PEEELLLE ELL DDD DCEE IEEE SLL SLA LL LS Lectute 1: Lous of Booleow tlgebha neh in Muh way tak Cl suticpies > Boolean Algebsa iu dug Hs Logic gots > Binary rabid Aygsten and aecinnode nur tytion one an on quowtitg voume bin booleare algebra ue based on aie. vine eut- lw Binoy NS In boolean atge tii 10 LHLe 4 whee ‘+ Aoproserts OR “0 sepa ANS Lows Of Booleow Alga ; @o+0 =0 © 0.0 = 0 @o-t @ ois 7t ©®oL-? @i-o @r+0et @L107? @att-t @rsa-t . BER ANID Lawes OR Laws NOT Law @A-0 =0 @ AHO =A 0% @ar0 DR ek @A Leh @ aw el Ot a-lon co Orn? @ R= @R en’ @a-B -0 @ wen =el Commutative Low ao O A (are) = AR + AC *=>- 215pD- © prec = (are)Caro- , & (ate) (AW) = Ar Be Ones er . @ Ms + Ben Absorption Lawes © ke = BR Cine OSes ® pA+pe =A © 08 = gon :Q wintuice f(n,8,0) = RR + BC + AC = AB + Bcd + ac = Fe + gcCa+h) ¢ ac > Aer ABC + ABC +AC = Fec+c) + ac(en) = Ae AC 22- Consensus Low because ane oe nthe above mirteisation gystion why wor BC dhenjen to be pausplied with $2 gue det bebtnol contents low? ® (& re) CBr) (cra) = GB Bre) © @+B) (BH) Corn) = (n4B)(Rte) @ +8) Cec) Ctra) = (Bt) (Err)! > (ondentus (or con be applied Ff Me expreuion 44 an te form ] ABEBC + AC Lohse ont votlable As fe prsuntin bot nogmot ond eomplemurt form. gute AB + BC + AT a nese A fe preunt of worraat andl’ complemint fore. BT ost phuenk: 2 RE FACT wc) + AC(B+) as ( abt BC GF PPP ODOBRADIDAMNMN MMM ADAS AMAA RARER RRR,RE + oC +Kho = Bcrac ve pat (aHB)(Bre)CUrh) = (ats) (B+) > Pp > 0 Q+B)(5 +0) Cc+A) @re)(BrOCc+A +) E w (are) (tO (Crh + BB) “ Constr CHAE % > Bay, B =e 2 (ya) (B40) (4are) Ce rnre) Cos mt ye = Gory Nonre) = Q@rB10)( B+e +0) Carer) ( B+c +A) AO er a s ~ . eo . a Crepe (0) (CBE + PO) Cee fry Our) mye) = (Are) CB+9O Lectunt 8 Assoufae Lea? » Debora Lowe % Duouity Associative Lovo Associate (ovo © br (Otc) = GB +e A . , Py > _ c oF w ® alec) = @Bye Ce) @ Ar@(eec) = @Os)ec (xor) @ nOCeOo = (Aog)oc (xNoR) Ae RBC (Pssoctative too fe rot valid for NAND Gate) pre) + (Re) +e — (Assordattve low fs wat vatld for NOR Gate) CELE DDDDCO CEASA AL lA AS LSDematgon ‘5 Theor, © ie = A+ @ me = FB © ECE TOA PB HEH BEL. @ Rrercrvrer...-. = AB.CBLE Oe, Seeps te fir dak of, & function O Exchange 0'4 oud LS with each oA 'o! —- 12 ‘ @ fumange ‘F dyn with ' dlgn Ce @ Do wt vomplement the varlobly fxut- F = ABCD > AB + CD pP = (ate) + (¢#d) Prindple % Quality bone a voli boolean equation then [4 duok ‘sequotion If we wir allo be val. / Ex'- Acere) = ABTA : J wi ; Dut of each ofr the ps(ec) = Gre). are) fete pp. (A+R = Pe Sut- AR =O