Practical – 1

Object: - Given a PC, name its various components and their functions.
Definition: -
Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information. Data can be anything
like marks obtained by you in various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex, weight, height, etc.
of all the students in a class.
Computer can also be defined in terms of functions it can perform. A computer can i) accept
data, ii) store data, iii) process data as desired, and iv) retrieve the stored data as and when
required and v) print the result in desired format. The major characteristics of a computer are
high speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility and storage.
Computer Organization:-
The block diagram of computer is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1 Block diagram of Computer Organization

The computer performs basically five major operations of functions irrespective of their size
and make. These are 1) it accepts data or instruction by way of input, 2) it stores data, 3) it can
process data as required by the user, 4) it gives results in the form of output, and 5) it controls
all operations inside a computer. We discuss below each of these operations.
1. Input: this is the process of entering data and programs into the computer system. Input unit
Output unit Memory Unit Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit
2. Control Unit (CU): The process of input, output, processing and storage is performed under
the supervision of a unit called 'Control Unit'. It decides when to start receiving data, when to
stop it, where to store data, etc. It takes care of step -by-step processing of all operations inside
the computer.
3. Memory Unit: Computer is used to store data and instructions.
4. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The major operations performed by the ALU are addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison.

1
5. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information.
The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing unit
(CPU). You may call CPU as the brain of any computer system.

INPUT DEVICES Input devices accept data and instructions from the user. Following are the
examples of various input devices, which are connected to the computer for this purpose.
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Light Pen
4. Optical/magnetic Scanner
5. Touch Screen
6. Microphone for voice as input
7. Track Ball

OUTPUT DEVICES Output devices return processed data that is information, back to the user.
Some of the commonly used output devices are:
1. Monitor (Visual Display Unit)
2. Printers
3. Plotter
4. Speakers

2
 Practical – 2
Object: - Identification of various parts of a computer and its peripheral devices.
Computer System: -
A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU),
the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These
parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires. Inside each of these parts are
thousands to trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of
an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the
circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it represents a "0" (in positive logic
representation). The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may
control the state of one or more of the other circuits.
Input Devices: -
In computing, an input device is a peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to
provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as
a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices
include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
Many input devices can be classified according to:

 modality of input (e.g. mechanical motion, audio, visual, etc.)

 whether the input is discrete (e.g. pressing of key) or continuous (e.g. a mouse's position,
though digitized into a discrete quantity, is fast enough to be considered continuous)
 the number of degrees of freedom involved (e.g. two-dimensional traditional mice, or
three-dimensional navigators designed for CAD applications)
Keyboard: - A 'keyboard' is a human interface device which is represented as a layout of
buttons. Each button, or key, can be used to either input a linguistic character to a computer, or
to call upon a particular function of the computer. They act as the main text entry interface for
most users.
Traditional
keyboards use
spring-based
buttons, though
newer variations
employ virtual keys,
or even projected
keyboards. It is
typewriter like device composed of a matrix of switches.

3
Mouse: A computer mouse is a pointing device (hand control) that
detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is
typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which
allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface.
Physically, a mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with
one or more buttons. Mice often also feature other elements, such
as touch surfaces and "wheels", which enable additional control and
dimensional input.

Light Pen: - A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a

light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with a computer's CRT
display.
It allows the user to point to displayed objects or draw on the
screen in a similar way to a touch screen but with greater
positional accuracy. A light pen can work with any CRT-based display and other display
technologies, but its ability to be used with LCDs was unclear (though Toshiba and Hitachi
displayed a similar idea at the "Display 2006" show in Japan).

Scanner: - n computing, an image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner, although the

term is ambiguous out of context (barcode scanner, CAT
scanner etc.)—is a device that optically scans images,
printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to
a digital image. Commonly used in offices are variations of
the desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed
on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held scanners,
where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from
text scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used for industrial
design, reverse engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications.
Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format
documents, where a flatbed design would be impractical.
Output Devices:
An output device is any piece of computer hardware item which utilizes whatever data and
commands from your computer in order to perform a task. This leads to the results of data
processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which
converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form

4
Monitors
Monitors, commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are
the main output device of a computer. It forms images from
tiny dots, called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form.
The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of
pixels.
There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors.

 Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)

 Flat- Panel Display
Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor
The CRT display is made up of small picture elements called pixels. The smaller the pixels, the
better the image clarity, or resolution. It takes more than one illuminated pixel to form whole
character, such as the letter ‘e’ in the word help.
A finite number of characters can be displayed on a screen at once. The screen can be divided
into a series of character boxes - fixed location on the screen where a standard character can
be placed. Most screens are capable of displaying 80 characters of data horizontally and 25
lines vertically. There are some disadvantages of CRT:

 Large in Size
 High power consumption

Flat-Panel Display Monitor

The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and
power requirement in comparison to the CRT. You can hang them on walls or wear them on
your wrists. Current uses of flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors,
laptop computer, graphics display.
The flat-panel display is divided into two categories:
 Emissive Displays - The emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy into
light. Example are plasma panel and LED(Light-Emitting Diodes).
 Non-Emissive Displays - The Non-emissive displays use optical
effects to convert sunlight or light from some other source into
graphics patterns. Example is LCD(Liquid-Crystal Device)

Printers
Printer is an output device, which is used to print information on
paper.
There are two types of printers:

5
  Impact Printers
 Non-Impact Printers
Impact Printers
The impact printers print the characters by striking them on the ribbon which is then pressed
on the paper.
Characteristics of Impact Printers are the following:

 Very low consumable costs

 Very noisy
 Useful for bulk printing due to low cost
 There is physical contact with the paper to produce an
image
These printers are of two types

 Character printers
 Line printers
Non-impact Printers
Non-impact printers print the characters without using ribbon. These printers print a complete
page at a time so they are also called as Page Printers.
These printers are of two types

 Laser Printers
 Inkjet Printers
Characteristics of Non-impact Printers

 Faster than impact printers.

 They are not noisy.
 High quality.
 Support many fonts and different character size.

6
 Practical – 3
Object: - Practice in installing a computer system by given connections.
Step by Step Windows 7 Operating System installation Process: -
Installing Using a Disc
Clean Install
A clean install is intended for users who want to freshly install Windows on their computer (by
deleting all of the data on the hard disk and then installing Windows) or computers that do not
have an operating system yet.
1
Enter your computer's BIOS. Turn off the
computer that you want to install
Windows on then turn it back on. When
the BIOS screen appears or you are
prompted to do so, press Del, Esc, F2, F10,
or F9 (depending on your computer’s
motherboard) to enter the system BIOS.
The key to enter the BIOS is usually shown
on the screen.
2
Find your BIOS's boot options menu. The
boot options menu of your BIOS may vary
in location or name from the illustration, but you may eventually find it if you search around.
 If you can't find the boot options menu, search the name of your BIOS (most likely located in
the BIOS menu) online for help.
3
Select the CD-ROM drive as the first boot device of your computer.
 Although this method may vary among computers, the boot options menu is typically a menu of
movable device names where you should set your CD-ROM drive as the first boot device. It can
also be a list of devices that you can set the order of their boot on. Consult a manual or the
internet for help if you're stuck.
4
Save the changes of the settings. Press the button indicated on the screen or select the save
option from the BIOS menu to save your configuration.
5
Shut off your computer. Either turn off the computer by choosing the shut-down option in your
current operating system, or hold the power button until the computer powers off.
6
Power on the PC and the insert the Windows 7 disc into your CD/DVD drive.

7
 7
Start your computer from the disc. After you
have placed the disc into the disc drive, start
your computer. When the computer starts,
press a key if you are asked if you would like to
boot from the disc by pressing any key. After
you choose to start from the disc, Windows
Setup will begin loading.
 If you are not asked to boot from the disc, you
may have done something wrong. Retry the previous
steps to solve the problem.
8
Choose your Windows Setup options. Once Windows
Setup loads, you'll be presented with a window. Select
your preferred language, keyboard type, and time/currency format, then click Next.
9
Click the Install Now button.
10
Accept the License Terms. Read over the Microsoft Software License Terms, check I accept the
license terms, and click Next.
11
Select the Custom installation.
12
Decide on which hard drive and partition you want to install Windows on. A hard drive is a
physical part of your computer that stores data, and partitions "divide" hard drives into
separate parts.
 If the hard drive has data on it, delete the data off of it, or format it.
 Select the hard drive from the list of hard drives.
 Click Drive options (advanced).
 Click Format from Drive options.
 If your computer doesn't have any partitions yet, create one to install Windows on it.
 Select the hard drive from the list of hard drives.
 Click Drive options (advanced).
 Select New from Drive options.
 Select the size, and click OK.
13
Install Windows on your preferred hard drive and partition. Once you've decided on where to
install Windows, select it and click Next. Windows will begin installing.

