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Code Switching

The document discusses code switching, which is the practice of alternating between languages or language varieties during communication, often for reasons such as respect, topic change, or the presence of others. It distinguishes between situational code switching, which occurs with changes in topics or participants, and metaphorical code switching, which adds meaning within a single setting. Additionally, it contrasts code switching with code mixing, highlighting their different functions and implications in language use.

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5 views3 pages

Code Switching

The document discusses code switching, which is the practice of alternating between languages or language varieties during communication, often for reasons such as respect, topic change, or the presence of others. It distinguishes between situational code switching, which occurs with changes in topics or participants, and metaphorical code switching, which adds meaning within a single setting. Additionally, it contrasts code switching with code mixing, highlighting their different functions and implications in language use.

Uploaded by

hidayyat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Code Switching

In communication, especially in speaking, a speaker


may switch from one language to another, or from a
certain variety to another variety of the same
language. There are reasons for doing so, among
others are:

1.Giving respect
When I am talking with my brother using
Indonesian language, suddenly my father
comes to us. I directly switch from
Indonesian Javanese to respect my
father.
2.Changing the topic
I and my students are talking in
Indonesian, talking about daily life, then
our topic changes to Linguistics. We
suddenly use English for this purpose.
3.The presence of the third person
I and my brother are talking in Javanese,
but suddenly a friend from Sumatra
comes. We switch to Bahasa Indonesia for
our chat.
4.Winning the deal
I am speaking with you in Bahasa
Indonesia. Then we go to Bringharjo
market. There I switch to Javanese to
bargain things. By using Javanese I hope I
can buy things with lower prices.
5.Changing situation.
I am talking with you outside the
classroom in Bahasa Indonesia, Then, we
come to our classroom. We switch to
English for having a formal class.

Kinds of Code Switching

1. Situational Code Switching occurs when the


language change accompanies a change of topics
or participants.

2. Metaphorical Code Switching occurs within a single


setting, but adds meaning to such components as
the role-relationship which are being expressed.
Exercise:

1. What is the difference between code mixing and code


switching?
Answer :
1. Mixing Code
Code mixing is another phenomenon that is closely related to code switching.
Usually occurs when fluent in both languages simultaneously, switching between
the two languages to the extent that they change from one tongue to another in
one speech. Code mixing
takes place without changing the topic and can involve various levels of language
such as phonology, morphology, grammatical structures or lexical items.
We cannot avoid that the first language has a big influence on the second.
Interaction and mixing between languages results in multiple languages. Most of
the people in society mix their language with other languages by borrowing or
using foreign language pieces, even sometimes they are still influenced by the
first language.
Kachru at Nusjam defines code mixing as a term that refers to the use of one or
more languages for the consistent transfer of linguistic units from one language
to another, and by such language mixtures developing new linguistic codes that
are limited or not so limited in interaction.

2. Code Switching
Like teachers, students are not always aware of the reasons for code switching
as well as its functions and results. Though they may unconsciously do the code
switch, it clearly served some function either advantageously or not. Eldridge
named this serves as: equality, floor containment, repetition, and conflict control.
The first function of the student code switch is equality. In this case, students
create use of the original equivalent of certain lexical items in the target language
or sometimes they are don't know how to say in the second language, so their
code switches to their mother tongue.

This process may correlate with a lack of linguistic competence in the target
language, which leads the student to use original lexical items when he or she
does not have competency to use target language descriptions for specific lexical
items. So "Equality" serves as a defense mechanism for students because it
provides students opportunities to continue communication by bridging the gaps
caused by foreign languages inability.

2. Your instructor often switches from Indonesian to


English, or vice versa. Why does he/she do that?
- Answer :

(Write down your answers and saved them to be collected


later.)

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