hte . Han Ar he =P aem ot : A.L= A Hon ALORR 4 PRPPPDPTITISISI IS IAA ASA BAA ,ppra=> fol ponetion- a ool 4 Fe DR+ BC FAC F pe we can > Punchlon lu todd to be klf ous ft PE follows @ PF [Carbo repe tg find 2 AB TBE FAC 7 2 (era ere) cate) = (ABrACT Bat Be) (Ato Bat ABC + ACAt ACC + BBA + Bac + BCA + Bcc = AR + PBC + PCT AC + PB 4 BC + ABC + BC = ABt AC + BCH ABC 2 pp race + Bc(l- FP 2 Ag FACT BC sa Fe PP bene F is cup cwok function . pee F (Gare +a. e +f. t CERELLL LG Ld deed edd ddd dd ddd ddd ddd d > flaboa elt eG = {fae be +d fe Ff = [@reqase +834 - fe hoes e+fh.g —o > [Grea & +P hy 2 fab eae sa}e +8} -9 teh eo FA. aoeg aceg 18974 Method-2 . Meee p= {larbo-a eh eg fiest find bre duuat 66.0 Po ffaGeord.é rt} a) - wow Individmally complement tads variable ° pas {{ E-lb4d) + dhe +Fhg a) We con see © ond @ are wkLectane owt Movinayers 12° of Renew Fecetiont qe fol he ’ “ ue ciate! boolearr funchiory ulith Cor wo moe aiding dasin vohiohles ARB? . iB) = AFAR gr (pi) = A } Both funthtory GAL samt ger Gnd conmob be Fin.) = A considered af distinct . AtR —> pirtnct fundion F (Ai) = pn. B —? Distnek function. F (A,B = How te find the number of distinct functions wing ond 8 Let ut go Hrrevgh & conceptual oppréach, , A . ° We con see for volun of ALB ° Hie vols of AFAR ond ! GAR Some hence ATR Onda ' OAL equok ; Tre columnt Aree amd A ake Scie hunt the function tr not distil | For distint functions AB the put be distinct * No of distinc fam co pans, vole? ie cohmes bawwe possible fs at = 16, A oF [ Fe] Fs] Ful Fr] Pel Fe] Fe [Pa] Fo {Fo | fo [Pa| Fy |i | Fi o oj? ofo; of} otofolrlrfey tyryadufau o viol e{7 ° rial tf arfefefoleyrpaf ata 1 0/0 vf ol rt rfofotrprleye gta » {ely ali oi y{olsfottol ie} tt ot Tolme) | a B lags] ate j7*9 408) Ja wo!) [bo Adsttnet possible fancitons wuting 2 variable - Qvantabia —> 2° = 4 inpant comblrattors 2 output volume hos 4 bits 7 Avis oH que a4 2 16 Orrtput mbinations | PR MNT AAA LAAAAAAAAAAAAA | aan BAT pp r PP PP?a eh Inpae Lombtnattons . 2 bukput colunm hat 2” bit + umbinations. n_ vastobl & gh pith can ge 2 + Henve » vortubles —? 2 vatqne _funetfors aa at yi . [n veins girs > Sef donk foro + Workbook Quedtfors (j-& Lette 9: Wotkboo! a-6) ay AB + AC + BC = AB+AC amok ? om (agp). (RHO). (BEC) = (axe). (A*¢) a> xy ty 4ry gar tye g(a = oY ry = ity) Cyty) > kay ay rOyOy An: (Oy). By + HOy)ry 2 (Ry HKG) + (ny -RG)Y > Ry +O 40% ny + yto bbb EOE] AALLE 2 Ry rny +rwry y= Rye = (a+% ney) = mY i’ = Rye elgty QW) KyZ + KV2 EMV VT MD : » Po KYB 4 AYE PWT EVE + VT + KIT yi (K+ x) + xy[Zt2) + V2 (R44) YU rxvt+ yz { §%) BE.RS = PERF 2 Paes Res 21 PLUELEGLELESLecowe, 06: abbonk Quaint CI) pe oy fe zi 4 2 > 1 aI tl ml rar 2\ 2! gz 2® P = PQ + Qe = Q(pe) + Qe = @L+ Qn = Q2+Qr = @+OLO+N) Aw fe aQacge XY +YU es D) Nowe of X/¥/% ts vedurdant. 