8
 Practical – 4
Object: - DOS Commands
DOS: -
DOS /dɒs/, short for disk operating system,[1] is an acronym used to describe the family of
several very similar command-line computer operating systems for x86-based computers:
primarily MS-DOS and PC DOS, but also DR-DOS, FreeDOS, ROM-DOS, and PTS-DOS. None of
these systems were officially named "DOS", and indeed "DOS" is a general term for disk
operating system.
MS-DOS dominated the IBM
PC compatible (PC and PC
Compatible) market between
1981 and 1995,
and Microsoft
Windows (95, 98,
and Millennium Edition), still
ran on top of it until about
2001.
Dozens of other operating
systems also use the
acronym "DOS", including
the 1960's DOS/360. Others are Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS,
and TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS. See List of DOS operating systems § Other operating systems.
Command Processing: -
The command interpreter for DOS runs when no application programs are running. When an
application exits, if the transient portion of the command interpreter in memory was
overwritten, DOS will reload it from disk. Some commands are internal — built into
COMMAND.COM; others are external commands stored on disk. When the user types a line of
text at the operating system command prompt, COMMAND.COM will parse the line and
attempt to match a command name to a built-in command or to the name of an executable
program file or batch file on disk. If no match is found, an error message is printed, and the
command prompt is refreshed.
External commands were too large to keep in the command processor, or were less frequently
used. Such utility programs would be stored on disk and loaded just like regular application
programs but were distributed with the operating system. Copies of these utility command

9
 programs had to be on an accessible disk, either on the current drive or on the
command path set in the command interpreter.
MS-DOS and command line overview
Below is a listing of each of the MS-DOS and Windows command line commands listed on
Computer Hope and a brief explanation about each command. This list contains every
command ever made available
Command Description Type
comp Compares files. External
edit View and edit files. External

find Search for text within a file. External

format Command to erase and prepare a disk drive. External
ftp Command to connect and operate on an FTP server. External
ping Test and send information to another network computer or network device. External
cd Changes directories. Internal
cls Clears the screen. Internal
cmd Opens the command interpreter. Internal
copy Copy one or more files to an alternate location. Internal
date View or change the systems date. Internal
del Deletes one or more files. Internal
delete Recovery console command that deletes a file. Internal
dir List the contents of one or more directory. Internal
exit Exit from the command interpreter. Internal
md Command to create a new directory. Internal
mkdir Command to create a new directory. Internal
rd Removes an empty directory. Internal
ren Renames a file or directory. Internal
rename Renames a file or directory. Internal
time View or modify the system time. Internal
Type Display the contents of a file. Internal

Practical – 5

10
Object: - Exercise on entering text and data (typing practice)
The ability to type and use a computer keyboard and mouse are essential if you want to
be able to communicate well in the world today. As reading and writing skills improve, it’s a
great idea to include computer and typing training. And the great part about this curriculum is it
includes exercises that will at the same time help you improve your reading and writing!
Although learning to write by hand is essential, there are benefits to using a computer for some
of your lessons. With typing, there’s no need to worry about your handwriting and editing is
much easier. Plus, learning to use a computer will be a great boost to your confidence and
selfesteem.

To begin with, discuss your strengths and weaknesses regarding typing and computer
use. Have you ever used a computer? If so, to what extent? Do you have typing experience? Do
you have access to a computer so you’ll be able to do homework if assigned?

Although the best way to learn is to dive right in to a particular task, or maybe even play a
computer game or two, if you are very new to a computer keyboard and mouse you may need
step-by-step help to get started. Begin here by learning about finger placement and keyboard
keys.

Finger Placement and Letter Keys:- Most people want to look at the keyboard as they type but
will never become efficient and fast typists that way. That’s why it’s important to first learn
finger placement.
▪ The middle row of letter keys is called the home row. Place the four fingers of each hand on
the home row. The first (pointer) finger of the left hand should cover the F key, while each of
the other left-hand fingers rest on the keys to the left of the F key. The first finger of the right
hand should cover the J key, while each of the other right-hand fingers rest on the keys to the
right of the J key.

