 + 6) = 26  81 81 
Probability of throwing a sum of 5 in a throw 36 4
= =
4 1 81 9
= =
36 9  9 p4  = 4
and probability of throwing neither 5 nor
26 13
7= = 45. (A)
36 18 Let q1 = 1 − p1 and q2 = 1 − p2
∴ Required probability (A) A can win the game at the 1st, 4th, 7th, ….
1 trials.
2
1 13  1   13   1  2
= +   +     += 9 = 1 5 1 5
2
9 18  9   18   9  1−
13 5  P( A wins ) = + ( q1 )( q2 )   +  
18 6 6 6 6

( q1 )2 ( p2 )2 
1
+ .....
44. (C) 6
(A) a, b1,2,3,....,9
For real and distinct roots D > 0
i.e., 2(a − b)2 > 4b  (a − b)2 > 2b

14
 1 Thus, real roots are obtained by b = 5, a = 2, c = 3
6 1 1 1 And b = 5, a = 3, c = 2
= = = =
1 − q1q2 6 − 5q1q2 6 − 5  
5 4 3  1 i.e., two ways.
 
6  5  4  Total ways of choosing a, b, c = 3 × 2 × 1 = 6
[given] 2 1
 Required probability = = = 2
 λ1 = 3 6 3
2 1
5 5  =3
(B) P ( C wins ) =  q1  p2 +    q12  q2 p2 + 2
6 6
[prime number and natural number]
5 4 1
q1  p2 5  (C) Here, tossing of the coin is an independent
5q p 5 4 =1
= 6 = 1 2 =
event. Thus, the result of 5th trial is
1 − q1q2 6 − 5q1q2 6 − 5  
5 4 3 3
6 5 4 independent of outcome of previous trials.
1 1
=
1
[given]  3 =  = 2
2 2 3
 λ2 = 3 [prime number and natural number]
(C) P(A wins) = P (B wins) (D) Clearly, n(S) = 9P9 = 9!
1 5 p1 Now, 3 positions out of 9 positions can be
 = chosen in 9C3 ways and at these positions A,
6 − 5q1q2 6 − 5q1q2
B and C can speak in required order, further
1 1
 p1 = = [given] remaining 6 persons can speak in 6! ways.
5 3 9
C3  6!
3 = 5  Required probability =
9!
(D) P (A wins) = P (B wins) (C wins) 9!  6! 1
1 5 p1 5q1 p2 = = = 4 [given]
 = = 3!  6!  9! 6
6 − 5q1q2 6 − 5q1q2 6 − 5q1q2
1
1 = 5 p1 = 5q1 p2  =6
4
1 1  1 [a composite number, a natural number and a
 p1 = , = 5q1 = 5 1 −  = 4 =  4 [given]
5 p2  5 perfect number]
4 = 4
47. (C)
( C ) +( C ) +( C ) ( )
2 2 2 2
46. (D) I. n
0
n
1
n
2 + ..... nCn = 2n
Cn
(A)
4n − 2n
P ( A ) = 0.3  P( A) = 1 − P ( A ) = 0.7, P( B) = 0.4,
Cn
II. 2 n+1
2
 0.5 = 0.7 − P (AB) n
3
 P (AB) = 0.2 III.  
4
 B  P  B  ( A  B ) n
 P = 3
 ( A  B)  P( A  B) IV.  
4
P( A  B)
=
P( A) + P ( B ) − P ( AB ) 48. (5.00)
0.2 1 7 1 n 1
= = = 1 [given] = 1 + 
0.7 + 0.6 − 0.5 4 12 (n + 1) (n + 1) 2


