MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

EROS GARDEN, CHARMWOOD VILLAGE, FARIDABAD

point B in 0.1 s. What is the current in ampere? What is its direction? (160A)
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2. Show that one ampere is equivalent to a flow of 6.25 x 10 elementary charges per
second.
3. How many electrons pass through a lamp in one minute, if the current is 300 mA?
(1.125 x 1020)
4. How many electrons per second flow through a filament of a 120 V and 60 W electric bulb
? (3.125 x 1018)
5. In the Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the electron revolves around the nucleus in a circular
path of radius 5.1 x 10-11 m at a frequency of 6.8 x 1015 revolutions per second. Calculate
the equivalent current. (1.088 x 10-3A)
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6. In a hydrogen atom, an electron moves in an orbit of radius 5.0 x 10 m with a speed of
2.2 x 106 ms-1. Find the equivalent current. (Electronic charge = 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb).
(1.12 x 10-3A)
7. Figure below shows a plot of current I through the cross-section of a wire over a time
interval of 10 s. Find the amount of charge that flows through the wire during this time
period.

(37.5C)
8. The amount of charge passing through cross-section of a wire is q(t) = at2 + bt + c
(i) Write the dimensional formulae for a, b and c. (AT-1, A, AT)
(ii) If the values of a, b and c in SI units are 5, 3 and I respectively, find the value of
current at t = 5 second. (53A)
9. In a discharge tube, the number of hydrogen ions (i.e. protons) drifting across a cross-
section per second is 1.0 x 1018, while the number of electrons drifting in the opposite
direction across another cross-section is 2.7 x 1018 effective resistance of the tube ?
(3.9 X 109 Ώ)
10. A 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a 200 V battery and a
resistance of 38Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of the current in circuit. (5A)
11. A copper wire of radius 0.1 mm and resistance of 1 k Ω is connected across a power
supply of 20 V. (i) How many electrons are transferred per second between the supply and
the wire at one end ? (ii) Write down the current density in the wire.
(1.25 x 1017, 6.35 x 105 Am-2)
12. Current flows through a constricted conductor, as shown in the figure. The diameter D1
and 2.0 mm and the current density to the left of the constriction is j = 1.27 x 10 6 Am-2. (i)
What current flows into the constriction? (ii) If the current density is doubled as it emerges
from the right side of the constriction, what is diameter D2? (3.987 A, 1.414 mm)