11
▪ The first finger of the left hand will also be used to press the R, T, G, B, and V keys. The first
finger of the right hand will also be used to press the U, Y, H, N, and M keys.
▪ Use the thumb of the right hand to press the Space bar, and use your “pinky” on the right
hand to press the apostrophe key and the Enter key.
▪ All of the other keys in the rows above and below the home row should be pressed with the
same finger near them on the home row. Whenever a finger isn’t typing another character, it
should return to its home row position. Many keyboards have a raised area on the F and J keys
to help you find your home row position without having to look at your hands. Shift Key Space
Bar Home Row Shift Key Number Row GOAL: Learn to Type & Use the Computer Keyboard (&
Mouse) 3
▪ Practice a few times taking your hands off of the keyboard and then, without looking, placing
your fingers back on the keyboard in the proper position. You will become proficient in typing
(without looking) only after you’ve developed “muscle memory.” This is accomplished best by
repeating the same action many times until it becomes second nature.

▪ For now, begin by typing your name several times. You will need to peek, of course, the first
few times, but keep going until you can do it without looking at the keyboard.
▪ Now type the alphabet. Remember to keep your fingers resting in their default position
between each key pressed and to use the proper finger for each key. Type the alphabet several
times to help build muscle memory.
▪ Next, follow the same steps typing the numbers 1 through 10. Then go from 10 to 1. Once
you’re comfortable with the number keys, practice with the punctuation keys. Type each
character ten times. Some require the Shift key.
▪ The Shift keys (there are two of them) are used to produce capital letters and some of the
punctuation symbols. Locate them now. Also take a look at some of the keys on the keyboard
that show two things on each key. Most are on the top row, the number keys. When you hold
down the Shift key and press one of these keys, you will type the symbol you see above the
numbers on these keys.
Practical – 6
Object: - Features of windows as an operating system.

12
Operating System: - An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer
hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also
include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and
other resources.

Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a metafamily of graphical operating

systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating
systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OS typically
associated with IBM PC compatible architecture. Active Windows families include Windows
NT, Windows Embedded and Windows Phone; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows
Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families
include Windows 9x; Windows 10 Mobile is an active product, unrelated to the defunct
family Windows Mobile.

Features new to Windows 7: -

Desktop

The Desktop Slideshow feature in Windows 7.

Themes
Support for themes has been extended in Windows 7. [3] In addition to providing options to
customize colors of window chrome and other aspects of the interface, including the desktop
background, desktop icons, mouse cursors, and sound schemes, the operating system also
includes a native desktop slideshow feature.
Desktop Slideshow
Windows 7 introduces a desktop slideshow feature which periodically changes the desktop
wallpaper based on a designated interval specified by a user; the change is accompanied by a
smooth fade transition with a duration that can be customized via the Windows Registry. The
desktop slideshow feature supports local images as well as images obtained via RSS.

13
Gadgets
With Windows Vista, Microsoft introduced gadgets to display information, such as image
slideshows and RSS feeds, on the user's desktop; the gadgets could optionally be displayed on a
sidebar docked to a side of the screen. In Windows 7, the sidebar has been removed, but
gadgets can still be placed on the desktop. [13] Gadgets can be brought to the foreground on top
of active applications by pressing ⊞ Win + G .
Windows Explorer

Windows Explorer's revised user interface

Libraries
Windows Explorer in Windows 7 supports file libraries that
aggregate content from various locations – including shared
folders on networked systems if the shared folder has been
indexed by the host system – and present them in a unified
view.
Start menu
The start orb now has a fade-in highlight effect when the user
hovers the mouse cursor over it. The Start Menu's right column is now the Aero glass color. In
Windows Vista, it was always black.