2 Ve PX YT noe of baum con be redued tn f. a ToD . Dp : Pee Aw: p2he + AB+ AB Qe And: f= (Peay(aer) + (PeRV@HRD “ ——————_— @ : 3 Grarn)last) ® ¢ = (Frork)+ (GR) 2 Re.R + BR Pig Te a Rg => 2 OR R&R BD, 2 PIPHHOLOMAA RSS REE Y i /. fp PpprppeAnAAnAAM | re ee cane a di Mr He Fn Ce! Cue | Le ,bbbdbdddddddddddddddddd or ‘ ELLE LES ‘ y = (ea +R PARR) + PR = par gr +P fmt Tuo or more inputs mut be 4 for yes. As par tre quision. tu shorted node wi be high ony ow tos outputs OF gates hace ousputy OAL. Shorted OAL Wyh, it means point(node) 1 anol i berove of AND goles. noole 1 = &,-X%F =O reo y deport on Ks a ° Yo ¥3 ge out of Ib combinations Of fnput S tims % ip L we SHme Y=1.Lectute OT Repaumtouion Sf Booleaw function - sop 9 Pos > Fhe me two racthoot Y Aephesent a : bootear fonction © sum & Proolucts O Product of dunw Product teumt F,(a,8-0) = ABE FL (ABO = BBE Fy (AB) = AB Variables at Ln the formu 6 product dum toms dure} tet Fae. = Reece), : F (ay8t) = a tE ee | Vasa oe Une form 64 sum: F (A,80) = AtB Sum of Prodan (sor). inclivtduol Produc F tehmd ade Summed up . is ee £(D,8,0) = ABC + ARC + AB —yNOT In standard SOP form > Any term fr standard sop form contaiy alt variables F(A)B,) = ABC + ABC + ABL Abe +A@C + AB(c+E) (DBC) = ABC + ABC + pBe + ABC —> Now fh stondowd SOP form Product of Surv (Pos) > Proouct of Padividerot “gum beng” gives a Pos form. F(p,8,0) = (A+erc). (Ate +2). (A+B) 7 POS form tut niet th standard POS form F(h,B.c) = (A +B4c)-(ArB +). (A+B +0) = (B+ @ +0). (A+B +7). (a+ercl) = (R+Bac)-(n+B4Z)- (A+Bec)- (AF BHT) Ly now tr standard Pos form DP AAARA RANA AAA AAR EM MH A A PD nn LD PPPBARAD AAA POE NEL LT ae PL Le LF |DB Mintern 2 io. Yon ow standard SOP boolean exprwsuon an tndividuank product tern ds ~ colted as rainlshn- \ winter table Minkeum ao Sy ee | Btn | Minto came ‘ ~o 900 | fee | gE 6 > Ds fot fone Ol ca» conpiemunia m4 a 010 | Fee mh voxtoble Np 3 | ott | Bac ms a ~ 4 400] pee my 4) 4 normal variable © 5 | SOS | ABE ms ~ 6 yi0| ape! me Moe est [nee Sm éd wD HE F(MB.) = ABC + ABC + ABC + ABE = Mg + M + Mm + m FB) = Th(s,2,4.6) = Lml2,5,6,4) Moxteuw : eee) 7 In a dtoncord POS boolean expaeution an fnddtl coed as moxtKn- moxthm Fable moxtrm fable dunk dum tam & Dec ) Bin Moaxteam Maxton no: [name o [000] AtB+e Mo 1 |00L] atere | My 6 > normal variable. 