13. A current of 2 mA is passed through a colour coded carbon resistor with first, second and
third rings of yellow, green and orange colours. What is the voltage drop across the resistor
? (90V)
14. An arc lamp operates at 80 V, 10 A. Suggest a method to use it with a 240 V d.c. source.
Calculate the value of the electric component required for this purpose. (16Ώ)
15. Calculate the resistivity of a material of a wire 10 m long, 0.4 mm in diameter and having
a resistance of 2.0 Ω. (2.513 x 10-8 Ώm)
16. The external diameter of a 5 metre long hollow tube is 10 cm and the thickness of its wall
is 5 mm. If the specific resistance of copper be 1.7 x 10 -5 ohm-metre, then determine its
resistance. (5.7 x 10-8 Ώ)
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17. Find the resistivity of a conductor in which a current density of 2.5 Am is found to exist,
when an electric field of 15 Vm-1 is applied on it. (6 Ώm)
18. Calculate the electrical conductivity of the material of a conductor of length 3 m, area of
cross-section 0.02 mm2 having a resistance of 2 Ω. (75 x 106Ώ-1m-1)
19. A wire of resistance 4 Ω is used to wind a coil of radius 7 cm. The wire has a diameter of
1.4 mm and the specific resistance of its material is 2 x 10-7 Ωm. Find the number of turns
in the coil. (70)
20. A wire of 10 ohm resistance is stretched to thrice its original length. What will be its (i)
new resistivity, and (ii) new resistance? (90 Ώ)
21. A wire has a resistance of 16 Ω. It is melted and drawn into a wire of half its length.
Calculate the resistance of the new wire. What is the percentage change in its resistance?
(4Ώ, 75%)
22. The resistance of a wire is R ohm. What will be its new resistance if it is stretched to n
times its original length? (n2R)
23. A cylindrical wire is stretched to increase its length by 10%. Calculate the percentage
increase in resistance. (21%)
24. Two wires A and B of equal mass and of the same metal are taken. The diameter of the
wire A is half the diameter of wire B. If the resistance of wire A is 24 Ω, calculate the
resistance of wire B. (1.5 Ώ)
25. A piece of silver has a resistance of 1 Ω. What will be the resistance of a constantan wire
of one-third length and one-half diameter, if the specific resistance of constantan is 30
times that of silver? (40Ώ)
26. On applying the same potential difference between the ends of wires of iron and copper of
the same length, the same current flows in them. Compare their radii, specific resistances
of iron and copper are respectively 1.0 x 10-7 and 1.6 x 10-8 Ωm. Can their current-
densities be made equal by taking appropriate radii? (2.5, No)
27. Assuming that there is one free electron per atom in copper, determine the number of free
electrons in 1 metre3 volume of copper. Density of copper is 8.9 x 103 kgm-3 and atomic
weight 63.5. (Avogadro’s number, N = 6.02 x 1026 per kg-atom). (8.4 x 1028 m-3)
28. A copper wire has a resistance of 10 Ω and an area of cross-section 1 mm2. A potential
difference of 10 V exists across the wire. Calculate the drift speed of electrons if the
number of electrons per cubic metre in copper is 8 x 1028 electrons. (0.078 mm/s)
29. (a) Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper wire of cross-
sectional area 1.0 x 10-7 m2, carrying a current of 1.5 A. Assume that each copper atom
contributes roughly one conduction electron. The density of copper is 9.0 x 10 3 kg m-3, and
its atomic mass is 63.5 u. Take Avogadro’s number = 6.0 x 1023 mol-1.
(b) Compare the drift speed obtained above with (i) thermal speeds of copper atoms at
ordinary temperatures, (ii) speeds of electrons carrying the current and (iii) speed of
propagation of electric field along the conductor which causes the drift motion.
(1.1 x 10-3m/s, 3.21 x 10-6, 1.74 x 106 m/s, 10-9, 10-11)
30. Calculate the electric field in a copper wire of cross-sectional area 2.0 mm2 carrying a
current of 1 A. The conductivity of copper = 6.25 x 107 Sm-1. (8 x 10-3 V/m)
31. A potential difference of 100 V is applied to the ends of a copper wire one metre long.
Calculate the average drift velocity of the electrons. Compare it with the thermal velocity
at 27°C. Given conductivity of copper, σ = 5.81 x 107 Ω-1 m-1 and number density of
conduction electrons, n = 8.5 x 1028 m-3. (1.17 x 105m/s, 3.67 x 10-6)
32. Find the time of relaxation between collision and free path of electrons in copper at room
temperature. Given resistivity of copper = 1.7 x 10-8 Ωm, number density of electrons in
copper = 8.5 x 1028 m-3, charge on electron = 1.6 x 10-19 C, mass of electron = 9.1 x 10-31
kg and drift velocity of free electrons = 1.6 x 10-4 ms-1. (2.5 x 10-14s, 4 x 10-18m)
33. An aluminium wire of diameter 0.24 cm is connected in series to a copper wire of diameter
0.16 cm. The wires carry an electric current of 10 ampere. Find (i) current-density in the
aluminium wire (ii) drift velocity of electrons in the copper wire. Given: Number of
electrons per cubic metre volume of copper = 8.4 x 1028.