The search results pane in Windows 7, demonstrating a search for the word "wireless".
Windows 7's Start menu retains the two-column layout of its predecessors, with several
functional changes:

 The "Documents", "Pictures" and "Music" buttons now link to the Libraries of the same
name.
 A "Devices and Printers" option has been added that
displays a new device manager.
 The "shut down" icon in Windows Vista has been
replaced with a text link indicating what action will be
taken when the icon is clicked. The default action to
take is now configurable through the Taskbar and Start
Menu Properties window.
 Taskbar Jump Lists are presented in the Start Menu via
a guillemet; when the user moves the mouse cursor

14
 over the guillemet, or presses the right-arrow key, the right-hand side of the Start menu is
widened and replaced with the application's Jump List.
 Links to the "Videos", "Downloads", and "Recorded TV" folders can now be added to the
Start menu.
Taskbar[edit]
The Windows Taskbar has seen its most significant revision since its introduction in Windows
95 and combines the previous Quick Launch functionality with open application window icons.
The taskbar is now rendered as an Aero glass element whose color can be changed via the
Personalization Control Panel. It is 10 pixels taller than in Windows Vista to accommodate
touch screen input and a new larger default icon size (although a smaller taskbar size is
available), as well as maintain proportion to newer high resolution monitor modes.

The default taskbar of Windows 7.

Pinned applications[edit]
The Quick Launch toolbar has been removed from the default configuration, but may be easily
added.[25] The Windows 7 taskbar is more application-oriented
than window-oriented, and therefore doesn't show window
titles (these are shown when an application icon is clicked or
hovered over).

The Windows 7 taskbar shows a preview of the window.

Notification area[edit]
The notification area has been redesigned; the standard Volume, Network, Power and Action
Center status icons are present, but no other application icons are shown unless the user has
chosen them to be shown. A new "Notification Area Icons" control panel has been added which
replaces the "Customize Notification Icons" dialog box in the "Taskbar and Start Menu
Properties" window first introduced in Windows XP. In addition to being able to configure
whether the application icons are shown, the ability to hide each application's
notification balloons has been added. The user can then view the notifications at a later time.

Windows 7 desktop displayed through Peek.

Window management mouse gestures[edit]
Aero Snap[edit]
Windows can be dragged to the top of the screen to
maximize them and dragged away to restore them. Dragging

15
a window to the left or right of the screen makes it take up half the screen, allowing the user to
tile two windows next to each other. Also, resizing the window to the bottom of the screen or
its top will extend the window to full height but retain its width. [30] These features can be
disabled via the Ease of Access Center if users do not wish the windows to automatically resize.
Devices and Printers

The new Devices and Printers Control Pane; custom icons can be downloaded via the Internet.
Devices and Printers is a new Control Panel interface that is directly accessible from the Start
menu. Unlike the Device Manager Control Panel applet, which is still present, the icons shown
on the Devices and Printers screen are limited to components of the system that a non-expert
user will recognize as plug-in devices.

16
 Practical – 7
Object: - Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word 2007: -
Getting Familiar with Microsoft Word 2007 for Windows
Microsoft Word is a word processing software package. You can use it to type letters, reports,
and other documents. This tutorial teaches Microsoft Word 2007 basics. Although this tutorial
was created for the computer novice, because Microsoft Word 2007 is so different from
previous versions of Microsoft Word, even experienced users may find it useful.

.
The Microsoft Office Button
In the upper-left corner of the Word 2007 window is the Microsoft Office button. When you
click the button, a menu appears. You can use the menu to create a new file, open an
existing file, save a file, and perform many other tasks.
The Quick Access Toolbar
Next to the Microsoft Office button is the Quick Access toolbar. The Quick Access
toolbar provides you with access to commands you frequently use. By default Save, Undo, and
Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar. You can use Save to save your file, Undo to rollback
an action you have taken, and Redo to reapply an action you have rolled back.

The Title Bar

Next to the Quick Access toolbar is the Title bar. The Title bar displays the
title of the document on which you are currently working. Word names the
first new document you open Document1. As you open additional new documents, Word

17
names them sequentially. When you save your document, you assign the document a new
name.
The Ribbon
In Microsoft Word 2007, you use the Ribbon to issue commands. The Ribbon is located near the
top of the screen, below the Quick Access toolbar. At the top of the Ribbon are several tabs;
clicking a tab displays several related command groups. Within each group are related
command buttons. You click buttons to issue commands or to access menus and dialog boxes.
You may also find a dialog box launcher in the bottom-right corner of a group. Clicking the
dialog box launcher gives you access to additional commands via a dialog box.