2 [OL0| ar®ee Mp ‘va complementet 3S [Olt | a+ere M3 vorfoble 4 | 200] A+ere Ma 5 | 104 | Frere Me 6 | 140 | FrOre Mm a | 141 | Katee My K FBC) = (H +B +0). (Nab ez). Cae ere). (atb4e) = My +t Mz +Mp4+My = TIMO,L,3,4) EEEVYVYOYVGVGEDDDIDGOCOE ESa ~« 1 - Conaniead SOP gunk POS Form (Post -1) Lecture 08 t- Stanadanth CORON wo RAM On’ COD! (Post « wee wee 9) Convent the postion FAB = ABE in © Steward SOP form © stondoud Pos form aw @ Fe A+BC = plgrB) + Be (ara) = pp rab +abe + ABC = Aglc+t) + AB(CHC) + ABC + AEC = ABC +ABC + ABC HABC + ABC 4 AEC > ABC F ABO + ABC + ABT + BEC 2 Bm, no, tor, 100, 001) > Bm(4-6,5, 4,3) > Ym(1, 4, 556-9) @ Fe AtEc > prB)(Cate) = @rerOCavBaZ) (At B +c) (AsB4C) Q@+8+c) (A+ B+7) GAG (a +B+c) FAS AAIS SA AAAANAN T M(010 , 011 , 0 00) TM(2,3,0 =r m(0,2,3) wow i | Ada Fo= A + BC = Axx + XBC oe Tab Ee Orbe per Wp Be re pee , pp PppppaAnd 7 = sm 4,6,4)Lecture or!- dtandossl-Canonical SP and POS Form Gare -2) @) lowant He functor (ABO = AB+AC in to @ sta sop form @ Std POS form, | ?P & Fe ABT Ac = pax + AXC ddd ddd > ABC 4 ABC ABC Rec = 110 + oo? u 1@ oll p= Bm(1,3.44) 7 ™M(0,24/5) Shnificonme of mninkeru & Maxtermd Fe ABE RC Del A B Cc 7 7 | bee . ojo 0 0 0 ° ° ° > Minkeum ig Hrot combinadion Jeo t | o # 1 oft © vaxtable inputs tok 2jo 1 o | o ° a > for. vorvicn voliat of funcion 3/o 4. 2 o + 2 fk kL q/1 0 © ° oO. 4 sjs 0 t+] ° 0 [68> Maxteum ic Hat combination eli 4 0 1° ++ of voafable inputs for tl, bt 1 0 2 jt which value of purctiin fa 0. Sop and Pos form for Standard Function « = BBe0 + RRL + ARLE ABO f= BR + AB »(SOP) pp oF “, pe Q1Bt0)(mEs3) Fabr8) (To) G+s) = Q+8)(R+B) — (Pos) (B48) —- SD 3 » - - -2RR XOR cop = AB + AB XOR pos = HB) (A+B) | XORpos = Q@te)(B +B) = pA +AB+ ABYREE => per Ae XOR pos) = xO Rsop) Rove =— SOP form and POS form of o boolean expresion f& no complement of each ol . Both the form ate jute @ metrods of representing O & Some boolean function At ond ort equal @ OR Function. ORjop = AB+AB+ AB OR pps = AB PFT AIA AA HT RAAAKKAA ORgop = Sa(4-2/3) lal ORpos = Tm) WO cié/¢/é/ r PP PPPPPAPARAA a pera a ay(atu) 1 (a+¥)| (d+ a) [QO]! Cat D larn(arylGw a) Grey (a49 i @. (wit | (e)wul C@)wu| 6/2) wo Gs] rts GIA wy] C2" YH tT oe Wweravt! gut | aut aN 5 PL+VY [aytag| Uta Y|aut dal] dvtay|aetaylsysey aw | CU Tome Kero’ (er To)B | (to) wR | e210) wk | oS! (G/owa) (saz K—— varod 40S) ae t o + “9 1 Q + ° T+ | ONE Nae t 7 T ° Q + qT ° a oTt| aw ary t 1 7 7 a Q -9 