1 7 (n + 2)
[composite number and natural number]  = n=5
1 6 (n + 1)
(B) First three prime number are 2, 3 and 5.
For roots to be real D ≥ 0
15
49. (4.00) 1 1 2
  2 − k − 3k 2  
The number of ways to answer a question = 25 − 1 9 18   9
= 31.  2  2 − k − 3k 2  4
i.e., In 31 ways only one correct
 2  2 − k − 3k 2 and 2 − k − 3k 2  4
Let number of choices = n
 1
Now, according to the question
n 1
  3k  k +   0 and 3k 2 + k + 2  0
31 8  3
31 1
 n   n  3.8  −  k  0 and k  R
8 3
 Least value of n = 4 1
−  k  0
3
50. (1.00) Hence, integral value of k is 0.
Let Ei denotes the event that the ith object goes to
the ith place. 52. (2.00)
We have Let A be the event of P1 winning in third round
(n − 3)!
( )
and B be the event of P2 winning in first round but
P Ei  E j  Ek = for i  j  k
n! loosing in second round We have,
Since, we can choose 3 places out of n is nC3 1 1
P( A) = 8 =
ways, the probability of the required event is C1 8
(n − 3)! n! (n − 3)! 1 P (B A) = Probability of both P1 and P2 winning
p =n C3  =  =
n! 3!(n − 3)! n! 6 in first round × Probability of P1 winning and P2
 6p = 1 loosing in second round × Probability of P1
winning in third round.
8−2
51. (2.00) C4−2 4−2 C2−1 2−1 C1−1
Let E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 and E6 be the events of = 8
 4  2
C4 C2 C1
occurrence of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on the dice
6
C2 2 C1 1C0 1
respectively and let E be the event of getting a = 8
  =
sum of numbers equal to 9. C4 4 C2 2 C1 28
1− k 1 + 2k 1− k
 P ( E1 ) = ; P ( E2 ) = ; P ( E3 ) = ; 1
6 6 6  B  P( B  A) 28 2
Hence, P   = = = =p
1+ k 1 − 2k 1+ k  A P( A) 1 7
P ( E4 ) = ; P ( E5 ) = ; P ( E6 ) =
6 6 6 8
1 2 7p=2
and  P( E ) 
9 9
Then, 53. (1.00)
E  {(3,6),(6,3),(4,5),(5,4)} The sample space is
Hence, S = {−0.50, − 0.49, − 0.48, …., − 0.01, 0.00, 0.01,….
P(E) = P ( E3 E6 ) + P ( E6 E3 ) + P ( E4 E5 ) + P ( E5 E4 ) 0.49}
Let E be the event that the round off error is atleast
= P ( E3 ) P ( E6 ) + P ( E6 ) P ( E3 ) + P ( E4 ) P ( E5 ) + P ( E5 ) P ( E4 )
10 paise, then E' is the event that the round off error
= 2P ( E3 ) P ( E6 ) + 2P ( E4 ) P ( E5 ) is at most a paise.
[Since E1, E2, E3, E4, E4, and E6 are independent]
 1 − k  1 + k   1 + k  1 − 2k   E ' = −0.09, −0.08,, −0.01,0.00,0.01,,0.09
= 2   + 2  
 6  6   6  6 
1  n(E ') = 19 and n(S) = 100
= 2 − k − 3k 2 
18   n ( E ') 19
 P ( E ') = =
1 2 n(S ) 100
Since,  P( E ) 
9 9
16
  Required probability, 55. (175.00)

P( E ) = 1 − P ( E ') = 1 −
19 2.23 + 3.22 + 2.22 + 2.2 + 2.2 + 1 + 2
100 128
2
81  m 
= =
100  n  56. (8.00)
a2 + b2 + c2 will leave remainder zero if a2, b2 and
 m = 9 and n = 10
n−m=1 c2 all leave remainder zero as leave reminder 1, 2
or 4.
54. (1.00)  total cases = 73
E1 → be the event of both getting the correct Favourable case = 1 + 23 × 6
answer = 49
E2 → both getting wrong answer
57. (7.00)
E → both obtaining same answer
Total ways = 9C7 × 7!
11 1  1  1  77
P ( E1 ) = = , P ( E2 ) = 1 − 1 −  = Favourable ways
8 12 96  8  12  96
E  E 1
9 C7  7! − ( 7 C3  3!)  ( 6 C4  4!)
P   = 1; P   =
 E1   E2  1001
P( E ) = 1 −
( 7
C3  3!)  ( 6 C4  4!) 15 7
=1− =
1
1 9
C7  7! 36 12
 
E 96 13
P 1  = =
 E  1  1 + 1  77 14
96 1001 96

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