APPSC GROUP 1 MAINS

2025

TEST -12
MODEL ANSWERS

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Q1. Analyze the impact of India's advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) on
various sectors such as healthcare and agriculture, considering the government's
$1.25 billion 'IndiaAI Mission'.

Introduction:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology capable of

reshaping key sectors of the Indian economy. Recognizing its potential, the Union
Government launched the 'IndiaAI Mission' in Budget 2024–25, with a significant
outlay of $1.25 billion (₹10,372 crore). This mission aims to strengthen India's AI
innovation ecosystem, ensuring that AI solutions address national priorities such as
healthcare, agriculture, governance, and education.

Body:

1. Overview of the IndiaAI Mission:

• Launched under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

(MeitY), the IndiaAI Mission includes:
o IndiaAI Compute Capacity: Building a scalable AI infrastructure with
over 10,000 GPUs.
o IndiaAI Innovation Centre: Supporting foundation models and large
language models (LLMs).
o IndiaAI Datasets Platform: Access to anonymized, quality datasets for
model training.
o IndiaAI Startup Financing: Accelerating indigenous startups through
fiscal and infrastructural support.
o IndiaAI FutureSkills: Upskilling one million professionals in AI and
emerging technologies.

2. Impact on Healthcare Sector:

• Diagnostics and Early Detection: AI-powered platforms like Niramai (breast

cancer detection) and Qure.ai (radiology analysis) are revolutionizing early-
stage disease detection.
• Telemedicine and Health Monitoring: AI chatbots and predictive analytics are
being used in remote rural areas to facilitate preliminary diagnosis and
treatment.
• Public Health Surveillance: During the COVID-19 pandemic, AI was used to
predict outbreak hotspots and manage resource distribution.

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 • Government Initiative: The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission is being
integrated with AI to create longitudinal health records and optimize
treatment plans.

3. Impact on Agriculture Sector:

• Precision Farming: AI-based applications such as Kisan AI and Microsoft’s AI

Sowing App help in weather-based advisory, optimal sowing periods, and real-
time crop monitoring.
• Pest and Disease Management: AI-driven image recognition tools detect pest
infestations and suggest timely remedies.
• Market Linkages: AI helps in price forecasting and reducing supply chain
inefficiencies, thus aiding farmers in better decision-making.
• Government Support: Under the Digital Agriculture Mission (2021–2025), AI
and ML are being leveraged for smart planning, land records digitization, and
yield forecasting.

4. Other Cross-Sectoral Impacts:

• Education: AI is being used for personalized learning platforms and regional

language content creation through NLP tools.
• Urban Governance: Smart city projects incorporate AI for traffic management,
waste collection optimization, and pollution control.
• Judiciary and Governance: Supreme Court’s SUPACE (AI-based decision
support system) aids in faster legal research and judgment drafting.

Conclusion:

India’s focused approach through the IndiaAI Mission signifies a strategic move
toward becoming a global leader in responsible and inclusive AI development. While
AI's impact on healthcare and agriculture is already evident, continued investment,
ethical governance, and capacity building are essential to scale these solutions
nationwide. As India advances on its path to becoming a digital and knowledge
economy, AI is poised to play a catalytic role in achieving inclusive and sustainable
development.

Q2. Examine the challenges and opportunities in integrating emerging technologies

like AI and Machine Learning into India's traditional industries.

Introduction:

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Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are
transforming the global industrial landscape. In India, integrating these technologies
into traditional industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, textiles, mining, and
MSMEs offers immense potential for productivity, innovation, and competitiveness.
However, this transformation also brings significant challenges in terms of
infrastructure, skill readiness, and policy frameworks.

Body:

Opportunities in Integrating AI and ML:

1. Productivity and Process Optimization:

o AI-enabled predictive maintenance in manufacturing reduces
downtime and operational costs.
o ML algorithms can optimize inventory management and supply chains
in textile and retail industries.
2. Data-Driven Decision Making:
o Traditional industries can leverage AI for demand forecasting, resource
allocation, and quality control.
o Example: In the dairy sector, AI is used for cattle health monitoring and
milk yield prediction.
3. Skilling and Employment Enhancement:
o Emerging technologies create new job roles in data analytics, machine
operations, and robotics.
o Initiatives like IndiaAI FutureSkills aim to train one million professionals
in AI.
4. Enhancing Global Competitiveness:
o AI integration helps Indian industries adopt Industry 4.0 standards and
become part of global value chains.
o Example: Tata Steel’s AI integration in mining operations has improved
output quality and reduced environmental impact.
5. Policy Support and Government Initiatives:
o IndiaAI Mission (2024), National Strategy on AI (2018), and the PLI
schemes incentivize the adoption of digital technologies in core
sectors.

