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CSAT - WORK BOOK

Number Systems Complete Theory

We discuss following Concepts in Number Systems

1. Basic Classification

2. (Basics, Prime Numbers, Divisibility rules, Remainders, Squares & Cubes)

3. Cyclicity (Units digits)

4. Number of Zeros Concept

5. Remainders in larger Powers

6. HCF & LCM

7. Miscellaneous

8. (Reoccurring digits, counting the page numbers, Problems on simple

equations…etc)

Basics

Natural numbers:
 Numbers which are used for counting, it means all positive integers are natural
numbers. (1, 2, 3, and so on). Zero, negative numbers, and decimals are not
included this group.

Whole numbers:
 Natural numbers and zero called as whole numbers which are non-negative
integers.

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Real numbers:
 A real number is a value that represents any quantity along a number line
(number line represents numbers from -  to +  ). Because they lie on a number
line, their size can be compared. You can say one is greater or less than
another, and do arithmetic with them.

Rational numbers:
 A rational number is one that can be represented as the ratio of two integers.
p/q [q is not equal to 0]
1 3
For example all the numbers below are rational: , ...
2 5

Irrational numbers:
 An irrational number cannot be written as the ratio of two integers. Examples,
Not written in the form of p/q
Pi = 3.14, e = 2.718, 2 =1.4142…

 The set of Rational and Irrational numbers together is the set of Real Numbers
and is denoted by R.

Even and Odd Numbers:

 Even and Odd are properties of Integers only. For exams purposes, we would
take non negative Integers i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ……

Even Number:
 A number which is divisible by 2 viz. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, …….
 Even numbers are represented by 2n, where n = 0, 1, 2, ……
 Zero is also an Even number.

Odd Number:
 A number that is not divisible by 2 viz. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ……
 Odd numbers are represented by 2n + 1, where n = 0, 1, 2, ……
 Based on divisibility there are two types of natural numbers: Prime and
Composite.

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Prime Numbers:

 A number which doesn’t have factors other than one.

 Number 6 factors, are 1, 2 and 3. Factors for 8 are 1, 2 and 4 and factors for 7,
only 1 and itself. Therefore, 7 is a prime number.
 Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59,
61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, and 97 so on. The only even number which is a
prime number is 2.

Note:

1. The only even number which is a prime number is 2.

2. There are 25 prime numbers which are less than 100

3. For every prime number greater than 3, generally will be in the form
of (6n+ 1) or (6n – 1), where as n is integer, but vice versa is not true,
i.e. numbers which are in the form (6n+ 1) or (6n – 1) need not be a
prime

To check given number is prime number or not:

Example: 181

 Take a square root of the number, for 181, square root lies between 13 and 14.
Generally we round of the square root to lower integer, i.e. 13.
 Now, we note down all the prime numbers which are less than 13 are 2, 3, 5, 7
and 11. If any of above prime number divides given number i.e. 181, then we
say given number is not a prime.

Note:

 If n is a prime number then, 2n – 1 is also a prime number. 219 – 1 is prime

since 19 is a prime number.

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Composite Numbers:
 Any number other than prime numbers called as composite numbers. Examples
are 2, 4, 8, 10.so on.
 Note: 1 neither prime nor composite

Co-Prime Numbers:
 Two numbers are said to be co-prime to each other if they do not have any
common factor, other than 1. Thus 5 and 6, though they themselves are not
primes, are co-prime to each other. Similarly are 11 and 42.

Note:
 1 is said to co – prime to all the numbers other than 1

Twin Primes:
 Gap between any two primes is two or simply there is only one composite
number between two primes they are called twin primes.

Divisibility rules:
 To know whether if a number is divided by another number or not. Divisibility
rules will help us to factorise numbers more easily.

Divisibility by 2:
 Any number ends with even digit are divided by 2. E.g: 298, 302, 1024 etc.

Divisibility by 3 & 9:
 If Sum of the digits in a number is multiple of 3, then number is divided by 3.
 E.g: Take a number 1236. Sum of the digits is 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12, which is a
multiple of 3 is so number is divided by 3.

 Similar rule for 9, sum of the digits must be 9 multiple.

 E.g: 60813, sum of the digits is 6 + 0 + 8 + 1 + 3 =18, is a multiple of 9.

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Divisibility by 4 & 8:
 A number formed with last two digits in a number if it is divided by 4 then
number is divided by 4.
 E.g: 18548. Check if 48 is divided by 4, then 18548 is divided by 4.
 A number formed with last three digits in a number, if it is divided by 8 then
number is divided by 8.
 The number 4816 is divisible by 8 because 816 is divided by 8

Divisibility by 5 & 10:

 If a number ends with zero or five then number is divided by 5. (E.g: 15, 20,
1255...).
 A number should end with 0 to be divided by 10.

Divisibility by 6:
 If a number is divided by both 2 and 3, then number is divided by 6.

Divisibility by 7:
 If the difference between the number of tens in the number and twice of the unit
digit is 0 or divisible by 7, then number is divided by 7.
 Take a number 987, double the unit digit is7  2 = 14 difference is 98  14  84 ,
check if 84 is divided by 7. So number 987 is divided by 7.

Divisibility by 11:
 If sum of the alternate digits is same or differ by multiples of 11.
 Take 1430, 1  3  4 and sum of the other digits is also 4 (= 4 + 0) so number is
divided by 11.
 Take 587543, sums are 5  7  4  8  5  3  16 equal here so number is divided by
11.
 Check for 398849 and 5477319.

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Divisibility by 19:
 If the addition of the number of tens in the number and twice of the unit digit is
divisible by 19, then number is divided by 19. Take 684, 68 + 2  4 =76 is
divisible by 19. If we have a big number we continue above process step by step.
 For other numbers, say 24 = 8 x 3 number should be divided by 8 as well as 3.
Express only in-terms of co-prime. E.g: 36 = 4 x 9 & 72 = 8 x 9

Divisibility properties:

(a) If a is divisible by b then ac is also divisible by b.

(b) If a is divisible by b and b is divisible by c then a is divisible by c.
(c) If a and b are natural numbers such that a is divisible by b and b is divisible by
a then a = b.
(d) If n is divisible by d and m is divisible by d then (m + n) and (m – n) are both
divisible by d.
This has an important implication. Suppose 28 and 740 are both divisible by 4.
Then (740 + 28) as well as (740 – 28) are divisible by 4.
(e) If a is divisible by b and c is divisible by d then ac is divisible by bd.

Division Sum equation:

 Suppose 33 divided by 5, 3 is the remainder. So we write as 33 = 5  6 + 3.
 In a division sum, dividend (N) = divisor (d)  quotient (q) + remainder (r).
 Number = d  q + r.