1. Click the View tab to choose it.

2. Click the check box next to Ruler in the Show/Hide group. The ruler appears below the
Ribbon.
Open a File with Windows Vista
If you are using Windows Vista:
1. Open Word 2007.
2. Click the Microsoft Office button. A menu appears.
3. Click Open. The Open dialog box appears.
4. Locate the folder in which you saved the file. The file is named Lesson Two.docx.
5. Click Lesson Two.docx.
6. Click Open. The file you created during the previous lesson appears.
Cut and Paste
You can use Word's Cut feature to remove information from a document. The you can use the
Paste feature to place the information you cut anywhere in the same or another document.
Cut with the Ribbon

18
 1. Type the following:
I want to move. I am content where I am.
2. Select "I want to move. "
3. Choose the Home tab.
4. Click the Cut button in the Clipboard group. Word cuts the text you selected and
places it on the Clipboard. Your text should now read:
"I am content where I am."
Alternate Method—Paste with Keys
1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence: "I am content where I am."
2. Press the spacebar to leave a space.
3. Press Ctrl+v.
4. Your text should now read:
"I am content where I am. I want to move."
Copy and Paste
In Microsoft Word, you can copy information from one area of a document and place the
information you copied anywhere in the same or another document. In other words, after you
type information into a document, if you want to place the same information somewhere else,
you do not have to retype the information.
Copy with the Ribbon

19
 1. Type the following:
You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need.
2. Select "You will want to copy me."
3. Choose the Home tab.
4. Click the Copy button in the Clipboard group. Word copies the data you selected to
the Clipboard.
Paste with the Ribbon

1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence: "One of me is all you need."
2. Press the spacebar to leave a space.
3. Choose the Home tab.
4. Click the Paste button in the Clipboard group. Word places the data you copied at the
insertion point. Your text should now read: "You will want to copy me. One of me is all
you need. You will want to copy me."
Change the Font with the Ribbon

20
 1. Type the following:
Changing fonts
2. Select "Changing fonts."
3. Choose the Home tab.
4. Click the down arrow next to the Font field. A menu of fonts appears.
5. Move the cursor over the list of fonts. Word 2007 provides a live preview of what the
font will look like if you select it.
6. Click the font name to select the font you want.
Save Your File
This is the end of Lesson 3. You can save your file and close Word. See Lesson 2 to learn how to
save and close.
If you have lists of data, you may want to bullet or number them. When using Microsoft Word,
bulleting and numbering are easy. The first part of this lesson teaches you to bullet and
number.
After you have completed your document, you may want to share it with others. One way to
share your document is to print and distribute it. However, before you print you may want to
add page numbers and tell Word such things as the page orientation, the paper size, and the
margin setting you want to use. In this lesson you will learn how to layout and how to print your
documents.
Add Bullets and Numbers
In Microsoft Word, you can easily create bulleted or numbered lists of items. Several bulleting
and numbering styles are available, as shown in the examples. You can select the one you wish
to use.
EXAMPLES: Numbering

21
EXAMPLES: Bulleting

EXERCISE 1
Bullets

1. Type the following list as shown:

Apple
Orange
Grape
Mango
Cherry
2. Select the words you just typed.
3. Choose the Home tab.
4. In the Paragraph group, click the down arrow next to the Bullets button . The Bullet
Library appears.
5. Click to select the type of bullet you want to use. Word adds bullets to your list.
Note: As you move your cursor over the various bullet styles, Word displays the bullet
style onscreen.

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 Practical – 8
Object: - Microsoft Excel
MS Excel 2007: -

In the following exercises you will learn some of the necessary steps to create a
spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel 2007. You will learn not only how to type various
items into the spreadsheet, but also how to copy columns, widen columns, fill
columns, add, subtract, multiply, divide, do graphics and a variety of other “things.”

To begin, load the spreadsheet by quickly clicking twice on the Excel 2007 Windows
Icon in the Windows Desktop. If you do not see an Excel Icon, click the Start Button in the
lower left corner of the screen, move the cursor up to Programs, then move to Microsoft
Office. Move down to Microsoft Excel 2007 and click.