Challenges in Integration:

1. Digital Infrastructure Gaps:

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 o Many traditional sectors, especially MSMEs and rural industries, lack
access to high-speed internet and computing infrastructure.
o Low cloud adoption hinders real-time data processing and AI
implementation.
2. Workforce Skill Deficit:
o A significant portion of the workforce is unskilled or semi-skilled in
digital tools.
o Resistance to change due to fear of job loss adds to the inertia.
3. Cost and ROI Concerns:
o High upfront costs of AI solutions deter small and medium enterprises.
o Uncertainty around return on investment (ROI) delays technology
adoption.
4. Data Privacy and Security Issues:
o In sectors like banking and health, large-scale AI deployment raises
concerns over data misuse and breaches.
o Lack of awareness about Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
complicates compliance.
5. Fragmented and Unorganized Sectors:
o Sectors like handloom, fisheries, and traditional crafts are informal,
making standardized AI deployment difficult.
o Absence of digital records and reliable data inhibits ML training models.

Conclusion:

Integrating AI and ML into India’s traditional industries presents a transformational

opportunity to leapfrog development and enhance competitiveness. However, to
ensure inclusive growth, a phased and sector-specific strategy is required—backed
by digital infrastructure, capacity building, data governance, and fiscal incentives. By
addressing the structural and systemic challenges, India can unlock the full potential
of emerging technologies to rejuvenate its traditional economic backbone.

Q3. Discuss the role of e-governance initiatives in improving public service delivery
in India.

Introduction:

E-governance refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT)

to deliver government services efficiently, transparently, and inclusively. In India, e-

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governance has evolved from computerization of departments to integrated
platforms under the Digital India Mission (launched in 2015). It now plays a pivotal
role in ensuring last-mile delivery of public services and improving the citizen-
government interface.

Body:

1. Evolution and Framework of E-Governance in India:

• National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), 2006: Created a foundation with Mission

Mode Projects (MMPs) like Passport Seva, MCA21, and Income Tax e-filing.
• Digital India Programme (2015 onwards): Strengthened the vision of
transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge
economy.
• India Stack and JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile): Enabled paperless,
presence-less, and cashless service delivery.

2. Role in Improving Public Service Delivery:

A. Transparency and Accountability:

• RTI Online Portal, CPGRAMS (Public Grievance Portal), and e-Courts enhance
transparency.
• Online dashboards track scheme performance (e.g., PMAY-Urban MIS, PM-
KISAN portal).

B. Efficient and Timely Service Delivery:

• DigiLocker allows secure access to digital documents.

• UMANG app aggregates 1200+ services from Central and State departments.
• Passport Seva Kendra reduced processing time through automation.

C. Financial Inclusion and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT):

• Aadhaar-enabled DBT for subsidies under LPG (PAHAL), MNREGA, PM-KISAN

ensures leakage-free transfers.
• According to Economic Survey 2022–23, DBT led to savings of ₹2.2 lakh crore
since its inception.

D. Rural Outreach and Inclusivity:

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 • Common Services Centres (CSCs) provide digital access to rural areas for
services like banking, health, and e-learning.
• e-Panchayat empowers local governance through digital planning and service
monitoring.

E. Disaster Management and Emergency Response:

• CoWIN platform was globally recognized during the COVID-19 pandemic for
efficient vaccination registration and certification.
• Arogya Setu app used AI for health risk mapping and alerts.

F. Sectoral Case Studies:

• Education: DIKSHA and SWAYAM platforms for digital learning and teacher
training.
• Agriculture: e-NAM for online agri-market access, Kisan Sarathi for advisory
services.
• Urban Services: Smart city command centres manage traffic, water, waste
through real-time data analytics.

3. Challenges in E-Governance:

• Digital Divide: Poor internet penetration in tribal and remote regions.