Few Properties
 The product of 3 consecutive natural numbers is divisible by 6.
 The product of 3 consecutive natural numbers the first of which is even is
divisible by 24.
 A sum of 5 consecutive whole numbers will always be divisible by 5.
 Products:
o Odd × odd = odd
o Odd × even = even

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o Even × even = even
 Whenever, if take the difference between a number and number obtained by
reversing the digits of original number is always 9 multiple.
 Assume number is XY number obtained by reversing the digits is YX.
 So (10X + Y) – (10Y + X) = 9 (X – Y).
 So difference always equals to 9 multiple. I.e. if difference is divided by 9 then
remainder will be zero and quotient will be (X – Y) = difference between digits.

 Let take a 3 digit number, XYZ, value of it is 100X + 10Y + Z. Number obtained
by reversing the digits is ZYX, value is 100Z + 10Y + X.
 Difference is, (100X + 10Y + Z) – (100Z + 10Y + X) = 99 (X – Z) = 99 multiple.
 Difference between a 3 digit number and number obtained by reversing the
digits of actual number is, like 783 – 387 = 396 (= 99 x 4).

 Number of single-digit natural numbers: 1- 9 = 9

 Number of two-digit natural numbers: 10- 99 = 90
 Number of three-digit natural numbers: 100- 999 = 900
 Difference between squares of two consecutive numbers always equals to sum
of the numbers

E.g 1: 412  402  81 = (41 + 40) (41  40).

 Square of every natural number can be written in the form 3n or 3n + 1.

 Square of every natural number can be written in the form 4n or 4n + 1.
 Square of a natural number can only end in 00, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9. No perfect
square can end in 2, 3, 7, 8 or a single zero
n  n  1
 Sum of first n natural numbers =
2
n  n  1 2n  1
 Sum of squares of first n natural numbers =
6

 n  n  1 
2

 Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers =  

 2 

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Foundation

Basic Classification
(Basics, Prime Numbers, Divisibility rules…etc)

1. Every prime number greater than 3 will be in the form of (n any integer)
(a) 6n + 1 (b) 6n – 1 (c) a & b (d) None

2. Which of the following is a prime number:

(a) 189 (b) 171 (c) 153 (d) 127

3. Sum of two twin prime numbers (which are greater than 3) is divided by:
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 4 (d) all

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4. If A381 is divisible by 11, find the value of smallest number A?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 7

5. The number Y4532X, where Y and X are single digit numbers, is divisible by 72,
then Y – X is?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 2

6. If a number 45678x9231 is divisible by 3, then how many values are possible for x.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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7. The product of three consecutive natural numbers, the first of which is an even
number, is always divisible by:
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) All

8. 10 n
 1 is always divided by (n is any integer):

(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) a & b

9. 411 + 412 + 413 + 414 + 415 is divisible by which of the following?

(a) 11 (b) 31 (c) 341 (d) All of the above

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10. If a number is divided by 4 gives remainder 3, find the remainder in following
cases:
(a) If twice of a number divided by 4
(b) If square of that number divided by 4
(c) If thrice of that number divided by 4
(d) If square of that number divided by 6

11. When a number is divided by 56, the remainder obtained is 29. What will be the
remainder when the number is divided by 8?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 7

12. A long Part of wood of same length when cut into equal pieces each of 242 cms,
leaves a small piece of length 98 cms. If this Part were cut into equal pieces each of
22 cms, the length of the leftover wood would be
(a) 76 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 11 cm (d) 10 cm

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13. Difference between the two digit number and the number obtained by
interchanging the digits is divided by 9. Then quotient is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) difference between digits (d) None

14. When we multiply a certain two digit number by the sum of its digits, 238 is
achieved. If we multiply the number written in reverse order of the same digits by
the sum of the digits, we get 301, find the number:
(a) 27 (b) 43 (c) 26 (d) 34

15. The difference between the two three-digit numbers XYZ and ZYX will be equal to
(a) difference between X and Z i.e. |x – z| (b) sum of X and z i.e (X + Z)
(c) 9 × difference between X and Z (d) 99 × difference between X and Z

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16. Which of the following can never be in the ending of a perfect square?
(a) 5 (b) 00 (c) 9 (d) 000

17. In a basket, there are 125 flowers. A man goes to worship and offers as many
flowers at each temple as there are temples in the city. Thus he needs 5 baskets of
flowers. Find the number of temples in the city
(a) 27 (b) 26 (c) 25 (d) 24

18. Difference between the squares of two consecutive odd integers is always divisible
by:
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 8

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19. Difference between squares of two consecutive numbers is 71, find the numbers?
(a) 35 & 34 (b) 36 & 37 (c) None (d) 36 & 35

20. The product of three consecutive even numbers when divided by 24 is 96; find the
product of their square roots?
(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 28 (d) 48

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Cyclicity (Units digits)

 At times there are questions that require the students to find the units digit in
case of the numbers occurring in powers. If anyone asks you to find the unit
digit of 33, you will easily calculate it also you can calculate for 35 but if any one
ask you the unit digit of 17399, it will be hard to calculate easily.

Let’s have a look on a basic problem:

 E.g 2: Find the unit digit of 23 x 49 x 31
 Sol: Here, we have to find the last digit (unit’s digit) of the product, so consider
only unit digits
= 3 x 9 x 1 = 27  1 = 7  1 = 7.

Finding the last digit’s in larger powers:

 Let us look at the last digits of powers of 3.

 31  3,32  9,33  7,34  1

 35  3,36  9,37  7,38  1 , it means the last digit is repeating after four steps. To

find out the last digit of 313 , find the multiple of four near 13. Here, 12 is the

multiple of 4, if we divide 13 by 4 remainder will be 1, so 312 will be ending with

1 ( 34 ends with 1), so 313 ends with 3.

E.g 3: Find the last digit of 3175 ?

Sol: Recollect divisibility rule for 4, if last 2 digits of any number is divided by 4 then
that number is divided by 4, 72 is nearest multiple to 75, so after dividing 175 by 4

remainder is 3 so last digit is 7( 33  7 ).

 So to find out last digits of any power of any number one should know the cyclic
nature of numbers. It means after how many steps last digits are repeating.

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Cyclicity of digits 2, 3, 7 and 8:

 Each of these digits has a cycle of 4 and the respective cycles are…
 As n assumes successive natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……
o …… unit digit of 2n will be 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, ……
o …… unit digit of 3n will be 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9, ……
o …… unit digit of 7n will be 7, 9, 3, 1, 7, 9, 3, 1, 7, 9, ……
o …… unit digit of 8n will be 8, 4, 2, 6, 8, 4, 2, 6, 8, 4, ……

Cyclicity of digits 4 and 9:

 The digit 4 and 9 have a cyclicity of 2 i.e. two different values of the unit digit
get repeated, as the powers of 4 and 9 are increased successively.
 Cycle of unit digit of 4n as n takes values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …… is: 4, 6, 4, 6, 4, ……
 Cycle of unit digit of 9n as n takes values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …… is: 9, 1, 9, 1, 9, ……
 Thus in the case of 4n and 9n one just needs to check if n is odd or even and
accordingly the unit digit can be found

Cyclicity of digits 1, 5 and 6:

 Any power of 1, 5 and 6 will end respectively with 1, 5 and 6 (irrespective of the
power). Thus the digits 1, 5 and 6 are said to have a cyclicity of 1 and finding
the unit digit of their power is not an issue.

