FORM NO. F/ TL / 024 Rev.00 Date 20.03.

2020

SOLAR GRASS CUTTING MACHINE

PROJECT

submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By

Praveen.v 221131101016
Riffan.s 221131101614
Lokesh.s 221131101012
Akash.G 221131101665

Under the Guidance of

Dr. A.SENGOLE RAYAN

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Dr. M.G.R.
Educational and Research Institute
UNIVERSITY
(Decl. u/s.3 of UGC Act 1956)
E.V.R. Periyar High Road, Maduravoyal
CHENNAI - 600 095

APRIL 2025
DECLARATION

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We, PRAVEEN.V (221131101016), RIFFAN.S(221131101614),LOKESH.S(221131101012),

AKASH.G(221131101665) hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “SOLAR GRASS
CUTTING MACHINE”is done by us under the guidance of Dr. A.SENGOLE RAYAN and is
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree in BACHELOR
OF TECHNOLOGY in Mechanical Engineering.

1.
2.
DATE: 3.
4.
PLACE:

SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATES

1. PRAVEEN.V
2. RIFFAN. S
3. LOKESH.S
4. AKASH. G

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project Report is the Bonafide work of PRAVEEN.V
(221131101016), RIFFAN.S (221131101614), LOKESH.S(221131101012), AKASH.G
(221131101665), who carried out the Project Phase - II entitled “solar grass cutting
machine” under our supervision from December 2024 to April 2025.

Internal Guide Head of the Department

(DR.A.SENGOLE RAYAN) (DR. A. MANOJBABU)

Submitted for Viva Voice Examination held on_________________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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We are pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to Board of Management of

“DR.M.G. R EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE” their kind encouragement
in doing this project and for completing it successfully.
WE ARE GREAT FULL TO THEM. WE CONVEY OUR THANKS TO CHANCELLOR. THIRU
A.C SHANMUGAM, B.A., B.L. PRESIDENT, ER. A.C.S. ARUNKUMAR, B.E., SECONDARY,
THIRU. A. RAVIKUMAR, VICE CHANCELLOR, DR. S. GEETHALAKSHMI. FOLLOWED BY HOD
PROF. DR. A. MANOJBABU FOR PROVIDING ME NECESSARY SUPPORT AND DETAILS AT THE
RIGHT TIME DURING THE PROGRESSIVE REVIEWS.

We would like to express our sincere and deep sense of gratitude to our Project
Guide DR.A.SENGOLE RAYAN for his valuable guidance, suggestions and constant
encouragement paved way for the successful completion of our project work.
We wish to express our thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff members of
the Department of Mechanical Engineering who were helpful in many ways for the
completion of the project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Chapte Title Page No.

r No.

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Declaration iii

Bonafide certificate iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of contents vi

List of figures viii

Abstract ix

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Challenge of Bedsore 1

1.2 Limitations of Current Prevention Methods 2

1.3 Need of Technological Innovation 3

1.4 Project Overview 4

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction 6

2.1. Pathophysiology Of Pressure Ulcers 7

2.2. Risk Assessment & Clinical Guidelines 9

2.3. Conventional Prevention Methods 12

2.4. Dynamic and Support Surfaces 15

2.5. MotionBased Beds & Mechanical Solutions 18

2.6. SensorDriven Smart Beds & Automation 21

2.7. ServoMotor Integration & Mechatronics 24

2.8. Gaps, Synthesis, and Prototype Justification 27

2.9. Conclusion 30

3 AIM AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION 12

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3.1 Aim of The Investigation 13

3.2 Scope of The Investigation 14

3.3 Conclusion of Scope 15

4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHODOLOGY 16

4.1 Objective of The Experiment 17

4.2 Prototype Setup 18

4.3 Methodology 19

4.4 Observational Parameters 20

4.5 Experimental Results (Preliminary) 21

4.6 Limitations of The Method

5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22

5.1 Observed Prototype Performance 23

5.2 Discussion 24

5.3 Performance Analysis Summary 25

5.4 User Experience and Practicality (Hypothetical) 26

6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 27

6.1 Summary 28

6.2 Conclusion 29

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure No. Title Page No.

4.1 Servo motor 37
5.1 Arduino Uno 38

LIST OF TABLES

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Table No. Title Page No.

4.1 Materials used 12
6.1 Recorded data 20

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ABSTRACT

Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, represent a serious and
persistent challenge in modern healthcare, especially among patients who are
bedridden or have restricted mobility due to injury, illness, or post-operative recovery.
These ulcers result from sustained pressure on specific areas of the body, leading to
reduced blood circulation, tissue ischemia, and eventual skin and muscle breakdown.
Despite advances in medical care, the incidence of bedsores remains high in hospitals,
nursing homes, and home care settings, leading to prolonged recovery times, increased
healthcare costs, and significant patient discomfort and morbidity.

Conventional prevention strategies—including frequent manual repositioning, use of air

mattresses, foam cushions, and pressure-relieving overlays—suffer from several
limitations. They are often labour-intensive, inconsistently applied, costly, and disruptive
to patient rest. Moreover, many of these solutions lack real-time responsiveness and fail
to adequately simulate the natural, subconscious body movements that typically prevent
pressure buildup during regular sleep.

This project introduces a novel solution: a Blood Circulating Bed prototype designed to
automate and enhance bedsore prevention through intelligent mechanical motion. The
system employs a multi-axis repositioning mechanism, where linear actuators gently

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control pitch (head-to-toe tilting), roll (side-to-side tilting), and vertical pulsation of the
mattress in a rhythmic cycle. These coordinated movements effectively shift pressure
zones across the body, mimicking the benefits of natural motion and improving localized
blood flow without requiring human intervention.

The prototype consists of a segmented mattress platform built on a strong mechanical

frame, with actuators managed by a microcontroller-based control system that
ensures safe and smooth transitions. Experimental validation was conducted under
simulated loading conditions, where the system demonstrated reliable motion execution,
structural stability, and visible pressure redistribution effects. Though qualitative in
nature, the tests confirmed that no single point remained under constant pressure—an
essential requirement in pressure ulcer prevention.

From a performance perspective, the prototype offers significant benefits: reduced

caregiver workload, minimal energy consumption, low cost of production, and ease of
integration in diverse care environments. Compared to high-end commercial systems
like alternating air mattresses, this prototype represents a cost-effective and scalable
alternative, especially suited for under-resourced hospitals and home healthcare
applications.

In conclusion, the Blood Circulating Bed prototype serves as a proof of concept for an
intelligent and affordable technology aimed at addressing a widespread clinical issue.
With future integration of sensor feedback systems, real-time monitoring, and advanced
control algorithms, this system has the potential to revolutionize bedsore prevention
strategies and significantly improve patient care outcomes

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