LS3 - Statistics and Probability

Grade 11
(Module 3)

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS

Lesson 1 – Definition of the sampling distribution of sample means.

Lesson 2 – Solving problems involving sampling distribution of the sample

means.

Objectives:
♦ Define the sampling distribution of the sample means.
♦ Construct a sampling distribution of sample means.
♦ Solve problems involving sampling distributions of the sample
mean.

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Let’s See What You Already Know

Try to answer the following exercises.

A. Identify what information can be derived from the given situations.

1. The average IQ score is 100 with a standard deviation of 15 and

100 students were randomly selected to find out their IQ score.
2. A population consists of 6, 8, 4, 5, and 10. A sample of three is
drawn and found that the variance is 6.
3. The mean weight of grade 2 students in Calauag Elementary
School is 30 kilograms while the mean weight of 50 randomly
selected students is 30 kilograms with standard deviation of 1.7
kilograms.
4. Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10.
Samples of size 3 are drawn from this population.
5. Given the population mean of 15, and a sample standard
deviation of 3 in a sample size of 150.

Lesson 1

Defining Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

In the previous module, you learned how to solve the means and
variances of the sampling distribution, as well as the parameters
and statistics.

This lesson presents the definition of the sampling distribution

of the sample mean for a normal population. This lesson will also
teach you how to create a sampling distribution. You should be
able to define the sampling distribution of the sample means and
create a sampling distribution after completing this lesson.

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Let’s Remember
A sampling distribution of sample means is a frequency
distribution using the means computed from all possible random
samples of a specific size taken from a population. The means of
the samples are less than or greater than the mean of the
population while the sampling error is the difference between the
sample mean and the population.

Now, how do you construct a Sampling Distribution of the

Sample Means?

To construct a sampling distribution of sample means, you

must follow a certain step. Here are the steps in constructing the
sampling distributions of the sample means:

Step 1. Determine the number of sets of all possible random

samples that can be drawn from the given population
𝑁!
by using the formula, NCn= where N is the
𝑛!(𝑁−𝑛)!
population size and n is the sample size.

Step 2. List all possible samples and compute the mean of

each sample.

Step 3. Construct the sampling distribution.

Let’s Study and Analyze

A population consists of all the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, and

5. List all the possible sample sizes of 3 from this population
without replacement and compute the sample mean. Construct
a sampling distribution.

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 For you to construct a sampling distribution, just follow the
steps provided above.

Step 1. Determine the number of sets of all possible

random samples that can be drawn from the
given population by using the formula, NCn=
𝑁!
where N is the population size and n is
𝑛!(𝑁−𝑛)!
the sample size. (This is only applicable for no
replacement.)

𝑁!
Using the formula NCn= , let us obtain for the possible
𝑛!(𝑁−𝑛)!
sample of size 3. We have,

𝑁!
NCn= N = 5; n=3
𝑛!(𝑁−𝑛)!

There are 10 possible samples of size 3 that can be drawn

without replacement from the given data.

5! (5 )(4 )(3 ) ! (5 ) (4) 20

NCn= = = = = 10
3!(5−3)! 3 !2! (2)(1) 2

Step 2. List all possible samples and compute the mean of

each sample.

Given: 2, 4, 9, 10, and 5 NCn = 10

Since we are being ask for a sample size of 3 that can be

drawn from the given data, we’ll have,

Sample 2, 4, 9 2, 4, 10 2, 4, 5 2, 9, 10 2, 9, 5 2, 10, 5 4, 9, 10 4, 9, 5 4, 10, 5 9, 10, 5

Mean 5 5.33 3.67 7 5.33 5.67 7.67 6 6.33 8

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Solve for the mean, we obtain,
2 + 4+ 9 2 + 4+ 10 2 + 4+ 5
X̅ = =𝟓 X̅ = = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑 X̅ = = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟕
3 3 3
2 + 9+ 10 2 + 9+ 5 2 + 10 + 5
X̅ = =7 X̅ = = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑 X̅ = = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟕
3 3 3
4 + 9 + 10 4 +9+ 5 4 + 10 + 5
X̅ = = 𝟕. 𝟔𝟕 X̅ = =𝟔 X̅ = = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟑
3 3 3
9 + 10 + 5
X̅ = =𝟖
3

Step 3. Construct the sampling distribution.