Questions

21. 69  34  33  47  22  66
22. 47  33 699  23  49  83  69  34  33
23. 69  34  33  7  33 9

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24. 432 × 532 + 532 × 974 + 537 × 531 + 947 × 997
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 8

25. 2199  3253 ?

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 8

26. 7199  9253  2199  3198

27. 777999  999777  333555 ?

28. The unit’s digit of the expression

1952139  477137  6843333 is:

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 0

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29. 125813 × 5533703 × 4532828 = ?
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 5

30. 111 + 122 + 133 + 144 + 155 + 166 =?

(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 0

31. 1 + 2 + 3 + …… + 100 =?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0

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32. 13+23+ 33+…….+1003 =?
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 0

33. The last digit of 63n x 525 x 199 is zero. Then find the following?
(i) Greater possible value of n?
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 8

(ii) How many values are possible for n?

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 8

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34. If the unit’s digit of 37n is 3, what is the unit’s digit of 73n?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 3 or 7

35. What is the unit of 1! 2! 3! ........  1000!

(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 0

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The number of zeroes at the end of a product

 Consider the product 5 × 15 × 8.

 While none of the multiplicand is a multiple of 10, yet the product, 600, has two
trailing zeroes. Where have these zeroes come from?

Consider the product 30 × 40 × 50

These are 3 multiples of 10 and thus should have 3 trailing zeroes in the product.
However the product is 60,000. Where has the 4th trailing zero come from?
(2 x 5) = 10

(2 x 5) x (2 x 5) = 100

(2 x 5) x (2 x 5) x (2 x 5) = 1000

One 2 when multiplied with one 5 would result in one trailing 0

So in any product to find number of zeros, we should look for numbers 2’s and 5’s in
the product and not for 10’s

When we factorized 5 x 15 x 8, we get three powers 2’s (8 = 23) and 2 powers of 5’s (5
and 15 = 3 x 5)

So we can form only 2 pairs of 2 x 5 so we have 2 zeros in this product.

In 30 × 40 × 50, we get one power of 5 from 50 (= 5 x 10) and we get two power of 2’s
from 40 (= 4 x 10 = 22 x 10) so we can form only one pair of 2 x 5.
So along with 3 zeros (3 x 10 x 4 x 10 x 5 x 10) we have one extra zero from 2 x 5 pair.
Total there will be 4 zeros.

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Find the number of zeros in the end

36. 25 x 16 x 4 x 135 x 119

37. 75 x 20 x 15 x 62 x 60 x 95 x 10

38. Find the zeros in 2  4  5  25 16

20 20 60 25 80

39. Find the number of zeros in the product of 1003, 1001, 999,…..,123
(a) 6 (b) 32 (c) 26 (d) 0

40. Find the number of zero’s in the product 1, 3, 5, 7…99, 101 and 128?
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 7

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Remainders in larger powers

Remainders

Suppose we have to find out the remainder when 24  19 is divided by 11.

24 19 456
  5
11 11

If you look at the individual remainders of 24 and 19 when divided by 11, 24 give 2
and 19 give 8 as remainders.
24 19 2  8 16
   5
11 11 11

So going with individual remainders method is a recommended way.

E.g 4: If 135  243  362 by 12

135  243  362 3  3  2 18
Sol: apply,    6
12 12 12

Negative remainder concept:

If 14 x 15 is divided by 16 what is the remainder?

= (14 x 15)/16
If we apply above method still problem is not yet simplified, i.e. 14/ 16 gives 14 only
and 15/ 16 gives remainder 15 only.
When denominator value is more than numerator, we are unable to simply of this.
For these kind of questions we will apply negative remainder concepts. It is a concept
only, remainders can’t be negative generally.

If 7 is divided by 9, i.e. 7/9 remainder will be 7 and by basic division sum equation
(Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder.D = dq + r) & 7 = 9 x 1 – 2. So here -2 is
the reminder.

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Simply take the difference, between numerator and denominator or its multiple, i.e. 7
–9=–2

If we divide 13 by 8, remainder is 5 & 13 = 8  1 + 5 and also 13 = 8  2 – 3, so in this

case remainder is –3.
Take the difference here 13 – 16 = – 3
If we divide 27 by 5, remainder is 2 or 27 – 30 = –3.

(14 x 15)/16 = (– 2 x –1)/ 16 = 2/16 so remainder is 2

(13 x 14 x 15)/16 = (– 3 x – 2 x – 1)/ 16 = – 6/16. What is the right answer if we get

minus sign in numerator? Just add numerator and denominator = – 6 + 16 = 10.
Final remainder is 10.

Now we take larger powers.

E.g 5: Remainder if 4112 is divide by 7.

Sol: forget about power first, when 41 is divided by 7, remainder is 6 or – 1,

4112 (7  6  1)12 (1)12 1

   
7 7 7 7

Remainder if 4113 is divide by 7,

4113 (7  6  1)13 (1)13 1
     7 1  6
7 7 7 7

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(Remainders in larger powers)

1. Find the remainder if (12  13) is divide by 11?

(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 10

2. Find the remainder if (12  13) is divide by 14?

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -2 (d) 2

3. Find the remainder if (76  78  79) is divide by 80?

(a) -8 (b) 8 (c) 72 (d) 0

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4. Find the remainder if 64100 is divide by 7?
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 2

5. Find the remainder if 62101 is divide by 7?

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -6 (d) 6

6. Find remainder when 260 is divided by 7?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 4

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7. Find remainder when 261 is divided by 7?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 4

8. The remainder when (1737+2937) is divided by 23 is:

(a) 0 (b) 17 (c) 6 (d) 3

9. The remainder when 6767+67 is divided by 68?

(a) 67 (b) 66 (c) 0 (d) 1

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10. Find the remainder if product 21 x 24 x 26 x 29 is divided by 10?
(a) 4 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 1

11. Find the last two digits of 105 x 106 x 104 =?

(a) 10 (b) 30 (c) 20 (d) 40

12. Remainder if (1! + 2! + 3! + 4! + 5! + 6! + ……100!) is divided by 6 ?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0

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(HCF & LCM)

Highest Common Factor (HCF or GCD)

 Every number has some factors but if two or more numbers taken together can
have one or more common factors. Out of those common factors the greatest
among them will be the highest common divisor or highest common factor of
those numbers. Such as 12 and 18 have 1, 2, 3 and 6 as common factors but
among them 6 is the highest common factor. So H.C.F. of 12 and 18 is 6.