• Cybersecurity threats: Increased cases of phishing, data breaches.
• Low digital literacy: Many citizens are unaware of digital service benefits.
• Language barrier: Need for local language integration in portals.

Conclusion:

E-governance has become the backbone of citizen-centric governance in India. While

significant strides have been made in digital service delivery, there is a need to focus
on bridging the digital divide, enhancing cybersecurity, and localizing services for
greater inclusion. With sustained reforms under Digital India 2.0, e-governance can
truly transform public service delivery into a model of efficiency, equity, and
empowerment.

Q4. Evaluate the significance of the successful docking of two satellites by ISRO in
advancing India's space capabilities.

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Introduction:

On January 16, 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) achieved a
significant milestone by successfully docking two indigenous satellites in orbit under
its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission. This accomplishment positions India
as the fourth nation globally—after the United States, Russia, and China—to master
autonomous satellite docking technology, marking a pivotal advancement in the
country's space exploration capabilities.

Body:

1. Overview of the SpaDeX Mission:

• Objective: To demonstrate autonomous rendezvous and docking (RVD)

capabilities between two spacecraft.
• Satellites Involved: Two 220 kg satellites—SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02
(Target)—were launched into low Earth orbit on December 30, 2024, aboard
the PSLV-C60 rocket.
• Key Achievements:
o Successful docking on January 16, 2025.
o Post-docking control of the combined spacecraft as a single entity.
o Successful undocking on March 13, 2025, with both satellites resuming
independent operations.

2. Significance of the Achievement:

A. Advancement in Space Operations:

• Satellite Servicing: The ability to dock satellites paves the way for in-orbit
repairs, refueling, and upgrades, extending the operational life of spacecraft.
• Space Station Development: Mastery of docking technology is crucial for
assembling and maintaining space stations, aligning with India's plans to
establish its own space station by 2035.
• Human Spaceflight: Autonomous docking is a foundational technology for
future crewed missions, including the Gaganyaan project and potential lunar
expeditions.

B. Strategic and Economic Implications:

• Global Standing: This achievement enhances India's reputation as a leading

spacefaring nation, capable of complex space maneuvers.

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 • Commercial Opportunities: Proficiency in docking technology opens avenues
in the $400 billion global space economy, particularly in satellite servicing and
space logistics.

C. Technological Innovations:

• Autonomous Systems: The mission validated advanced guidance, navigation,

and control systems essential for precise docking operations.
• Power Transfer Capabilities: Although initial power transfer between docked
satellites faced challenges, subsequent experiments are planned to refine this
capability.

Conclusion:

ISRO's successful execution of the SpaDeX mission marks a transformative step in

India's space endeavors. By mastering autonomous satellite docking, India not only
enhances its technological prowess but also lays the groundwork for ambitious
projects like space station development and deep-space exploration. Continued
advancements in this domain will be instrumental in realizing India's vision of
becoming a key player in the global space arena.

Q5. Assess the growth and challenges of the IT industry in Andhra Pradesh,
considering recent policy measures and investments

Introduction:

Andhra Pradesh has emerged as a significant player in India's IT landscape, attracting

substantial investments and fostering innovation. The state's proactive approach is
evident in its IT policies and infrastructure developments, positioning it as a
competitive destination for IT enterprises.

Body:

1. Policy Framework and Strategic Initiatives:

• IT Policy 2021–2024: This policy aimed to establish Andhra Pradesh as a

prominent IT hub by offering incentives such as capital subsidies, rental
assistance, and power incentives to attract IT investors. Additionally, the
establishment of the Ratan Tata Innovation Hub underscored the
government's commitment to fostering an innovation-driven economy.
• IT & GCC Policy (4.0) 2024–2029: Building upon the previous policy, this
roadmap emphasizes talent development, innovation, infrastructure, and
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 investor-friendly policies. It aims to transform the state into a global IT hub by

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 leveraging human capital, fostering global partnerships, and embracing new
work paradigms.
• Innovation & Startup Policy (4.0) 2024–2029: Recognizing the evolving needs
of entrepreneurs, this policy focuses on creating a conducive environment for
startups by addressing challenges and seizing opportunities arising from
technological advancements and market dynamics.