Using the table, we obtained in Step 2, you can now

construct a sampling distribution.

First, summarize the obtained means in the first column

of the sampling distribution.
Note: You can only put the value once.
Sample Mean Frequency Probability
Sample Mean (x)
2, 4, 9 5 3.67
2, 4, 10 5.33 5
2, 4, 5 3.67 5.33
2, 9, 10 7 5.67
2, 9, 5 5.33 6
2, 10, 5 5.67 6.33
4, 9, 10 7.67 7
4, 9, 5 6 7.67
4, 10, 5 6.33 8
9, 10, 5 8 TOTAL

Second, tally the means. Input the data in the second

column of the table.

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 Sample Mean
Sample Mean Frequency Probability
2, 4, 9 5 (x)
2, 4, 10 5.33 3.67 1
2, 4, 5 3.67 5 1
2, 9, 10 7 5.33 2
2, 9, 5 5.33 5.67 1
2, 10, 5 5.67
6 1
4, 9, 10 7.67
6.33 1
4, 9, 5 6
7 1
4, 10, 5 6.33
7.67 1
9, 10, 5 8
8 1
TOTAL 10

Lastly to complete the table, solve for the probability of each means.
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
To solve for the probability,
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠

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 Example computation for the first sample (3.67):
1
P (3.67) = = 0.10
10

Sample Mean Sample Mean Frequency Probability

2, 4, 9 5 (x) P (x)
2, 4, 10 5.33 3.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
2, 4, 5 3.67 5 1 1/10 = 0.10
2, 9, 10 7 5.33 2 2/10 = 0.20
2, 9, 5 5.33 5.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
2, 10, 5 5.67 6 1 1/10 = 0.10
4, 9, 10 7.67 6.33 1 1/10 = 0.10
4, 9, 5 6 7 1 1/10 = 0.10
4, 10, 5 6.33 7.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
9, 10, 5 8 8 1 1/10 = 0.10
TOTAL 10 1.00

Let’s Try This

A. Perform what is being asked.

Consider the population consisting of the values (1, 3, 8, 9, 7).

1. List all the possible sample size of size 3 from this population
without replacement.
2. Compute for the mean of each sample.
3. Identify the probability of each sample.
4. Construct as sampling distribution of sample means.

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 Let’s Do This

Direction: Perform what is being asked.

Consider the population consisting of the values (2, 5, 7, 8).

1. List all the possible sample of size of size 2 from this
population without replacement.
2. Compute for the mean of each sample.
3. Identify the probability of each sample.
4. Construct a sampling distribution of sample means.

Lesson 2

Solving Problems Involving Sampling Distributions

of the Sample Mean

In the previous modules, you have learned how to use the

normal distribution in calculating the probability of a random
variable x at a given value. In this module, you will use the
sampling distribution of the mean to get the probability of the
given sample mean taken from the population.

As mentioned from the previous modules, sampling

distribution of sample mean is a frequency distribution of the
mean computed from all possible random samples of a specific
size taken from a population. The probability distribution of the
sample size mean is also called the sampling distribution of the
sample mean.
In this lesson, you will learn how to solve problems
involving sampling distributions of the sample mean.

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Below is the step-by-step process in solving worded problems:

Step 1. Identify the given information.

Step 2. Identify what is asked for.
Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.
Step 4. Compute for the probability.
Step 5. State your conclusion.

