Java 8 and General Java Concepts
1. What are the important features of Java 8 release?
• Lambda Expressions
• Streams API
• Functional Interfaces
• Default & Static Methods in Interfaces
• New Date and Time API
• Optional Class
2. What do you mean by platform independence of Java?
• Java code is compiled into bytecode, which runs on any system with a JVM.
3. What is JVM and is it platform independent?
• JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine that executes Java bytecode. JVM itself is
platform-dependent, but Java bytecode is platform-independent.
4. What is the difference between JDK and JVM?
• JDK (Java Development Kit): Includes JRE + compilers + development tools.
• JVM (Java Virtual Machine): Executes bytecode, part of JRE.
5. What is the difference between JVM and JRE?
• JVM: Runs Java programs.
• JRE (Java Runtime Environment): Includes JVM + standard libraries.
Java Object-Oriented Concepts
6. Which class is the superclass of all classes?
• java.lang.Object
7. Why Java doesn’t support multiple inheritance?
• To avoid ambiguity and maintain simplicity. Java supports multiple inheritance via interfaces.
8. Why Java is not a pure Object-Oriented language?
• Java includes primitive data types (int, char, etc.), making it not 100% object-oriented.
9. What is the difference between path and classpath variables?
• Path: Used for locating executables (javac, java).
• Classpath: Used for locating Java class files.
Java Methods and Overloading
10. What is the importance of the main method in Java?
• It is the entry point of a Java program: public static void main(String[] args)
11. What is overloading and overriding in Java?
• Overloading: Same method name, different parameters (compile-time polymorphism).
• Overriding: Redefining superclass methods in a subclass (runtime polymorphism).
12. Can we overload the main method?
• Yes, but the JVM calls only public static void main(String[] args).
13. Can we have multiple public classes in a Java source file?
• No, only one public class per .java file.
Java Packages and Modifiers
14. What is a Java Package and which package is imported by default?
• A package is a namespace that groups related classes.
• java.lang is imported by default.
15. What are access modifiers?
• private, default, protected, public
16. What is the final keyword?
• Used to define constants, prevent method overriding, and prevent inheritance.
17. What is the static keyword?
• Used for variables, methods, blocks, and inner classes that belong to the class rather than instances.
Exception Handling in Java
18. What is finally and finalize in Java?
• finally: Executes after try-catch block.
• finalize(): Called by the garbage collector.
19. Can we declare a class as static?
• Only inner classes can be static.
20. What is static import?
• Allows importing static members (import static java.lang.Math.PI).
21. What is try-with-resources in Java?
• Ensures automatic resource management in try blocks.
22. What is a multi-catch block in Java?
• Allows catching multiple exceptions in a single catch block.
Java OOP: Abstract Classes & Interfaces
23. What is an interface?
• A collection of abstract methods that a class must implement.
24. What is an abstract class?
• A class that can have both abstract and concrete methods.
25. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface?
• Abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.
• Interfaces (before Java 8) had only abstract methods.
26. Can an interface implement or extend another interface?
• Yes, interfaces can extend other interfaces.
27. What is a Marker interface?
• An interface with no methods (e.g., Serializable).
Java Collections & Memory Management
28. What are Wrapper classes?
• Convert primitives to objects (Integer, Double, etc.).
29. What is an Enum in Java?
• A special class to define constants.
30. What is Java Annotations?
• Metadata used for code processing (@Override, @Deprecated).
31. What is Composition in Java?
• A design principle where objects contain other objects.
32. What is the benefit of Composition over Inheritance?
• Avoids tight coupling.
33. What is Garbage Collection?
• Automatic memory management in Java.
Java Memory and Execution
34. Java is Pass by Value or Pass by Reference?
• Always pass by value.
35. What is the difference between Heap and Stack Memory?
• Heap: Stores objects.
• Stack: Stores local variables and method calls.
36. Where is the Java Compiler stored?
• In JDK, under bin/javac.exe.
Miscellaneous Java Questions
37. How to run a JAR file through the command prompt?
• java -jar filename.jar
38. What is the use of the System class?
• Provides utility methods (System.out.println(), System.gc()).
39. What is the instance of keyword?
• Checks object type (obj instance of Class Name).
40. Can we use String with a switch case?
• Yes, from Java 7 onwards.
Control Flow Statements in Java
41. What is the ternary operator in Java?
• condition ? true Value : false Value
42. What does the super keyword do?
• Refers to the superclass.
43. What is the difference between break and continue statements?
• break: Exits loop.
• continue: Skips iteration.
44. What is the this keyword?
• Refers to the current object.
45. What is a default constructor?
• A constructor with no parameters.
46. Can we have try without a catch block?
• Yes, if finally is present.
47. What is Serialization and Deserialization?
• Serialization: Converts objects to byte streams.
• Deserialization: Converts byte streams back to objects.