Methods of finding H.C.F

(a) Factorisation method:

 Express each number as the product of primes and take the product of the least
powers of common factors to get the H.C.F.
 E.g 6: 72 and 96 HCF
 72 = 23 x 32; 96 = 25 x 3;
 Common factors = 2 and 3, now take their least powers = 23 x 3 = 24

(b) Division Method:

 Divide the larger number by smaller one. Now divide the divisor by the
remainder. Repeat the process of dividing the preceding divisor by the
remainder last obtained, till the remainder zero is obtained. The last divisor is
the required H.C.F.

72) 96 ( 1
72
-----------
24) 72 (3
72
--------------
00

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Short cut method to find HCF (Differences method)

Let us have a look at faster method to find HCF.

E.g 7: Find the HCF of 12 and 16
Sol: Simply take the difference between the given numbers, i.e. 16 – 12 = 4

E.g 8: Find HCF of 150 and 174?

Sol: Difference is 174 – 150 = 24. But 24 wont divided either of 150 or 174.
Now any of one factor of 24 divides these two numbers.
6 is dividing these two. HCF = 6
Answer is always difference of the numbers or difference’s factors (This method works
99%)

E.g 9: Find HCF of 3 and 35?

Sol: Now don’t take the difference between 35 and 3 i.e. 32 is not the answer.
First of all Common Divisor must be less than given numbers.
That too they are co – prime (HCF is one)
That is the reason we said above method works 99%, except in co prime cases.

E.g 10: Find HCF of 48, 96, 120?

Sol: When more than two numbers given, just take the differences between any two
numbers. I.e. 96 – 48 = 48; 120 – 96 = 24 & 120 – 48 =72 so here in the entire
differences smallest one i.e. (= 24) is important. Answer is smallest difference or its
any of one factors. HCF is 24

Situations where HCF has to be used:

In situations when a quantity/number has to be divided into smaller equal groups, we

would be making the use of factors.
E.g:
 Plant 90 saplings into rows having equal saplings
 Measuring 24 litres using one smaller measuring can

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 Dividing/cutting a rectangle of dimension 24 × 36 into equal squares without
any wastage

In each of these cases, a factor will necessarily play a role –

 The number of saplings (or the number of rows) would have to be a factor of 90
(we cannot plant 25 saplings in a row as after 4th row we will be left with only
15 and the row will not have same number of saplings)
 The measuring can has to be a factor of 24. With 5 ltr measuring can we can
only measure 5, 10, 15, 20, and not 24 ltrs.
 The side of the square has to be factor of 24 and 36. Squares of side 8 cannot
be formed as the side measuring 36 will not be completely utilized.

Application of HCF:

Largest number ‘that divides’/‘on dividing’

E.g11: Find the largest number with which when 38 and 51 are divided gives
remainders of 2 and 3 respectively?
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 24 (d) 12

Grouping/dividing given quantities

E.g 12: There are 315 and 420 students. What is the minimum number of rooms
required such that all the rooms have equal number of students?
(a) 105 (b) 35 (c) 7 (d) None

When the HCFs are given and the numbers unknown

E.g 13: How many pairs of numbers exist such that their HCF is 12 and the sum of
the numbers is 108?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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Least Common Multiple (LCM)

 When we write the multiples of any two or more numbers taken together, we
find that they have some common multiples. Out of those common multiples
the smallest among them will be the least common multiple of those numbers.
Such as 12 and 18 have 36, 72, 108, 144….. as common multiples but 36 is the
least among them. So L.C.M. of 12 and 18 is 36.

Methods of finding L.C.M

(a) Factorisation Method: Resolve each one of the given numbers into prime factors.
Then the product of the highest power of all the factors gives the L.C.M.
E.g 14: Find the LCM of 72, 288 and 1080.
72 = 23 × 32, 288 = 25 × 32 & 1080 = 23 × 33 × 5.
The prime numbers present are 2, 3 and 5. The highest indices (powers) of 2, 3 and 5
are 5, 3 and 1, respectively. Hence the LCM = 25 × 33 × 5 = 4320

(b)Division Method: To find the LCM of 72, 196 and 240, we use the division method
in the following way

L.C.M. of the given numbers = product of divisors and the remaining numbers = 2 × 2
× 2 × 3 × 3 × 10 × 49 = 72 × 10 × 49 = 35280.

(c) Multiple of largest number: Start with the largest number and find which of its
multiple is divisible by all.
E.g 15: Find the LCM of 15, 24, 40
The LCM has to be a multiple of 40 i.e. 40, 80, 120, 160, … Consider each of these in
sequence and check which is divisible by 15 and 24.
40 and 80 is not divisible by 15, 120 is divisible by 15 and also by 24. Thus LCM is
120.

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In case there are many numbers given, that we need get their LCM.

E.g 16: Find the LCM of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21 and 25.
 The highest power of 2 that appears in any of the number is 24 (in 16).
 The highest power of 3 that appears in any of the number is 32 (in 9 and 18)
 The highest power of 5 that appears in any of the number is 52 (in 25).
 The highest power of 7 that appears in any of the number is 7 (in 7 and 21).
 Since no other prime number is present in any of the numbers, the LCM is 24 ×
32 × 5 × 7.

Situations where LCM has to be used:

In situations where there is a repetition of an event, we would most likely be using

LCM.
E.g.
 Clock striking after every 10 mins or bus leaving every 10 mins
 A traffic light signboard being lit for 2 mins and then off for 1 mins
 A runner running round a circular track and completing a round in 8 mins
 Each of the event will be repeated after an multiple of the number used
 The clock will strike/bus will leave at 10 mins, 20 mins, 30 mins, … i.e.
multiples of 10
 The complete cycle of on and off will end at 3 mins, 6 mins, 9 mins, … i.e.
multiples of 3
 The runner will be at the start point at 8 mins, 16 mins, 24 mins, … i.e.
multiples of 8.

Applications of LCM:

Finding numbers that on being divided by a, b, c, … leave given remainders

Case 1: When remainders is same in all divisions
E.g 17: Find the numbers that when divided by 6 and 8 leave a remainder of 5 in
each case.

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Sol: Let us write multiples of numbers 6 and 8.

 For 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48…. and

 For 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48….etc
 There are some multiples which are common for both i.e. 6 and 8. Common
multiples for 6 and 8 are 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 or we can also write them as 24,
2  24, 3  24, 4  24…etc. So common multiples are in the form of k  24, where k
is an integer = 1, 2,3…etc
 Here, 24 is the first (least) common multiple. L.C.M means least common
multiple, a common multiple which occurs first, i.e. 24. Common multiples are
in the form of k  LCM.
 But when the numbers are divided by 6 and 8, remainders must be 5 in all the
cases, so Numbers are 24 + 5 = 29; 48 + 5 = 53; 72 + 5 = 77;…..