A spreadsheet is a “number manipulator.” To make the handling of numbers easier, all

spreadsheets are organized into rows and columns. Your initial spreadsheet will look

something like the one below:

Notice that the “main” part of the spreadsheet is composed of Rows (Labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.)
and Columns (Labeled A, B, C, D, etc.). There are a lot of rows and columns in a spreadsheet.
The “intersection” of each row and column is called a cell. In the image above the cursor is on
the “home” cell – A1. Notice Row 1 and Column A are “bold,” and colored “orange.” This
indicates what is called the “address of the cell. Notice right above cell A1, that A1 is
displayed in a small box called the Name Box. Whenever you “click” on a cell the address of
that cell will be shown in the Name Box.

In this tutorial, whenever we indicate that you need to click the mouse, it will mean to click
the left mouse button – unless we indicate that you should click the RIGHT mouse button. So,
always “click left” unless we tell you otherwise.

Moving Around the Spreadsheet

You can move around the spreadsheet/cells by clicking your mouse on various cells, or by using
the up, down, right and left arrow movement keys on the
keyboard. Or, you can move up and down by using the

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“elevator” bars on the right and bottom of the spreadsheet. Go ahead
and move around the spreadsheet. Hold down the down arrow key
on the keyboard for a few seconds – then click-on a cell. Notice how
the Name Box always tells you “where you are.” Now hold down the
right arrow key on the keyboard for a few seconds. Notice how the alphabet changes from
single letters (A, B, C,. …. Z) to several letter combinations (AA, AB, AC). There are hundreds
of columns and thousands of rows in a spreadsheet. Anytime you desire to return to the
Home Cell (A1) simply click-in the Name Box and type-in A1. Then tap the Enter key and you
will go to cell A1. You can go to any cell by this method. Simply type-in a row and column, tap
the Enter key, and you’ll go to that cell. If you want to go to the last column on the right, hold
down the Ctrl key and tap the right arrow key.If you want to go to the last row at the bottom,
hold down the Ctrl key and tap the down arrow key. Now that you have the “feel” of how to
move around the Excel spreadsheet, go to the cells as indicated below and type-in the
following:

C1 (Your Name)'s Budget. It should look similar to the image below. Do not tap Enter
when you finish

Look at cells C1 and D1. Notice how your entry has spilled over from C1 into D1. Sometimes
this is a problem, and sometimes it is not.

Tap the Enter key and then click-on

cell D1 and type-in the word
BONZO and tap the Enter key.

Notice how BONZO now COVERS the right part of your original entry!! Move your cursor
over cell C1 and click-on it. Look at the upper part of the spreadsheet, just above the cells
where you typed BONZO. Your
name and the word budget are still
there! Bonzo only COVERED the
portion in cell D1. See the image
and arrows below.

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There are several ways to take care of this. For the moment move back to cell D1 and click-on
cell D1. Tap the Delete key (above the arrow movement keys on the keyboard). Notice that
Bonzo disappears and your entire entry reappears. This is one way to expose the entry. We'll
look at some others as we go along. Now we'll continue
entering text and data. We think that creating a simple
personal budget would be a logical way to show you how a
spreadsheet “works.” Move to the following cells and type-in
the information indicated. You can click-on each cell and then
type-in the entries.

If you happen to make a mistake simply retype the entries.

Later on we'll see how to

edit mistakes. Any time you want to replace something in a cell

you can simply retype and the new entry and it will replace the
old one.

Cell Type-in

A3 Income

B4 Parents
B5 Job
B6 Investments
B7 Total

A10 Expenses

B11 Food
B12 Beverages
B13 Parties
B14 Miscellaneous
B15 Total
Your spreadsheet should now look similar to the
image on the right.

At this point you probably noticed, the words

"Investments" and "Miscellaneous" run over the
spaces given in the cells. Do not be concerned at this
point. We’ll soon fix this.

25
 Practical – 9
Object: - Microsoft PowerPoint
MS Power Point 2007: -

On the left side of the PowerPoint screen you’ll see an

area that indicates Outline and Slides at the top. When
you first open PowerPoint 2007 you’ll notice that the
Slides Tab is “white.” This means that you’ll be able to
see a small version of each slide as we create it.

To the lower right-center of

the screen, you’ll see a PowerPoint
Design Template. We’ll be

26
using these templates to create our slide show. We’ll come back to this in more detail later in
the tutorial.

