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SQL Cheat Sheet

This SQL cheat sheet provides essential commands and concepts for analytics and reporting using MySQL. It covers SQL basics, aggregates, joins, subqueries, window functions, common table expressions (CTEs), case statements, date functions, indexing for performance, and various analytics patterns. The document serves as a quick reference for executing SQL queries effectively in data analysis contexts.

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jv.viljoen1
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4 views1 page

SQL Cheat Sheet

This SQL cheat sheet provides essential commands and concepts for analytics and reporting using MySQL. It covers SQL basics, aggregates, joins, subqueries, window functions, common table expressions (CTEs), case statements, date functions, indexing for performance, and various analytics patterns. The document serves as a quick reference for executing SQL queries effectively in data analysis contexts.

Uploaded by

jv.viljoen1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Cheat Sheet for Analytics & Reporting (MySQL)

SQL Basics
SELECT col FROM table WHERE condition GROUP BY col HAVING agg_condition ORDER BY col LIMIT n;
- WHERE: filter rows | HAVING: filter aggregates
- ORDER: ASC (default), DESC
- LIMIT: restrict # of rows

Aggregates
SUM(col), COUNT(*), AVG(col), MIN(col), MAX(col)
- COUNT(col) excludes NULLs
- Use GROUP BY to aggregate by category
- Use HAVING for conditions on aggregates

Joins
INNER JOIN: match in both tables
LEFT JOIN: all from left + matches from right
RIGHT JOIN: all from right + matches from left
FULL OUTER JOIN (simulate in MySQL using UNION)

Subqueries
Non-correlated: independent of outer query
Correlated: depends on outer query (e.g., WHERE x > (SELECT ... WHERE x = outer.x))

Window Functions
OVER (PARTITION BY x ORDER BY y)
- ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK()
- LAG(), LEAD(), SUM(), AVG() OVER windows
- Useful for running totals, rankings

CTEs (WITH)
WITH cte AS (SELECT ...) SELECT ... FROM cte;
- Helps break complex queries into readable blocks

CASE Statements
CASE WHEN cond THEN val ELSE val END
- Used for categorizing or conditional logic
- Common in SELECT or ORDER BY

Date Functions
CURDATE(), NOW(), YEAR(d), MONTH(d), DATE_FORMAT(d, '%Y-%m')
DATE_ADD(d, INTERVAL n DAY), DATEDIFF(d1, d2), TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit, d1, d2)

Indexes & Performance


- Use indexes on JOIN & WHERE cols
- Avoid wrapping indexed cols in functions
- EXPLAIN shows query plan

Analytics Patterns
- % of Total: SUM(x)/SUM(x) OVER()
- Running Total: SUM(x) OVER (ORDER BY date)
- Funnel: filter stepwise or use CASE counts
- Cohort: TIMESTAMPDIFF for retention lag
- Rolling Avg: AVG(x) OVER (ORDER BY d ROWS N PRECEDING)

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