Example 1. The mean time it takes a group of ALS senior high

students to complete a certain examination is 50.6 minutes with
standard deviation of 6 minutes. Assume that the variable is
normally distributed.

a. What is the probability that a randomly selected ALS senior high

school student will complete the examination in less than 48
minutes?

b. If 49 randomly selected ALS senior high school students take the

examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes
the group to complete the test will be less than 48 minutes?

c. If 49 randomly selected ALS senior high school students take the

examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes the
group to complete the test will be more than 51 minutes?

SOLUTION:
a. What is the probability that a randomly selected senior high school
student will complete the examination in less than 48 minutes?

Following the step-by-step process in solving worded problem, we

have,

Step 1: Identify the given information:

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 µ= 50.6 σ = 6 X = 48

Step 2: Identify what is asked for:

The probability that a randomly selected senior high school

student will complete in less than 48 minutes. In Symbol, that is,
P(X<48)

Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.

Since, the given information based on the Step 1 are mean µ,

standard deviation σ and random value X, we will use the second
formula in converting a random value to z-score presented in the
previous lesson in this module.

The problem is dealing with an individual data obtained from the

𝑋−µ
population so the formula to be use is 𝑧 = to convert 48 to
𝜎
standard score.

Step 4. Compute for the probability.

Compute for the probability by converting the random value to z-

𝑋−µ
score using the formula 𝑧 = . That is, we substitute the given
𝜎
48−50.6
values to the formula. Substituting we obtained, 𝑧 = = -0.43.
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• To obtain for the probability, Find P(X < 48) by getting the
area under the normal curve.

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 • Using the z-distribution table, let us find the area under
the normal curve of P( Z < -0.43)

P(X<48) = P(z<-0.43)
= (0.5 - 0.1664)

P(z < -0.43) = 0.3336

Step 5. State your conclusion.

Therefore, the probability that a randomly selected senior

high school student will complete the examination in less
than 48 minutes is 0.3336 or 33.36%

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b. If 49 randomly selected senior high school students take the
examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes the
group to complete the test will be less than 48 minutes?

SOLUTION:
Step 1. Identify the given information:
µ= 50.6
σ= 6
X̅= 48
n= 49

Step 2. Identify what is asked.

P(X̅<48)

Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.

The problem is dealing with data about the sample
mean or n observations, so the formula to be used
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
to standardize 48 is 𝑧 = 𝜎 .
√𝑛

Step 4. Compute for the probability.

𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛

48−50.6
𝑧= 6 = -3.03
√49

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Find P(X̅ < 48) by getting the area under the normal curve.

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 P(X̅ < 48) = P(z< -3.03)

P(z< -3.03) = 0.5 – 0.4988

P(z< -3.03) = 0.0012

Therefore, the probability that 49 randomly selected senior high

school students will complete the test in less than 48 minutes is
0.0012 or 0.12%.

c. If 49 randomly selected senior high school students take the

examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes
the group to complete the test will be more than 51 minutes?

SOLUTION:

Again, following the step-by-step process in solving worded problems,

we have.

Step 1. Identify the given information.

µ= 50.6
σ= 6
X̅= 51
n= 49

Step 2. Identify what is asked.

P(X̅ > 51)

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Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.

The problem is dealing with data about the sample mean or n

observations, so the formula to be used to standardized 51 is
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑧= 𝜎 .
√𝑛

Step 4. Compute for the probability.

𝑥̅ −𝜇
Using the formula 𝑧= 𝜎 we had in Step 3, we compute for
√𝑛
the standardized value of 51.

We have,

𝑥̅ − 𝜇 51−50.6
𝑧= 𝜎 = 6 = 0.47
√𝑛 √49

Next is to find P(X̅ > 51) by getting the area under the normal
curve. That is, P(X̅ > 51) = P(z > 0.47)

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 P(X̅ > 51) = P(z > 0.47)
=0.5 - P(z < 0.47)
=0.5 – 0.1808
P(z > 0.47) = 0.3192

Step 5. State your conclusion.

Therefore, the probability that 49 randomly selected

senior high school students will complete the test in more
than 51 minutes is 0.3192 or 31.92%.

