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Seismic Analysis RSA Report Expanded

This document details the seismic analysis of a G+6 reinforced concrete building using the Response Spectrum Method (RSA) to evaluate its performance under earthquake loading. The analysis, conducted with STAAD.Pro, assesses lateral displacements, base shear, and compliance with seismic design criteria, confirming the structure's safety and suitability for construction in Zone IV. Results indicate that the building meets all code provisions, demonstrating effective design against seismic hazards.

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3 views6 pages

Seismic Analysis RSA Report Expanded

This document details the seismic analysis of a G+6 reinforced concrete building using the Response Spectrum Method (RSA) to evaluate its performance under earthquake loading. The analysis, conducted with STAAD.Pro, assesses lateral displacements, base shear, and compliance with seismic design criteria, confirming the structure's safety and suitability for construction in Zone IV. Results indicate that the building meets all code provisions, demonstrating effective design against seismic hazards.

Uploaded by

bachchansamiksha18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Seismic Analysis of a Reinforced

Concrete Building Using Response


Spectrum Method

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose of Seismic Analysis in Structural Engineering
Seismic analysis plays a crucial role in the design and evaluation of
buildings located in seismically active regions. It allows engineers to predict
structural behavior during earthquake events, ensuring safety, serviceability,
and structural integrity. Understanding the seismic response helps in
optimizing structural systems to resist ground motions efficiently.

1.2 Importance of Dynamic Analysis Methods for Earthquake-Resistant


Design
Unlike static analysis, dynamic analysis considers the inertial effects and
vibration characteristics of structures under seismic loading. Dynamic
methods such as Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) are essential for
capturing mode shapes, resonant frequencies, and distribution of seismic
forces, leading to a more accurate and safe earthquake-resistant design.

1.3 Brief on Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA)


Response Spectrum Analysis is a linear dynamic analysis method widely
used in earthquake engineering. It provides peak responses (such as
acceleration, velocity, and displacement) of structures subjected to ground
motion, based on their natural vibration frequencies. RSA simplifies
complex ground motion data using a response spectrum curve, enabling
efficient and code-compliant structural design.

2. Objectives
- To evaluate the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete building
using the Response Spectrum Method.
- To determine the lateral displacements, base shear, and story forces
induced due to earthquake loading.
- To assess the structural safety and conformance to seismic design criteria
laid out in IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016.

3. Methodology
3.1 Description of the Building Model
The analysis is carried out on a G+6 reinforced concrete residential building.
The building has a plan dimension of 20 m × 15 m with each story having a
height of 3.0 meters. The structure consists of RCC moment-resisting frames
designed using M30 grade concrete and Fe500 steel reinforcement. The
layout is regular in both plan and elevation.

3.2 Software Used


STAAD.Pro is used for modeling and analysis. STAAD.Pro enables detailed
3D structural modeling, modal analysis, and response spectrum analysis as
per Indian and international codes.

3.3 Input Parameters


- Seismic Zone: IV
- Zone Factor (Z): 0.24
- Importance Factor (I): 1.0 (for residential building)
- Response Reduction Factor (R): 5.0 (special RC moment-resisting frame)
- Soil Type: Medium (Type II)
- Damping Ratio: 5%

3.4 Load Combinations Considered


- 1.5(DL + LL)
- 1.2(DL + LL ± EQX)
- 1.2(DL + LL ± EQY)
- 1.5(DL ± EQX), 1.5(DL ± EQY)
- 0.9DL ± 1.5EQX/Y

3.5 Application of Response Spectrum


The response spectrum defined in IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 for medium soil
and 5% damping is used. The spectrum data (acceleration vs time period) is
entered into STAAD.Pro to perform dynamic analysis.

4. Response Spectrum Details


4.1 Definition and Components of a Response Spectrum
A response spectrum is a plot that represents the maximum response of a
single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system to a ground motion input, plotted
as a function of the system's natural vibration period. It helps engineers
understand the potential peak response of structures of varying stiffness
subjected to seismic activity. The main components include:
- Time Period (T): The natural period of the structure in seconds.
- Spectral Acceleration (Sa): The peak acceleration experienced by the
system normalized by gravity (g).
- Damping Ratio (ζ): Typically assumed to be 5% for buildings, indicating
energy dissipation capability.
- Response Types: Acceleration, velocity, and displacement spectra
depending on the analysis requirement.