Note:
 Any number which when divided by 2 or more numbers leaving same remainder
r in each case in the form of (LCM of those numbers)  k + r, where k is
0,1,2,3,…etc.

Case 2:
 When the difference between divisors and respective remainders is a constant

E.g 18:
 Find the smallest number which when divided by 5 or 8, gives reminders of 3
and 6 respectively?

Sol:

 Here remainders are different. But the difference between divisors and their
remainders is same in each case,  5  3  2  8  6 . So answer for above problem is
40 – 2 = 38.

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Any number which when divided by a and b, gives remainders of c and d, where a – c
= b – d = constant difference = (say) r, will be in the form of LCM of those numbers) x k
– r, where k = 1, 2, 3…etc. (same approach for when more than 2 numbers involved.)
40 multiples are 40, 80, 120, 160, 200…..

The numbers which satisfy above conditions are 40 – 2 = 38; 80 – 2 = 78; 120 – 2
=118; so on.

Questions on HCF & LCM

Important points:

1. For two numbers (only) …… Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

2. If one number is factor of another number, then HCF is smaller & LCM is larger
number
3. For any set of numbers, the HCF has to be a factor of the LCM
4. The HCF of a set of numbers is equal to or less than the least number of the set.
The LCM of a set of numbers is equal to or greater than the greatest number of
the set.
HCF being the smallest and LCM being the largest: Whenever all the numbers
of the set are multiples of the smallest number in the set & Whenever all the
numbers of a set are factors of the largest number in the set
5. LCM of fractions = (LCM of numerators)/ (HCF of denominators)
HCF of fractions = (HCF of numerators)/ (LCM of denominators)

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
H.C.F based questions

1. Find H.C.F. of following:

(i) 36, 48
(ii) 70, 105, 175
(iii) 240, 480, 2340, 2400
(iv) p  220  36  510 & q  45  38  7 2
(v) 16 & 48
(vi) HCF of 20!& 30!
2 4 6
(vii) , and
3 5 7

2. Two numbers are in the ratio 3: 4 and their HCF is 3, Find the numbers?
(a) 3, 4 (b) 9, 12 (c) 12, 16 (d) 24, 32

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
3. The sides of hexagonal field are 216, 423, 1215, 1422, 2169 and 2223 meters. Find
the greatest length of the tape that can measure all the side exactly?
(a) 54 (b) 27 (c) 18 (d) 9

4. Sum of two numbers x, y = 2040. What is the maximum value of the HCF between
x and y?
(a) 650 (b) 1800 (c) 712 (d) 1020

5. Find the largest number with which when 38 and 51 are divided gives remainders
of 2 and 3 respectively?
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 24 (d) 12

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6. There are 315 and 420 students. What is the minimum number of rooms required
such that all the rooms have equal number of students?
(a) 105 (b) 35 (c) 7 (d) None

7. Three gold coins of weight 780gm, 840gm and 960gm are cut into small pieces, all
of which have the equal weight. Each piece must be heavy as possible. If one such
piece is shared by two persons, then how many persons are needed to give all the
pieces of gold coins?
(a) 43 (b) 72 (c) 100 (d) 86

8. If HCF of two numbers is 16 and numbers product is 7168 then find how many
numbers are possible for such type?
(a) 1 pair (b) 2 pairs (c) 3 pairs (d) 4 pairs

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LCM Based Questions

9. Find LCM of following numbers

(i) 2.5, 0.5 and 0.175?
(ii) 2/3, 4/8 & 6/12
(iii) p  220  36  510 & q  45  38  7 2
(iv) 5/6, 8/9, 12/15
(v) 16 & 48
(vi) LCM of 20!& 30!

10. If the students of 9th class are arranged in rows of 6, 8, 12 or 16, no student is left
behind. Then the possible number of students in the class is?
(a) 60 (b) 72 (c) 80 (d) 96

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11. How many values are possible for b if a = 28 & b, LCM is 68.
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) None

12. On Ashok Nagar Marg three consecutive traffic lights change after 36, 42 and 72
seconds respectively. If the lights are first switched on at 9:00 A.M. sharp, at what
time will they change simultaneously?
(a) 9 : 08 : 04 (b) 9 : 08 : 24 (c) 9 : 08 : 44 (d) None

13. Bells toll together at 9:00 A.M. They toll after 7, 8, 11 and 12 seconds respectively.
How many times will they toll together again in the next 3 hours?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

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14. Find the smallest number which when divided by 5 or 6, leaves a remainder of 2 in
each case
(i) Least number
(ii) Least 3 digit number
(iii)Largest 3 digit number
(iv)Least 4 digit number
(v) Largest four digit number

15. Find the numbers which when divided by 5 or 8, gives reminders of 3 and 6
respectively?
(i) Least number
(ii) Least 3 digit number
(iii)Largest 3 digit number
(iv)Least 4 digit number
(v) Largest four digit number

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
Questions are based on LCM and HCF

16. L.C.M of two numbers is 2079 and their H.C.F is 27. If one of the numbers is 189,
the other number is:
(a) 189 (b) 216 (c) 297 (d) 584

17. Two numbers are in the ratio 3: 4 and their HCF is 3, their LCM is:
(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 30 (d) None

18. If LCM of (x, y, z) = (x) (y) (z), then HCF of (y, z):
(a) x (b) yz (c) 1 (d) Cannot say

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19. If the sum of two numbers is 55 and the H.C.F. and L.C.M. of these numbers are 5
and 120 respectively, then the sum of the reciprocals of the numbers is equal to:
(a) 55/601 (b) 11/120 (c) 12/601 (d) 605

20. If HCF and LCM of two numbers are 17 and 408. How many numbers are possible
for such type?
(a) 1 pair (b) 2 pairs (c) 3 pairs (d) 4 pairs

21. Consider those between 300 and 400 such that when each number is divided by 6,
9 & 12, it leaves 0 as remainder in each case. What is the sum of those numbers?
(a) 680 (b) 1080 (c) 1092 (d) 692

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22. Consider those between 300 and 400 such that when each number is divided by 6,
9 & 12, it leaves 4 as remainder in each case. What is the sum of those numbers?
(a) 680 (b) 1080 (c) 1092 (d) 692

Miscellaneous Concepts

Converting Recurring number to a p/q form

E.g. 19:
 Convert 0.4444...... to a p/q form.
 Let a = 0.4444…… ∴ 10a = 4.4444……
 Subtracting, 9a = 4 ∴ a = 4/9 (a p/q form)

E.g. 20:
 Convert 0.1212...... to a p/q form.
 Let b = 0.1212…… ∴ 100b = 12.1212……
 Subtracting, 99b = 12 ∴ b = 12/99 (a p/q form)

Note:

 We can generalise the above result as follows:

 Purely recurring number = Set of digits that recur written once/ as many 9s as
number of digits that recur

