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C++ Interview Detailed QA Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various technical topics including C++ programming principles, Linux commands, Python scripting, Git and CI/CD practices, and behavioral interview questions. Key concepts such as object-oriented programming, memory management, process management, and version control are explained with examples. Additionally, it covers strategies for handling interview questions effectively.

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Sonu Singh
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7 views5 pages

C++ Interview Detailed QA Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various technical topics including C++ programming principles, Linux commands, Python scripting, Git and CI/CD practices, and behavioral interview questions. Key concepts such as object-oriented programming, memory management, process management, and version control are explained with examples. Additionally, it covers strategies for handling interview questions effectively.

Uploaded by

Sonu Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

C++ Interview Questions - Explained

Q1: What are the major principles of Object-Oriented Programming in C++?


A1:
- Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on it within a class. It hides internal
details.
- Abstraction: Showing only necessary features and hiding the complexity.
- Inheritance: One class can inherit properties and methods from another, promoting code reuse.
- Polymorphism: Same function or operator behaves differently in different contexts (e.g., function
overriding).

Q2: What is the difference between 'new' and 'malloc'?


A2:
- 'new' is a C++ operator that creates an object and calls its constructor.
- 'malloc' is a C function that just allocates memory (no constructor call).
- 'new' also returns the correct data type, while 'malloc' returns void* (needs casting).

Q3: What is a virtual function?


A3:
- A virtual function allows a subclass to override a function in the base class.
- This ensures the correct version of the function is called based on the object, not pointer type
(used in polymorphism).

Q4: What are smart pointers?


A4:
- Smart pointers manage memory automatically.
- Types:
- unique_ptr: owns and deletes the object when done.
- shared_ptr: multiple smart pointers can own the same object.
- weak_ptr: doesn’t affect the reference count; used to break circular references.

Q5: What is deep copy vs shallow copy?


A5:
- Shallow Copy: Copies object and references to the same memory (not safe if memory is
modified).
- Deep Copy: Creates a completely new copy with its own memory.

Q6: Why use 'const' in C++?


A6:
- To prevent accidental modification of data.
- It can be used with variables, pointers, function parameters, and return types.
2. Linux & Shell - Explained

Q1: How to see running processes?


A1:
- Use `ps -aux` to list all processes.
- Use `top` or `htop` to see real-time usage.

Q2: How to make a shell script executable?


A2:
- Use `chmod +x filename.sh` to give execute permission.

Q3: How to search inside files?


A3:
- Use `grep 'text' filename` to search a word inside a file.

Q4: What is the difference between hard and soft links?


A4:
- Hard Link: Points to the same inode, acts like the original file.
- Soft Link (Symbolic): A shortcut that points to another file.

Q5: How to find disk usage?


A5:
- `df -h`: Total disk space usage.
- `du -sh foldername`: Space used by a folder.
3. Python/Scripting - Explained

Q1: What are lists and dictionaries?


A1:
- List: A collection of ordered items (e.g., [1, 2, 3]).
- Dictionary: Stores key-value pairs (e.g., {'name': 'Alice'}).

Q2: How do you open a file in Python?


A2:
- Use `with open("file.txt", "r") as f:` to read a file.

Q3: Common Python use cases in DevOps?


A3:
- Automating tasks (file management, log parsing).
- Working with APIs (e.g., REST).
- Writing monitoring tools.

Q4: How to schedule scripts?


A4:
- Use cron jobs with `crontab -e` to run scripts at specific times.

Q5: Exception handling in Python?


A5:
- Use try-except blocks:
```python
try:
# risky code
except Exception as e:
print("Error:", e)
```
4. Git & CI/CD - Explained

Q1: What is the difference between merge and rebase?


A1:
- Merge: Combines code from two branches, keeps history.
- Rebase: Moves changes from one branch on top of another, creates cleaner history.

Q2: What is a Pull Request?


A2:
- A request to merge code changes from one branch to another (usually reviewed by teammates).

Q3: CI/CD Tools used?


A3:
- Jenkins, GitLab CI, GitHub Actions: Automate build, test, deploy tasks.

Q4: What is a Jenkinsfile?


A4:
- A text file with pipeline stages that tells Jenkins what to do (like a recipe).

Q5: What is Continuous Integration?


A5:
- Frequently integrating code to catch issues early.
- Automated builds and tests ensure nothing is broken.
5. Behavioral Questions - Explained

Q1: Tell me about a challenging bug.


A1:
- Use STAR: Situation, Task, Action, Result.
- Example: "We had a memory leak. I used Valgrind to find the source, patched the code, and it
reduced crashes by 90%."

Q2: How do you handle pressure?


A2:
- Break work into smaller tasks, communicate status clearly, focus on high-priority items.

Q3: Agile experience?


A3:
- Daily stand-ups, sprint planning, retrospectives.
- I used JIRA to manage tasks and collaborate with team.

Q4: Team collaboration?


A4:
- Clear communication (Slack, meetings), reviewing code, helping juniors, documenting properly.

Q5: Why are you a good fit?


A5:
- I have strong C++ and scripting skills, love problem-solving, and am proactive in learning and
contributing.

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