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Let’s Try This

Solve the following.

The scores of Grade 11 students of Naga City School of Arts and

Trades in an achievement test in mathematics are normally
distributed with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 12.
Suppose that a random sample size of n = 20 is taken from this
group of students.

a. Find the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling

distribution of the sample mean.
b. Find the probability that the mean score of the students in the
sample is at least 85.

Let’s Remember
❖ Sampling distribution of sample mean is a frequency
distribution of the mean computed from all possible random
samples of a specific size taken from a population. The
probability distribution of the sample size mean is also called
the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
❖ To easily solve a worded problem, you must follow these steps:
▪ Step 1. Identify the given information.
▪ Step 2. Identify what is asked for.
▪ Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.
▪ Step 4. Compute for the probability.
▪ Step 5. State your conclusion.

Let’s Sum Up

Let us summarize what you have learned in this module.

• A sampling distribution of sample means is a frequency

distribution using the means computed from all possible
17
 random samples of a specific size taken from a population.
The means of the samples are less than or greater than the
mean of the population.
• A sampling error is the difference between the sample mean
and the population.
• Steps in constructing the sampling distributions of the
sample means:
Step 1. Determine the number of sets of all possible
random samples that can be drawn from the
given population by using the formula,
𝑁!
NCn= where N is the population size and n is the
𝑛!(𝑁−𝑛)!
sample size.
Step 2. List all possible samples and compute the mean
of each sample.
Step 3. Construct the sampling distribution.

• The step-by-step process in solving worded problems:

Step 1. Identify the given information.
Step 2. Identify what is asked for.
Step 3. Identify the formula to be used.
Step 4. Compute for the probability.
Step 5. State your conclusion.

18
Answer Key
Lesson 1
Let’s See What You Already Know
1. µ=100; σ = 15; n = 100;
2. x1 = 6; x2 = 8; x3 = 4; x4 = 5; x5 = 10; n = 3; s2 = 6;
3. µ = 30; n = 50; x̅ = 30; s = 1.7;
4. x1 = 1; x2 = 2; x3 = 3; x4 = 4; x5 = 5; x6 = 8; x7 = 9; x8 = 10; N =
8; n= 3;
5. µ = 15; s2 = 150;

Let’s Try This

Let’s Do This
Sample Frequency Probability
Sample Mean
(2, 5) 3.5 1 1/6 = 0.17
(2, 7) 4.5 1 1/6 = 0.17
(2, 8) 5 1 1/6 = 0.17
(5, 7) 6 1 1/6 = 0.17
(5, 8) 6.5 1 1/6 = 0.17
(7, 8) 7.5 1 1/6 = 0.17
TOTAL 6 1.00

Lesson 2
Let’s Try This

Solution:
a. µ𝑥 ̅ = µ = 80;
𝜎 12
𝜎𝑥 ̅ = = = 2.68
√𝑛 √20

b. i. if X̅ = 85, then
19
 𝑥̅−𝜇 85−80 5
𝑧= = = = 1.87
𝜎 2.68 2.68

Thus, we have

P(X̅ ≥ 85) = P(Z ≥ 1.87)

= 1 – P(Z < 1.87)
= 1 – 0.9693
= 0.0307
This means that about 3 percent of all samples of size 20 will give
a mean higher than or equal to 85.

References:

Youtube.com. 2021. DEFINING SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEAN FOR NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
|| PROB & STAT Q3. [online] Available at:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1I2C0HW7qg&list=WL&index=18&t=321s> [Accessed 22
September 2022].

Youtube.com. 2021. Solving Problems Involving Sampling Distribution of the Sample. [online] Available at:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YhP7tysziE&t=16s> [Accessed 22 September 2022].

Youtube.com. 2021. SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE MEANS || GRADE 11 STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY Q3. [online] Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXkALYAH54Y> [Accessed
22 September 2022].

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