2. Growth and Investment Trends:

• Investment Influx: Since June 2019, Andhra Pradesh has attracted 65 IT

companies, resulting in investments exceeding ₹28,867 crore and the creation
of over 1.14 lakh jobs.
• Infrastructure Development: The state has focused on enhancing
infrastructure to support IT growth, including the development of IT parks and
hubs in cities like Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada.
• Quantum Valley Initiative: As part of India's National Quantum Mission,
Andhra Pradesh plans to establish a Quantum Valley in Amaravati, aiming to
advance research in quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and
cybersecurity. Collaborations with institutions like IIT Madras, TCS, and IBM
are expected to attract top researchers and global investments.

3. Challenges Faced:

• Execution and Regulatory Clarity: Despite the strengths of the IT & GCC Policy
(4.0), challenges in execution and regulatory clarity remain areas of concern.
• Global Competitiveness: While the policy offers incentives, the state's
competitiveness on a global scale depends on continuous improvements in
infrastructure and talent development.
• Infrastructure Gaps: Despite advancements, certain regions still face
challenges related to connectivity and infrastructure, which can impact the
ease of doing business.

Conclusion:

Andhra Pradesh's IT industry has witnessed significant growth, driven by strategic

policies and substantial investments. While challenges persist, the state's
commitment to innovation, infrastructure development, and global partnerships
positions it favorably for sustained growth in the IT sector. Continued focus on
execution, regulatory clarity, and infrastructure enhancement will be crucial in
realizing the full potential of the state's IT industry

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Q6. Assess the effectiveness of India's national policies in promoting science,
technology, and innovation, with a focus on recent initiatives.

Introduction:

India's commitment to advancing science, technology, and innovation (STI) is evident

through its evolving policy frameworks. The Science, Technology, and Innovation
Policy (STIP) 2020, India's fifth such policy, aims to foster a robust STI ecosystem by
emphasizing inclusivity, decentralization, and evidence-based planning. This
assessment examines the policy's effectiveness, highlighting recent initiatives and
their impact on the nation's technological landscape.

Body:

1. Key Objectives and Features of STIP 2020:

• Inclusivity and Decentralization: The policy emphasizes inclusive

participation, ensuring representation from diverse regions, genders, and
communities. It adopts a decentralized approach, involving stakeholders at
various levels in the decision-making process.
• Evidence-Informed and Expert-Driven: STIP 2020 is grounded in evidence and
expert insights, aiming to create a responsive and adaptive STI ecosystem.
• Mission Mode Projects: The policy outlines short, medium, and long-term
mission mode projects to address national challenges and promote
innovation.

2. Recent Initiatives and Their Impact:

• AI and Semiconductor Development: India has invested over $1.2 billion in

artificial intelligence, focusing on enhancing computing capacity, supporting
startups, and expanding AI education. Additionally, the government aims to
become one of the top five semiconductor manufacturers globally, with new
factories under construction.
• Space Sector Reforms: The approval of 100% foreign direct investment (FDI)
in the space sector is expected to boost investment, create employment
opportunities, and establish manufacturing facilities within India.
• Agricultural Innovation: Leveraging satellite data, initiatives like Cropin have
enhanced crop yields and profits for farmers, demonstrating the practical
application of STI in agriculture.

3. Challenges and Areas for Improvement:

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 • Implementation and Monitoring: While the policy outlines ambitious goals,
effective implementation and monitoring mechanisms are crucial to ensure
the desired outcomes.
• Infrastructure and Investment: Sustaining momentum requires continued
investment in infrastructure and addressing challenges related to research
and development.
• Global Competition: India faces stiff competition from other nations in the STI
domain, necessitating continuous innovation and adaptation.

Conclusion:

STIP 2020 represents a forward-thinking approach to India's STI landscape,

emphasizing inclusivity, decentralization, and evidence-based planning. Recent
initiatives have shown positive outcomes, particularly in sectors like AI, space, and
agriculture. However, the policy's success hinges on effective implementation,
sustained investment, and continuous adaptation to global trends. With focused
efforts, India can strengthen its position as a global leader in science, technology, and
innovation.

Q7. Discuss the contributions of major scientific institutes in Andhra Pradesh

towards national research and development goals.

