Scribd
Upload
11 views24 pages

Chap 3 MIS

The document provides an introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), explaining the nature of data, its types, and how it is stored in computers. It discusses the advantages of DBMS over traditional file systems, including data organization, retrieval, and security features. Additionally, it outlines various types of databases, such as hierarchical, network, object-oriented, and relational databases, along with their key functionalities and benefits.

Uploaded by

abdullahpathan206
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views24 pages

Chap 3 MIS

The document provides an introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS), explaining the nature of data, its types, and how it is stored in computers. It discusses the advantages of DBMS over traditional file systems, including data organization, retrieval, and security features. Additionally, it outlines various types of databases, such as hierarchical, network, object-oriented, and relational databases, along with their key functionalities and benefits.

Uploaded by

abdullahpathan206
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Introduction to Database

Management System
By: Ali Mustafa Abro
Agenda
• What is Data?
• Types of Data
• Structured Data and Unstructured Data
• How do we store Data into Computers ?
• File System Vs Database System
• File System Issues
• What is DBMS?
What is Data?
• In common usage, data is a
collection of discrete or
continuous values that
convey information,
describing the quantity,
quality, fact, statistics, other
basic units of meaning, or
simply sequences of
symbols that may be further
interpreted formally. A
datum is an individual value
in a collection of data.
What is Data?
• The quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are
performed by a computer, which may be stored and transmitted in
the form of electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical, or
mechanical recording media.
• In computing, data is information that has been translated into a form
that is efficient for movement or processing. Relative to today's
computers and transmission media, data is information converted
into binary digital form. It is acceptable for data to be used as a
singular subject or a plural subject.
• E.g. Ahmed, 123, Shaikh, 2.4 etc
Types of Data
Other types of Data
Types of Data
Structured and Unstructured Data
How do we store Data into Computers?.
• Data could be stored computers in File System and or Database
Management and or content management systems.
• Let us focus on File System and Database approaches . Each one has
its own advantages and disadvantages.
What is Database?
Database is a collection of inter-related data which helps in
efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from
database and organizes the data in the form of tables, views,
schemas, reports etc.
For Example, university database organizes the data about
students, faculty, and admin staff etc. which helps in efficient
retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from it.
• Now Database Management talks about
• Create Database
• Retrieve(View) database
• Update database
• Delete Database
What is DBMS?
• Database Management System is basically software that
manages the collection of related data. It is used for storing
data and retrieving the data effectively when it is needed. It
also provides proper security measures for protecting the
data from unauthorized access.
• In Database Management System the data can be fetched
by SQL queries and relational algebra. It also provides
mechanisms for data recovery and data backup.
• Example: Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL server.
What is DBMS?
• Database Management System: The software which is used to manage
database is called Database Management System (DBMS). For Example,
MySQL, Oracle etc. are popular commercial DBMS used in different
applications. DBMS allows users the following tasks:
• Data Definition: It helps in creation, modification and removal of
definitions that define the organization of data in database.
• Data Updation: It helps in insertion, modification and deletion of the
actual data in the database.
• Data Retrieval: It helps in retrieval of data from the database which can be
used by applications for various purposes.
• User Administration: It helps in registering and monitoring users, enforcing
data security, monitoring performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing
with concurrency control and recovering information corrupted by
unexpected failure.
Key Features of DBMS?
Data Definition: Define the structure and organization of data.

Data Manipulation: Insert, update, delete, and retrieve data.

Data Control: Manage access, security, and integrity of data.

Data Storage: Store and retrieve data efficiently.

Data Retrieval: Provide querying and reporting capabilities.


1. Hierarchical Databases
Just as in any hierarchy, this database follows the progression of data
being categorized in ranks or levels, wherein data is categorized based
on a common point of linkage. As a result, two entities of data will be
lower in rank and the commonality would assume a higher rank. Refer
to the diagram below:
2. Network Databases
In Layman’s terms, a network database is a hierarchical database, but
with a major tweak. The child records are given the freedom to
associate with multiple parent records. As a result, a network or net of
database files linked with multiple threads is observed. Notice how the
Student, Faculty, and Resources elements each have two-parent records,
which are Departments and Clubs.
3. Object-Oriented Databases
Those familiar with the Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm would
be able to relate to this model of databases easily. Information stored in
a database is capable of being represented as an object which response
as an instance of the database model. Therefore, the object can be
referenced and called without any difficulty. As a result, the workload on
the database is substantially reduced.
4. Relational Databases
Considered the most mature of all databases, these databases lead in
the production line along with their management systems. In this
database, every piece of information has a relationship with every other
piece of information. This is on account of every data value in the
database having a unique identity in the form of a record.
Why you should invest in a network database management system
• Organized inventory: A network DBMS lets you track inventory levels across
products and departments so you know when it’s time to reorder items to
avoid stockouts.
• Better employee management: With a network DBMS, you can organize
employees’ contact information, job histories, and performance reviews to
identify top performers or address issues with underperforming staff.
• Financial data management: A network DBMS helps monitor financial data,
such as invoices, payments, and receipts, so you can track spending and
cash flow.
• Improved decision-making: A network DBMS provides access to accurate,
up-to-date data, which you can use to gain insights into daily operations,
assess marketing campaigns, devise pricing strategies, and make other
crucial decisions that influence the growth of your small business.
File System Issues
• Redundancy of data: Data is said to be redundant if same data is copied at many places. If a student wants
to change Phone number, he has to get it updated at various sections. Similarly, old records must be deleted
from all sections representing that student.
• Inconsistency of Data: Data is said to be inconsistent if multiple copies of same data does not match with
each other. If Phone number is different in Accounts Section and Academics Section, it will be inconsistent.
Inconsistency may be because of typing errors or not updating all copies of same data.
• Difficult Data Access: A user should know the exact location of file to access data, so the process is very
cumbersome and tedious. If user wants to search student hostel allotment number of a student from 10000
unsorted students’ records, how difficult it can be.
• Unauthorized Access: File System may lead to unauthorized access to data. If a student gets access to file
having his marks, he can change it in unauthorized way.
• No Concurrent Access: The access of same data by multiple users at same time is known as concurrency. File
system does not allow concurrency as data can be accessed by only one user at a time.
• No Backup and Recovery: File system does not incorporate any backup and recovery of data if a file is lost or
corrupted.
Thank You

You might also like