Beginning the presentation

Slide 1
In PowerPoint 2007 a Slide Layout named Title Slide always appears first. PowerPoint
“thinks” that you want to start your presentation with a title. So, logically, the Title Slide
appears in the main section of the screen.
After you understand PowerPoint a bit more, you can choose any of the
layouts you desire. We’ll show you how to do this as we proceed through the tutorial.
You will notice, in the lower left corner of the screen, Slide 1 of 1 is indicated.
New Slide Button
Now it’s time to create the next slide in your presentation.
To do this, we’ll need to find the New Slide button.
At the top left of the screen, in the Home Tab you will see a
New Slide “button” which looks like the image on the right.
When you move your cursor arrow over the button you will
see a Microsoft Help Text box appear that says New Slide.
Now this is a bit tricky….. Look carefully at the lower right
corner of the New Slide button and you will see a down
arrow.
Click-on the down arrow to create your next slide.
When you click the arrow an image similar to the one on the
right will appear. We’ll use the Title and Content slide for our
second slide. Click this choice.

Slide 2
Your new Slide 2 should look like the image below – even if you did
not click the arrow.
For those who are familiar with previous versions of PowerPoint, you
will notice that several different Slide Layouts have been combined
into this smaller number of choices. All of the Layouts are available,
but in new “combinations.”
The Title and Content slide (on the right) combines
several of the Text and Content Layouts.
Click in the Click to add title box and type:
Ingredients.Click in the  Click to add text box and
type: Crunchy peanut butter (tap Enter)
Homemade strawberry jam (tap Enter)
Two slices of white bread (tap Enter)
Milk

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 Practical – 10
Object: - Internet and its Applications
he Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of
private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by
a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries
an extensive range of information resources and services, such
as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of
the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony,
and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.

World Wide Web

This NeXT Computer was used by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN and
became the world's first Web server.

Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably,
but the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is the primary application that
billions of people use on the Internet, and it has changed their lives immeasurably. [62]
[63]
However, the Internet provides many other services. The Web is a global set
of documents, images and other resources, logically interrelated by hyperlinks and referenced
with Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs symbolically identify services, servers, and other
databases, and the documents and resources that they can provide. Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) is the main access protocol of the World Wide Web. Web services also use
HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic
and data.
Introduction
The Internet is an increasingly important part of everyday life for people around the world. But
if you've never used the Internet before, all of this new information might feel a bit confusing at
first.

Throughout this tutorial, we'll try to answer some basic questions you may have about the
Internet and how it's used. When you're done, you'll have a good understanding of how the
Internet works, how to connect to the Internet, and how to browse the Web.

What is the Internet?

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the
Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the
world, and do much more.

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You can do all of this by
connecting a computer to the
Internet, which is also
calledgoing online. When
someone says a computer
is online, it's just another way of
saying it's connected to the Internet.

What is the Web?

The World Wide Web—usually called the Web for short—is a collection of
different websites you can access through the Internet. A website is made up of related text,
images, and other resources. Websites can resemble other forms of media—like newspaper
articles or television programs—or they can be interactive in a way that's unique to computers.

The purpose of a website can be almost anything: a news platform, an advertisement, an

online library, a forum for sharing images, or an educational site like us!

Once you are connected to the Internet, you can access and view
websites using a type of application called a web browser. Just
keep in mind that the web browser itself is not the Internet; it only
displays websites that are stored on the Internet.

How does the Internet work?

At this point you may be wondering, how does the Internet work? The exact answer is pretty
complicated and would take a while to explain. Instead, let's look at some of the most
important things you should know.

It's important to realize that the Internet is a global network of physical cables, which can
include copper telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables. Even wireless connections
like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely on these physical cables to access the Internet.
When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to a server. A
server is where websites are stored, and it works a lot like your computer's hard drive. Once
the request arrives, the server retrieves the website and sends the correct data back to your
computer. What's amazing is that this all happens in just a few seconds!
Other things you can do on the Internet
One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost instantly with
anyone in the world. Email is one of the oldest and most universal ways to communicate and
share information on the Internet, and billions of people use it. Social media allows people to
connect in a variety of ways and build communities online.

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There are many other things you can do on the Internet. There are thousands of ways to keep
up with news or shop for anything online. You can pay your bills, manage your bank accounts,
meet new people, watch TV, or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost anything online.

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