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E.g. 21:
 Convert 0.1333...... to a p/q form
 Let a = 0.1333……
 ∴ 10a = 1.3333… Also, 100a = 13.333… Subtracting, 90a = 13 – 1
 a = 12/90 = 2/15

E.g. 22:
 Convert 0.10333...... to a p/q form
 Let b = 0.10333……
 ∴ 100b = 10.333… Also 1000b = 103.333…
 Subtracting, 900b = 103 – 10 & b = 93/900

E.g. 23:
 Convert 0.15757...... to a p/q form
 Let c = 0.15757…
 ∴ 10c = 1.5757… Also 1000c = 157.5757…
 Subtracting, 990c = 157 – 1 ∴ c = 156/990 = 26/165

Note:
15  1 163  16 132  1 131
From the above examples, 0.15  ; 0.163  ; 0.132  
90 900 990 900
We can generalise as:
 Recurring Number = Non-recurring & set of recurring digits written once non –
 recurring digits/As many 9s as number of recurring digits, followed by as many
0s as
 number of non-recurring Digits

Counting the number of digits in pages

 Number of single-digit natural numbers: 1- 9 = 9

 Number of two-digit natural numbers: 10- 99 = 90
 Number of three-digit natural numbers: 100- 999 = 900

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E.g 24:
If a book has 252 pages, how many digits have been used to number the pages?

Sol:
 From page number 1 to page number 9, we will use 1 digit per page ⇒ digits
used = 9.
 From page number 10 to page number 99, we will use 2 digits per page ⇒ digits
used = 2 × 90 = 180. From page number 100 to page number 252, we will use 3
digits per page ⇒ digits used = 3 × 153 = 459. Therefore, total number of digits
used = 9 + 180 + 459 = 648

Recurring numbers conversion

23. Convert the following recurring numbers into p/q form

i. 0.555......
ii. 0.151515....
iii. 0.144444....
iv. 0.10444...
v. 0.1232323....
vi. 0.123
vii. 0.0123

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24. The value of 0.2  0.3  0.9  0.39 =?
(a) 0.57 (b) None (c) 2(13/39) (d) 2(13/33)

25. 0.63  0.37  ?

(a) 1 (b) 100/99 (c) 99/100 (d) 100/33

Counting the numbers

26. Find the number of even numbers between 102 and 252 if:
1. Both the ends included
(a) 76 (b) 75 (c) 74 (d) None

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2. Only one end is included
(a) 76 (b) 75 (c) 74 (d) None

3. Neither end is included

(a) 76 (b) 75 (c) 74 (d) None

27. Find the number of even numbers between 101 and 253 if:
1. Both the ends included
(a) 76 (b) 75 (c) 74 (d) None

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2. Only one end is included
(a) 76 (b) 75 (c) 74 (d) None

3. Neither end is included

(a) 76 (b) 75 (c) 74 (d) None

28. Find the number of numbers from 1 to 100 which are not divisible by 2.
(a) 51 (b) 50 (c) 49 (d) 48

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29. Find the number of numbers from 1 to 100 which are not divisible by any one of 2
& 3.
(a) 16 (b) 17 (c) 18 (d) 33

30. Find the number of numbers from 1 to 100 which are not divisible by any one of 2,
3 and 5.
(a) 26 (b) 27 (c) 29 (d) 32

31. How many numbers between 1 and 1200, both included, are not divisible by any of
the numbers 2, 3 and 5?
(a) 880 (b) 760 (c) 440 (d) 320

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32. If a book has 200 pages, how many digits have been used to number the pages?
(a) 444 (b) 492 (c) 450 (d) 448

33. If a book has 252 pages, how many digits have been used to number the pages?
(a) 644 (b) 642 (c) 650 (d) 648

34. What is the number of nines used in numbering a 453 page book?
(a) 86 (b) 87 (c) 84 (d) 85

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35. How many numbers from 283 to 839 have the digit 7?
(a) 120 (b) 173 (c) 182 (d) 154

36. A person starts writes all four digit natural numbers. How many times has he
written the digit 2?
(a) 3700 (b) 4732 (c) 3200 (d) 4400

Practice Set

1. Every prime number greater than 3 if divided by 6 then remainder will be:
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 1 or 5 (d) both

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2. In four consecutive prime numbers, there are in ascending order, product of first
three is 385, and that of last three is 1001. The largest given prime number is?
(a) 11 (b) 17 (c) 13 (d) 19

3. Which of the following is not true about Co-prime numbers

(a) Two Consecutive numbers always Co-prime
(b) Two Consecutive odd numbers always Co-prime
(c) Two Prime numbers always Co-prime
(d) One Prime and One Composite number are always Co-prime

4. Find the value of M and N respectively if M39048458Nis divisible by 11 and 8,

where M and N are integers?
(a) 7, 8 (b) 8, 6 (c) 6, 4 (d) 5, 4

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5. If a number is divisible by both 11 and 13, then it must be necessarily :
(a) divisible by (11+13) (b) divisible by (13-11)
(c) divisible by (11×13) (d) 429

6. If a number is divided by a divisor remainder is 24, if twice of the number is

divided by same divisor remainder will be 11. Find the divisor?
(a) 25 (b) 31 (c) 37 (d) 32

7. Two numbers 79 and 54 are divided by a number n leaves the same remainder.
Find the value of n?
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 25 (d) both B and C

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8. Two numbers 4794 and 3378 are divided by a number n leaves the same
remainder. Find the value of n?
(a) 472 (b) 365 (c) 452 (d) None

9. Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 10, while when the digits are reversed,
number decreases by 54. Find the changed number?
(a) 28 (b) 19 (c) 82 (d) 46

10. When 75% of a two-digit number is added to it, the digits of the number are
reversed. Find the ratio of the unit's digit to the ten's digit in the original number
(a) 1: 2 (b) 2: 1 (c) 1: 6 (d) 3: 2

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11. Find the least square number which is divisible by 6, 8 and 15
(a) 2500 (b) 3600 (c) 4900 (d) 4500

12. For which integer n is 28 + 211 + 2n is a perfect square?

(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12

13. Find the least number by which 30492 must be multiplied or divided so as to make
it a perfect square.
(a) 11 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 2

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14. Find the least positive integer with which 8640 must be multiplied with in order to
obtain a number which is a perfect cube:
(a) 40 (b) 25 (c) 200 (d) 125

Find the Units in following

15. 15+25+ 35+…….+1005 =?

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 0

16. 111 x 122 x 133 x 144 x 155 x 166 =?

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 0

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Find the number of zeros in

17. 220  420  560  2525 1680

(a) 100 (b) 380 (c) 110 (d) None

18. 1  2  3 ...10 Find no. of zeros?

1! 2! 3! 10!

(a) 5! 10! (b) 5! 9! (c) 5! 10 (d) 5! 10!