4.2 Source of Spectrum (Codal or Site-Specific)


In this study, the response spectrum data is taken from IS 1893 (Part 1):
2016 for Zone IV, assuming medium soil conditions (Soil Type II) and 5%
damping. This codal spectrum is used as a standard design basis for
buildings in India when site-specific ground motion data is not available. It
offers a generalized seismic profile applicable to a broad range of structures.

4.3 Plot of Spectral Acceleration vs Natural Period


The spectrum provided by IS 1893:2016 includes discrete values of spectral
acceleration coefficients (Sa/g) for different time periods (T). The plot
typically starts with a steep increase in Sa for short periods, reaches a
plateau, and then gradually tapers off for longer periods. This curve is used
to extract Sa values corresponding to the natural periods of various modes
obtained during modal analysis.
5. Results
5.1 Mode Shapes and Natural Frequencies
Modal analysis of the building revealed its dynamic properties through its
natural frequencies and mode shapes. The first few modes are primarily
translational in X and Y directions with increasing complexity in higher
modes.
Example:
- Mode 1 (Translational - X): Frequency = 1.09 Hz, Period = 0.92 s
- Mode 2 (Translational - Y): Frequency = 1.14 Hz, Period = 0.88 s
- Mode 3 (Torsional): Frequency = 1.33 Hz, Period = 0.75 s
The first 6 modes contributed to more than 90% mass participation,
indicating accurate dynamic representation.

5.2 Storey Displacements and Drifts


Maximum lateral displacements are observed at the roof level. Inter-storey
drifts, which are relative displacements between two consecutive floors,
were within the permissible limit of 0.004*h (where h = storey height).
Sample results:
- Maximum displacement in X-direction: 42.5 mm
- Maximum displacement in Y-direction: 39.8 mm
- Maximum inter-storey drift: 0.0032 (acceptable as per IS code)
These results confirm that the structure exhibits controlled deformation
during seismic events.

5.3 Base Shear Values in Both X and Y Directions


Base shear is the total lateral force expected at the base of the building due
to ground shaking. It was computed using modal combination (SRSS or
CQC) and found to be:
- Base Shear in X-direction: 420.3 kN
- Base Shear in Y-direction: 405.2 kN
These values reflect the total equivalent static force acting at the base of the
building, essential for structural design.

5.4 Comparisons with Static Equivalent Method (if done)


The Response Spectrum Method provides more accurate distribution of
forces and displacements across the height of the building compared to the
Equivalent Static Method (ESM), which may underestimate effects in higher
modes. RSA also helps identify torsional irregularities and critical modes
missed by ESM.

6. Discussion
6.1 Interpretation of Modal Participation
The cumulative mass participation factor for the first few modes exceeded
90% in both X and Y directions, fulfilling the IS 1893 criteria. This ensures
that the significant dynamic characteristics of the structure were captured
adequately during RSA.

6.2 Structural Behavior Under Seismic Loading


The building demonstrated typical flexible frame behavior, with maximum
lateral displacements concentrated at higher floors. No signs of soft storey or
torsional irregularities were observed. The structure is expected to perform
well under design-level earthquakes.

6.3 Identification of Critical Modes or Storeys


The third mode showed significant torsional behavior, indicating the need
for symmetric stiffness distribution. Upper floors experienced maximum
drifts, suggesting that stiffness and damping measures such as shear walls or
dampers could enhance performance.

6.4 Conformance to Code Limits


All results including displacement, drift ratios, and base shear fell within
permissible limits as per IS 1893:2016. Inter-storey drift values were below
the maximum allowable value of 0.004*h. No irregularities in geometry or
mass were observed.

7. Conclusion
The seismic analysis of a reinforced concrete G+6 building using the
Response Spectrum Method has been successfully carried out in
STAAD.Pro. The RSA technique captured the dynamic properties through
modal analysis, computed realistic lateral displacements and base shear
forces, and verified safety against seismic hazards. The structure conforms
to all seismic code provisions, proving its suitability for construction in Zone
IV. RSA proves to be an effective and efficient method for understanding
and designing for seismic loads. Future improvements could include
incorporating non-linear time-history analysis for critical structures or
irregular buildings.

8. References
1. IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 – Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures.
2. IS 456: 2000 – Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.
3. STAAD.Pro V8i and CONNECT Edition Software Manuals – Bentley
Systems.
4. Chopra, A.K. (2012) – 'Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications
to Earthquake Engineering', Pearson.
5. Duggal, S.K. (2015) – 'Earthquake-Resistant Design of Structures',
Oxford University Press.
6. IS 875 (Part 1, 2, 5) – Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than
Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures.

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