Introduction:

Andhra Pradesh has become a key player in India's research and development (R&D)
efforts, with scientific institutions contributing significantly across diverse fields.
These institutions advance national goals in sectors such as biotechnology, space
research, and renewable energy, aligning with India's overarching development
objectives.

Key Scientific Institutions and Their Contributions:

1. Indian Institute of Technology, Tirupati (IIT-Tirupati):

o Focuses on AI, robotics, renewable energy, and material science,
contributing to national initiatives like Smart Cities Mission and Make
in India.
2. National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Visakhapatnam:
o Provides critical research on marine biodiversity and oceanography,
supporting India’s Blue Economy and disaster management goals.

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 3. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad:
o Contributes to India’s National Biotechnology Strategy, advancing
genomics and drug development, supporting initiatives like Ayushman
Bharat.
4. Andhra University, Visakhapatnam:
o Conducts research in chemistry, materials science, and environmental
studies, contributing to sustainable development goals and resource
management.

Collaborative Research and National R&D Goals:

• Space Research: The Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh

supports India’s space missions, contributing to India’s leadership in space
exploration through projects like Chandrayaan and Mars Orbiter Mission.
• Biotechnology & Healthcare: Institutes such as CCMB support national goals
in vaccine development and pharmaceutical production.
• Renewable Energy: Andhra Pradesh institutions advance solar and wind
energy research, contributing to India’s renewable energy targets of 175 GW
by 2022 and 500 GW by 2030.

Impact on National Economic and Social Goals:

• Innovation Ecosystems: Institutes foster collaboration between industry,

academia, and the government, enhancing economic growth and national
competitiveness.
• Digital India Vision: Research in cybersecurity, AI, and blockchain by Andhra
Pradesh’s institutions supports the Digital India Mission.
• Human Capital Development: These institutions develop skilled talent,
essential for India’s self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) and inclusive growth.

Conclusion:

Andhra Pradesh's scientific institutions are vital contributors to India’s national R&D
goals, driving progress in space technology, healthcare, renewable energy, and digital
innovations. Their work supports India's vision for sustainable growth, self-reliance,
and global leadership in science and technology.

Q8. Examine the significance of recent DRDO projects in enhancing India's defense
capabilities.

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Introduction:

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has been instrumental
in advancing India's defense capabilities through the development of indigenous
technologies. Recent projects have significantly bolstered India's strategic
deterrence, defense readiness, and technological self-reliance.

Key DRDO Projects and Their Significance:

1. Hypersonic Missile Development:

o Project Overview: DRDO successfully tested a hypersonic missile
capable of reaching speeds exceeding Mach 5 and carrying payloads
over 1,500 km.
o Strategic Impact: This advancement positions India among select
nations with hypersonic capabilities, enhancing deterrence and
complicating interception efforts by adversaries.
2. Agni-5 with MIRV Technology:
o Project Overview: The Agni-5 intercontinental ballistic missile,
equipped with Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles
(MIRVs), was successfully flight-tested.
o Strategic Impact: This development strengthens India's nuclear
deterrence by enabling a single missile to strike multiple targets,
reinforcing its credible minimum deterrence policy.
3. Laser Weapon Systems:
o Project Overview: DRDO unveiled the Mk-II(A) laser weapon system at
Aero India 2025, capable of neutralizing aerial threats.
o Strategic Impact: This system enhances India's defense against drones
and other aerial threats, contributing to the modernization of air
defense systems.
4. VSHORAD Missile System:
o Project Overview: The Very Short Range Air Defence (VSHORAD)
missile system, developed by DRDO's Research Centre Imarat (RCI), is
designed to counter low-flying aerial threats.
o Strategic Impact: This system enhances the Indian Army's capability to
defend against helicopters, UAVs, and low-altitude aircraft, reducing
reliance on imported systems.
5. Underwater Sensors for Anti-Submarine Warfare:
o Project Overview: In collaboration with the Indian Navy and industry
partners, DRDO is developing advanced underwater sensors to detect
submarine movements in the Indian Ocean Region.

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 o Strategic Impact: These sensors bolster India's anti-submarine warfare
capabilities, enhancing maritime security in critical regions.

Conclusion:

DRDO's recent projects underscore India's commitment to enhancing its defense

capabilities through indigenous innovation. These advancements not only strengthen
national security but also contribute to India's strategic autonomy and technological
prowess on the global stage.

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