19. Find the remainder if 1989 x1990 x19923 divided by 7.

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 2

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20. Find the Remainder when 256 is divided by 7?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 4

21. Find the remainder if (799+2) is divided by 6, the remainder is:

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

22. Two equilateral triangles have the sides of lengths 102 and 51 respectively.
(i) The greatest length of tape that can measure both of them exactly is.

(a) 102 (b) 17 (c) 51 (d) 34

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(ii) How many such equal parts can be measured?
(a) 17 (b) 11 (c) 6 (d) 9

23. What is the minimum number of square marbles required to tile a floor of length 5
meters 78 cm and width 3 meters 74 cm?
(a) 176 (b) 187 (c) 540 (d) 748

24. What is the greatest number that divides 250, 700 & 1000 gives same remainder in
each case?
(a) 50 (b) 100 (c) 150 (d) 120

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25. How many pairs of positive integers x, y exist such that HCF of x, y = 35 and sum
of x and y is 1085?
(a) 35 pair (b) 16 pairs (c) 15 pairs (d) None

26. Find the area bottom of smallest square which can be formed with tiles of
dimensions 7x 5 cm?
(a) 125 (b) 35 (c) 1225 (d) None
And also find how many tiles we used here?

27. If HCF and LCM of two numbers are 5 and 495. If sum of both numbers is 100 find
the difference between them.
(a) 20 (b) 35 (c) 10 (d) None

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28. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 12 and 144 respectively. If one of the
numbers is 36, 150% percentage of the other number is
(a) 4 (b) 48 (c) 72 (d) 432

29. The H.C.F of two numbers, each having three digits, is 17 and their L.C.M. is 714.
The sum of the numbers will be:
(a) 221 (b) 119 (c) 104 (d) 237

30. If a book has 366 pages, how many digits have been used to number the pages?
(a) 944 (b) 921 (c) 990 (d) 948

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31. If you write 1st 252 natural numbers in a straight line, how many times do you
write the digit 4?
(a) 20 (b) 33 (c) 55 (d) 54

32. Which of the following is greatest?

(a) 0.9 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.09 (d) 0.09

33. Find the number of numbers between 301 and 400 (both included), that are not
divisible by 3.
(a) 68 (b) 65 (c) 66 (d) 67

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34. In a three digit number the sum of the digits is 13. The tens digit is one less than
the units digit. Which of the following numbers cannot be a digit in the hundreds
place?
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 6

UPSC PYQS

1. Consider all 3-digit numbers (without repetition of digits) obtained using three
non-zero digits which are multiples of 3. Let S be their sum.
Which of the following is/are correct?
1. S is always divisible by 74
2. S is always divisible by 9

Select the correct answer using the code given below. (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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2. Integers are listed from 700 to 1000. In how many integers is the sum of the digits
10 ? (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9

3. If 32019 is divided by 10, then what is the remainder ? (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9

4. The number 3798125P369 is divisible by 7. What is the value of the digit P? (UPSC
CSAT 2021)
(a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
5. Joseph visits the club on every 5th day, Harsh visits on every 24th day, while Sumit
visits on every 9th day. If all three of them met at the club on a Sunday, then on
which day will all three of them meet again? (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) Monday (b) Wednesday
(c) Thursday (d) Sunday

6. The difference between a 2-digit number and the number obtained by

interchanging the number obtained by interchanging the positions of the digits is
54. Consider the following statements:
1. The sum of the two digits of the number can be determined only if the
product of the two digits is known.
2. The difference between the two digits of the number can be determined.

Which of the above statements is/are correct? (UPSC CSAT 2021)

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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7. When a certain number is multiplied by 7, the product entirely comprises ones
only (1111…). What is the smallest such number? (UPSC CSAT 2021)

(a) 15713 (b) 15723

(c) 15783 (d) 15873

8. Consider the following statements:

1. The sum of 5 consecutive integers can be 100.
2. The product of three consecutive natural numbers can be equal to their sum.

Which of the above statements is/are correct? (UPSC CSAT 2021)

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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9. Consider the following multiplication problem:
(PQ)  3 = RQQ, where P, Q and R are different digits and R  0.
What is the value of (P + R)  Q ? (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 5 (d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data

10. How many zeroes are there at the end of the following product? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
1 x 5 x 10 x 15 x 20 x 25 x 30 x 35 x 40 x 45 x 50 x 55 x 60
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 15

11. Let XYZ be a three-digit number, where (X+Y+Z) is not a multiple of 3. Then
(XYZ+YZX+ZXY) is not divisible by? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 37 (d) (X+Y+Z)

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12. Let p, q, r and s be natural numbers such that p-2016 = q+2017 = r-2018 =
s+2019 Which one of the following is the largest natural number? (UPSC CSAT
2020)
(a) p (b) q (c) r (d) s

13. If you have two straight sticks of length 7.5 feet and 3.25 feet, what is the
minimum length can you measure? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 0.05 foot (b) 0.25 foot (c) 1 foot (d) 3.25 foot

14. One page is torn from a booklet whose pages are numbered in the usual manner
starting from the first page as 1. The sum of the numbers on the remaining pages
is 195. The torn page contains which of the following numbers? (UPSC CSAT
2020)
(a) 5, 6 (b) 7, 8 (c) 9, 10 (d) 11, 12

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15. Let A3BC and DE2F be four-digit numbers where each letter represents a different
digit greater then 3. If the sum of the numbers is 15902, then what is the
difference between the values of A and D? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

16. Two Statements S1 and S2 are given below followed by a Question:

S1: n is a prime number.
S2: n leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 4.
Question: If n is a unique natural number between 10 and 20, then what is n?
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Statements and the
Question? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) S1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question.
(b) S2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question.
(c) S1 and S2 together are sufficient to answer the Question, but neither S1 alone
nor S2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question.
(d) S1 and S2 together are not sufficient to answer the Question.

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17. Two Statements S1 and S2 are given below with regard to two numbers followed by
a Question:
S1: Their product is 21.
S2: Their sum is 10.

Question: What are the two numbers?

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Statements and the
Question? (UPSC CSAT 2020)

(a) S1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question.

(b)S2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question.
(c) S1 and S2 together are sufficient to answer the Question, but neither S1 alone
nor S2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question.
(d)S1 and S2 together are not sufficient to answer the Question.