(2.2 x 106 Am-2, 3.7 x 10-4 m/s)
34. A current of 1.0 ampere is flowing through a copper wire of length 0.1 metre and cross-
section 1.0 x 10-6 m2. (i) If the specific resistance of copper be 1.7 x 10-8 Ωm, calculate the
potential difference across the ends of the wire. (ii) Determine current density in the wire.
(iii) If there be one free electron per atom in copper, then determine the drift velocity of
electros. Given: density of copper = 8.9 x 103 kg m-3, atomic weight = 63.5, N = 6.02 x
1026 per kg-atom. (1.7 x 10-3 V, 1 x 106 Am-2, 7.4 x 10-5m/s)
35. A potential difference of 6 V is applied across a conductor of length 0.12 m. Calculate the
drift velocity of electrons, if the electron mobility is 5.6 x 10 -6 m2V-1s-1.
(2.8 x 10-4 m/s)
36. The number density of electrons in copper is 8.5 x 1028 m-3. Determine the current flowing
through a copper wire of length 0.2 m, area of cross-section 1 mm2, when connected to a
battery of 3 V. Given the electron mobility = 4.5 x 10-6 m2V-1s-1 and charge an electron =
1.6 x 10-1 C. (0.918A)
37. A semiconductor has the electron concentration 0.45 x 1012 m-3 and hole concentration 5 x
1020 m-3. Find its conductivity. Given: electron mobility = 0.135 m2V-1s-1 and hole mobility
= 0.048 m2V-1s-1; e = 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb. (3.84 S/m)
38. (i) At what temperature would the resistance of a copper conductor be double its
resistance at 0°C? (ii) Does this temperature hold for all copper conductors regardless of
shape and size? (2560C)
39. The resistance of the platinum wire of a platinum resistance thermometer at the ice point is
5 Ω and at steam point is 5.39 Ω. When the thermometer is inserted in a hot bath, the
resistance of the platinum wire is 5.975 Ω. Calculate the temperature of the bath.
(345.650C)
40. A nichrome heating element connected to a 220 V supply draws an initial current of 2.2 A
which settles down after a few seconds to a steady value of 2.0 A. Find the steady
temperature of the heating element. The room temperature of 30° C and the average
temperature coefficient of resistance of nichrome is 1.7 x 10-4 per °C. (6180C)
41. An electric toaster uses nichrome (an alloy of nickel and chromium) for its heating
element. When a negligibly small current passes through it,its resistance at room
temperature (27.0°C) is found to be 75.3 Ω. When the toaster is connected to a 230 V
supply, the current settles after a few seconds to a steady value of 2.68 A. What is the
steady temperature of the nichrome element? The temperature coefficient of resistance of
nichrome averaged over the temperature range involved in 1.70 x 10-4°C-1. (8470C)
42. The resistance of a tungsten filament at 150° C is 133 ohm. What will be its resistance at
500°C? The temperature coefficient of resistance of tungsten is 0.0045 per°C. (258Ώ)
43. The resistance of a conductor at 20° C is 3.15 Ω and at 100° C is 3.75 Ω. Determine the
temperature coefficient of resistance of the conductor. What will be the resistance of the
conductor at 0° C? (0.00250C-1, 3Ώ)
44. A standard coil marked 2 Ω is found to have a resistance of 2.118 Ω at 30° C. Calculate the
temperature at which the marking is correct. The temperature coefficient of the resistance
of the material of the coil is 0.0042° C-1. (150C)
45. A potential difference of 200 V is applied to a coil at a temperature of 15° C and the
current is 10 A. What will be the mean temperature of the coil when the current has fallen
1
to 5 A, the applied voltage being same as before? Given α = 264 °C-1 at 0°C. (2640C)
46. The resistances of iron and copper wires at 20°C are 3.9 Ω and 4.1 Ω respectively. At what
temperature will the resistances be equal? Temperature coefficient of resistivity for iron is
5.0 x 10-3 K-1 and for copper it is 4.0 x 10-3 K-1. Neglect any thermal expansion.(84.50C)
47. A metal wire of diameter 2 mm and length 100 m has a resistance of 0.5475 Ω at 20° C
and 0.805 Ω at 150° C. Find (i) the temperature coefficient of resistance (ii) resistance at
0°C (iii) resistivities at 0° and 20° C.
(3.6 x 10-3 0C-1, 0.5107Ώ, 1.60 x 10-8Ώm, 1.72 x 10-8Ώm)
48. A wire of resistance 4 R is bent in the form of a circle as shown in the figure. What is the
effective resistance between the ends of the diameter? (R)

49. Find the value of current I in the circuit shown in the figure.

(0.1A)
50. Determine the voltage drop across the resistor R1 in the circuit given below with ε = 60V,
R1 = 18 Ω, R2 = 10 Ω. (45V)
51. A letter A consists of a uniform wire of resistance 1 ohm per cm. The sides of the letter are
each 20 cm long and the cross-piece in the middle is 10 cm long while the apex angle is
60°. Find the resistance of the letter between the two ends of the legs. (26.67Ώ)

52. A set of n identical resistors, each of resistance R Ω, when connected in series have an
effective resistance X Ω and when the resistors are connected in parallel, their effective
resistance is Y Ω. Find the relation between R, X and Y. (R2)