Practical-04

1. Aim: Installation of cisco packet tracer and analysis of various tools,

functioning, devices in logical platform

2. Theory
The simulation program from Cisco is called Packet Tracer. It can be applied to test and
simulate abstract networking ideas as well as to build complex network typologies. The
experience is extremely similar to what you see in computer networks and serves as a
playground for you to experiment with networking.

Additionally, they offer their services in languages like French, Spanish, German, and
Russian. Due to economic constraints, physical hardware is frequently unable to be used by
students to build complex and large networks. Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android, and iOS
users can use Packet Tracer.
Cisco Package Tracker:
Cisco Packet Tracer's major goal is to assist students in gaining practical networking
experience and developing skills particular to Cisco technology. This program cannot replace
hardware routers or switches because the protocols are implemented solely in software. It's
interesting to note that this tool includes many more networking devices in addition to Cisco
models.
THE WORKSPACE:

1. Logical: The logical workspace displays the user's constructed network's logical
architecture. It stands for the positioning, affixing, and grouping of virtual network devices.
2.
Physical: The physical workspace displays the logical network's graphical physical
dimension. It shows how network equipment like routers, switches, and hosts might be
positioned and scaled in a real system. Along with many buildings, cities, and wire closets, it
also offers a geographical representation of networks.

KEY FEATURES: -

● Unlimited devices

● E-learning

● Customize single/multi user activities

● Interactive Environment
● Visualizing Networks

● Real-time mode and Simulation mode

● Self-paced

● Supports majority of networking protocols

● International language support

● Cross platform compatibility

To install Cisco Packet Tracer on your computer, follow these step-by-step instructions:

Step 1: Obtain the Installer: Go to the Cisco

Networking Academy website: https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
If you don't have an account, sign up for a free Cisco Networking Academy account.
Log in to your account. Find the download link for Cisco Packet Tracer under the
"Packet Tracer" section.
Step 2: Select the Correct Version: To use Cisco Packet Tracer with your chosen
operating system (Windows, Linux, or macOS), choose the correct version.
Depending on the architecture of your system, pick either 32 or 64 bits.
Step 3: Download the installer in Select the appropriate version's download link.
Save the installer file to the local drive of your computer.
Step 4: Find the installer file that was downloaded to your PC. To start the
installation wizard, double-click the installer file.
Step 5: The setup procedure will be walked you through by the installation wizard.
In order to install Cisco Packet Tracer on your computer, adhere to the on-screen
directions. Review and agree to the terms of the license agreement before starting
the installation.
Step 6: Select Installation Directory (Optional): You could be asked to select the
installation directory
throughout the installation process. You have the option of selecting a different
location or
accepting the default.
Step 7: Finish the Installation Once the installation is finished, a notice stating that
Cisco
Packet Tracer has been successfully installed on your computer will appear.
Step 8: Start Cisco Packet Tracer After installation, you can do so from either the
Applications folder (on macOS) or the Start menu (on Windows).
 Step 9: Log in or Use Guest Login: You might be prompted to log in with your Cisco
Networking Academy credentials when you initially run Cisco Packet Tracer. If you
like, you may also use the Guest Login option. Step 10: You can use Cisco Packet
Tracer to develop and simulate network topologies, practice networking concepts,
and more once you've logged in.

Network Devices:
1.
Routers: Data packets are directed by a router based on their IP addresses, much like a
switch does. The router is primarily an item of the network layer. LAN and WAN connections
are often made via routers, which decide on routing by using a dynamically updated routing
table. Hosts connecting via the router are separated into several broadcast domains. Cisco
Packet Tracer simulates a variety of routers, including these ones:

● Cisco 2620XM

● Cisco 2621XM

● Cisco 2811
● ISR Cisco
● 1941 ISR
● Cisco 2901

ISR Cisco

2911 ISR
 ● Cisco 819 ISR
● Cisco 1841 ISR

Figure5.2: Networking Device Router

2.
Switch: A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can improve
performance and efficiency (more ports equal less traffic). A data link layer device is a switch.
The switch may carry out error checking before forwarding data, which makes it incredibly
efficient because it only forwards good packets to the right port and does not transmit packets
with mistakes. In other words, while the switch separates the hosts' collision domain, the
broadcast domain is left unchanged.

Figure 5.3: Networking Device Switch

3.
Hub: A hub is essentially a multi-port repeater. Like the connection in a star topology
that connects numerous stations, a hub links multiple wires that originate from multiple
branches. Since hubs are unable to filter data, data packets are transmitted to all connected
devices. In other words, a single collision domain continues to be shared by all hosts connected
by Hub. They are also inefficient and wasteful since they lack the intelligence to pick the best
path for data packets. Various hub kinds are:
•Active Hub: These are hubs that have their own power source and have additional
signalprocessing, retransmission, and enhancement capabilities. It serves both as a repeater and
a wiring hub. These allow for an increase in the maximum distance between nodes.
• Passive Hub: These are hubs that receive cable from nodes and power from the active
hub. Because they only send signals onto the network without boosting or cleaning them, these
hubs cannot be used to enhance the distance between
nodes.
Figure 5.4: Networking Device Hub

END DEVICES:
The source and destination devices for data delivered over any internet network are known as
end devices. Each end device on a network has an address that can be used to distinguish it
from other end devices. An end device utilises the address of the destination end device to
identify where the message should be transmitted when it first starts a communication session.
BASIC PC INTERCONNECTION:

Figure5.5: Basic PC Interconnection

Figure5.6: Basic PC Interconnection

LAN SEGMENT:
A local area network (LAN) segment is a physical section of a LAN that is physically
isolated from other segments by bridges or routers. In order to enhance network
performance, LANs are frequently "segmented" using bridges. If the destination
address of a frame is a machine in the local LAN segment, bridges attached to that
segment will not allow the frame to pass. This reduces unnecessary network traffic in
other segments attached to the bridge. Bridges are intelligent devices that build MAC-
level routing tables that forward network traffic on the basis
of the destination MAC address of each frame.
LAN segmentation enhances performance: - By lowering the number of stations in each
sector of the LAN that must compete with one another for access to the network,
segmentation enhances the performance of Ethernet networks. Because they are less
expensive and don't need any particular configuration, bridges are frequently used to
separate smaller LANs. To increase traffic on your local segment, you install a bridge
between the hub of your department or workgroup and the main network backbone.

Figure5.7: LAN Segment