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18. Two Statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Statements:
All numbers are divisible by 2.
All numbers are divisible by 3.
Conclusion-I: All numbers are divisible by 6.
Conclusion-II: All numbers are divisible by 4.
Which of the above Conclusions logically follows/follow from the two given
Statements? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) Only Conclusion-I
(b) Only Conclusion-II
(c) Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II
(d) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II

19. How many integers are there between 1 and 100 which have 4 as a digit but are
not divisible by 4 as a digit but are not divisible by 4? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 5 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 13

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20. What is the greatest length x such that 3(1/2) m and 8(3/4) m are integral
multiples of x? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
1 1 1 3
(a) 1 m (b) 1 m (c) 1 m (d) 1 m
2 3 4 4

21. The recurring decimal representation 1.272727… is equivalent to? (UPSC CSAT
2020)
(a) 13/11 (b) 14/11 (c) 127/99 (d) 137/99

22. What is the least four-digit number when divided by 3, 4, 5 and 6 leaves a
remainder 2 in each case? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 1012 (b) 1022 (c) 1122 (d) 1222

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23. What is the remainder when 51 x 27 x 35 x 62 x 75 is divided by 100? (UPSC
CSAT 2020)
(a) 50 (b) 25 (c) 5 (d) 1

24. For what value of n, the sum of digits in the number 10n  1 is 2? (UPSC CSAT

2020)
(a) For n = 0 only (b) For any whole number n
(c) For any positive integer n only (d) For any real number n

25. How many pairs of natural numbers are there such that the difference of whose
square is 63? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 2

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26. Which one of the following will have minimum change in its value if 5 is added to
both numerator and the denominator of the fractions 2/3, 3/4, 4/5 and 5/6?
(UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/4 (c) 4/5 (d) 5/6

27. A digit n>3 is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 6. Which one of the following is
divisible by 4? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) 2n (b) 3n (c) 2n + 4 (d) 3n + 1

28. Seeta and Geeta go for a swim after a gap of every 2 days and every 3 days,
respectively. If on 1st January both of them went for a swim together, when will
they go together next? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 7th January (b) 8th January (c) 12th January (d) 13th January

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
29. An 8-digit number 4252746B leaves remainder 0 when divided by 3. How many
values of B are possible? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6

30. A printer numbers the pages of a book starting with 1and uses 3089 digits in all.
How many pages does the book have? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 1040 (b) 1048 (c) 1049 (d) 1050

31. Consider two statements S1 and S2 followed by a question.

S1: p and q both are prime numbers. S2: p + q is an odd integer.
Question: is pq an odd integer?
Which one of the following is correct? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) S1 alone is sufficient to answer the question
(b) S2 alone is sufficient to answer the question.
(c) Both S1 and S2 taken together are not sufficient to answer the question
(d) Both S1 and S2 are necessary to answer the question

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
32. Number 136 is added to 5B7 and the sum obtained is 7A3, where A and B are
integers. It is given that 7A3 is exactly divisible by 3. The only possible value of B
is?(UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 8

33. The number of times the digit 5 will appear while writing the integers from 1 to
1000 is (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 269 (b) 271 (c) 300 (d) 302

34. In a school, every student is assigned a unique identification number. A student is

a football player. If and only if the identification number is divisible by 4, whereas a
student is a cricketer if and only if the identification number is divisible by 6. If
every number from 1 to 100 is assigned to 3 student, then how many of them play
cricket as well as football? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 12

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
35. The ratio of a two-digit natural number to a number formed by reversing its digits
is 4 : 7. The number of such pairs is? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2

36. X and Y are natural numbers other than 1, and Y is greater than X. Which of the
following represents the largest number? (UPSC CSAT 2018)
X Y (X Y)
(a) XY (b) (c) (d)
Y X XY

37. If x – y = 8, then which of the following must be true?

1) Both x and y must be positive for any value of x and y.
2) If x is positive, y must be negative for any value of x and y.
3) If x is negative, y must be positive for any value of x and y.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (UPSC CSAT 2018)
(a) only 1 (b) only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 nor 3

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38. A number consists of three digits of which the middle on is zero and their sum is 4.
If the number formed by interchanging the first and last digits is greater than the
number itself by 198, tehn the difference between the first and last digits is? (UPSC
CSAT 2018)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

39. While writing all the numbers from 700 to 1000. How many numbers occur in
which the digit at hundredth’s place is greater than the digit at tenth’s place, and
the digit at tenth’s place is greater than the digit at unit’s place? (UPSC CSAT
2018)
(a) 61 (b) 64 (c) 85 (d) 91

40. Three persons start walking together and their steps measure 40 cm, 42 cm and
45 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each
can cover the same distance in complete steps ? (UPSC CSAT 2018)
(a) 25 m 20 cm (b) 50 m 40 cm (c) 75 m 60 cm (d) 100 m 80 cm

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
41. what is the total number of digits printed, if a book containing 150 pages is to be
numbered from 1 to 150 (UPSC CSAT 2017)
(a) 262 (b) 342 (c) 360 (d) 450

42. There are certain 2-digit numbers. The difference between the number and the one
obtained on reversing it is always 27. How many such maximum 2-digit numbers
are there? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) None of the above

43. A 2-digit number is reversed. The larger of the two numbers is divided by the
smaller one. What is the largest possible remainder (UPSC CSAT 2017)
(a) 9 (b) 27 (c) 36 (d) 45

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 GURU DEEKSHAA ACADEMY
44. The age of Mr. X last year was the square of a number and it would be the cube of
a number next year. What is the least number of years he must wait for his age to
become the cube of a number again? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
(a) 42 (b) 38 (c) 25 (d) 16

45. How many numbers are there between 99 and 1000 such that the digit 8 occupies
the units place? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
(a) 64 (b) 80 (c) 90 (d) 104

46. Certain 3-digit numbers have the following characteristics: (UPSC CSAT 2017)
1. All the three digits are different.
2. The number is divisible by 7.
3. The number on reversing the digits is also divisible by 7.
How many such 3-digit numbers are there?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 3

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47. A class starts at 11:00 am and lasts till 2:27 pm. Four periods of equal duration
are held during this interval. After every period, a rest of 5 minutes is given to the
students. The exact duration of each period is: (UPSC CSAT 2016)
(a) 48 minutes (b) 50 minutes (c) 51 minutes (d) 53 minutes

48. How many numbers are there between 100 and 300 which either begin with or end
with 2? (UPSC CSAT 2016)
(a) 110 (b) 111 (c) 112 (d) None

49. If R and S are different integers both divisible by 5, then which of the following is
not necessarily true? (UPSC CSAT 2016)
(a) R – S is divisible by 5 (b) R + S is divisible by 10
(c) R × S is divisible by 25 (d) R2 + S2 is divisible by 5

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50. A bell rings every 18 minutes. A second bell rings every 24 minutes. A third bell
rings every 32 minutes. If all the three bells ring at the same time at 8 o'clock in
the morning, at what other time will they all ring together? (UPSC CSAT 2014)
(a) 12 : 40 hrs (b) 12 : 48 hrs (c) 12 : 56 hrs (d) 13 : 04 hrs

51. Five persons fire bullets at a target at an interval of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 seconds

respectively. The number of times they would fire the bullets together at the target
in an hour is (UPSC CSAT 2014)
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9

52. A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant them in such a way that the
number of rows and the number of columns remains the same. What is the
minimum number of plants that he needs more for this purpose? (UPSC CSAT
2013)
(a) 14 (b) 24 (c) 32 (d) 34

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