Jro a Jol ay) aru 7 7 t t 1 ffi 4 1 t oo] ay | sty ° 4g hg ¥y a4 "5 re re 8 [oa ¥] warn] wpa [rd ~ (ary) (ard | (ors (Os) @¥) : T+ |G(a¥) Gey Cory) | Cory) EH)|G+v7 Gey) |EICEHD [are | AHI OH) . (own) Grown) (co)wra ere'oywar] Cro)wan | @/7a)WUL|Ceoyyou (erro) WAL) - <— yay Sad ° 5 Wired | Gy+ay lavsae aolaveaw [| av oe ” . °. | Gets| anug| amas) Gua] Gta] Os] Owe] OWS a eS v ° 7 i 0 + | @ T 0 11t/ @¥ | ge © 4 E o | 0 aa a ° o jot] aw | atu z T 1 | 7 T ° | 9 a nr ay a+ t 9 ° ° ° o | o 8 ° oo] BY | gay ° 44 4 43 hy 4 PI "Slay [eraamny [muro | pore ; i = Frg) way sod wo gos yor PPPPCPPPPPP PEPE PP rrerererennns oe 140%re ae EOuy2) = BIE + XYZ + XVE + xKVr worverk fo camordoul POS. Aew e(xy,2) = Bm 01, £00, J40, 144) = Bm( 24,6, 4) TW mM(0.4,3,5) " = WmM( 000,001, 014, 401) > pemec tyre). ( xt¥FT) -(x+¥+T). (X+¥ 47) any E(B) = (+047). (AtEH) (H+ O4c) . (+ E+E) convest frto canonical SOP . pm (nig) = TM (00s , obs , £00, £15) = TM(.4,3,4,3) = ww Dm( 0, 2,548) = Ym(oo00, 030, £04, 440) = RBC 4+ Rw. + aBic + Awe Qs F(x) = Bm (12 556,0 _ pos =? 5 Aw COGN) =| Bm(12.5,60 = @TM(0,3,4) = TIM(000, ou; 100). : Yan = (Ae yet). X49 4%): CK 4D) aby F(R, QR) = PQ* GR + PR witerm exportion. =? pw p(p,gr) = 11x + X10 +1x0 = 1108, 014 100 vu 110 10 ® © ''%@ Me + My + My + Me PA APAAAARMAAERRKRRR KR RK ~ddd SLL LAL SAILS S bd | f \ EEELULEOLOLDUDGG CE EB). (P+ THR): (PHAR) , simplified SoP = 2 By Pre poe og 2 mots, 0 ae 2 nna, 2) S pm 0.452617) = Bm (000, 100, 101, 110, wy) = Re PQ PRR FPR RAP QR +P. Qe = @REPR + P.QR Taking R+Q =X = QRe p(a+Qnr) ) > X + Px _ >) P)( KX > QR + p(R+@)(R+®) e~ > = e+e > Ret PRB) = +P eS + = GD + (AO) . = aK at BBY Qe Rec + ARC + ABC + ABC = FRC + ATC + ABT PRC + AR + ABC > BO FAC + AB Qa) $010) = f (0.1) zf0n) +L 5° fG.0) =0 fe *G + Ryd ry 2 Myty = f= ry “Dp tyLecaeie:= Mit Th lee Slt Be Saute C2) = ABC + ABE fea ae (Rect anc). (Rec +AFE) £ (BO = Bo( 3-4) / = Recs ABC Ree +o oro » Ree 2 Dm(3) AND Gate pauer only Hose mintermé which af yommon to both te Input functions | pe Dm(3.6) AND Tm (4) =. Bmls) 2 Fees ABE, Hoag)? Bent? (Race ABE )+ (Rec + ate) (a,8,.) = BGM) ‘ = Rec + Aer > am(aue) PAPA AMAA MAME EAR AARAAAA OR Gate palsies alt the mintamt, print fn both the dypuit functions ie Dmls6) OR Bm) = Dw(3,4,6) [A F(B, 8,6) = Bm(3,4,6) Fo = Bm(0,'/2.5,4) > —_ Ray 456,38 6,8 162 PP PPR AAPA PRD TT OL mig td le | f= Gs) ypw ad rR 2 - a * a s Ss $ s x a 4 * 4 ¢ a y - a = & a & & ~ ot > NW = is u a ay \e on « a 2 1 nS ° s 2 & 4 DPPPPPPPPEPP PEEP LEE ELLE LLETTRRLERDAN